Daniel in Babylon

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So this is the Daniel/Revelation class for Beginners, that's the subtitle, for beginners, lesson number two. And as I said last week, we're studying the book of Daniel as a way of understanding the background information and the imagery and the symbolism that is contained in the book of Revelation. I told you last week, a lot of times people go to the book of Revelation, they don't even bother studying Daniel. They pull out images and language and symbols, and they attach to them all kinds of meanings according to modern, the modern political situation, thinking that these refer to modern times, without ever having looked at the book of Daniel. The book of Daniel is almost like the foundational book to understand correctly the symbols in the book of Revelation. So we talked about that last week, just in case this is your first time in this particular class. As I said, much of the language and the apocalyptic style of writing found in Daniel is also found in the book of Revelation. And if we understand the meaning of the symbols: when, how, and why, this type of language, this type, let's call it a literary style. When this literary style is used in scripture it'll go a long way to help us understand the meaning and the lessons contained in the book of Revelation. Also, a lot of the prophecy in the book of Daniel is fulfilled in the book of Revelation as well. So it's very hard to study the fulfillment of the prophecy, but ignore the original prophecy that was made. So that's why, again, I'm making the argument for studying these two books at the same time. Also, unlike some other type of studies that we've had, the book of John for example, the Gospel of John, in that particular class we're studying line by line, every single line we read it. We take it apart. Daniel/Revelation, if we were to do that, we could never finish it in the short time that we have. So it's a bit of an overview of one book and an overview of the other to grasp the main ideas, the main thrust of each book, especially understanding the symbolism. So let's talk about Daniel. Let's talk about Babylon. Daniel, let's talk about him first. Daniel was a young man from a well-to-do family in Jerusalem who was carried off into captivity by the newest world power emerging at that time, Babylon, and it's greatest King, King Nebuchadnezzar. Let's talk about Babylon, the city and the empire. Very interesting, fascinating study. Babylon was the greatest city and empire in the pre-christian era. Now, Assyria ruled before Babylon and it ruled longer, but it was never as great or as beautiful as Babylon. Babylon had architectural wonders. The Assyrians were fierce warriors. They would kill you, took your money, and killed all your people. The Babylonians had a much higher culture than the Assyrians. It was ruled for most of its domination, it's world domination, by Nebuchadnezzar, 45 years in all that he ruled. And he never tired of beautifying and improving this great city. Ancient historians say that its walls around the city were 60 miles long, 15 miles on each side. The walls were 300 feet high, 30 stories. Think about that, 300 feet high, 80 feet thick, 35 feet into the ground, so enemies could not tunnel underneath. Everything was made from brick. There was a quarter-mile of cleared space around the wall where a moat was built, 250 towers, 100 gates of brass, sentries posted everywhere. It was a fortress, it was a fortress. Nobody could get in, powerful fortress. Now the city itself was divided by the euphrates river that flowed through it and there were draw bridges to get across. There were 53 temples in the city, 180 altars to the goddess Ishtar. The goddess Ishtar was the goddess of war and love. So it was a kind of a male-dominated society. Their goddess was a female, but she was the goddess of war and the goddess of love. Nebuchadnezzar's palace was huge. The walls 50 feet thick. This is a remnant. This is not - this is actually a picture, a remnant. There are still remnants of it left. Nebuchadnezzar also built one of the seven wonders of the ancient world, and that was the Hanging Gardens of Babylon. Some scholars, some archaeologists say no, these were actually built in Nineveh. There's a little debate going on about that, but anyways, I don’t want to go into that minutia. Most individuals, most historians, believe that the Hanging Gardens were in Babylon. He built it for his queen. The gardens were platforms 400 square feet and they were held up by arches that cascaded down one from another. They were filled with flowers and trees and shrubs and you see a bit of the - in the rendition here. And all of it was watered from a reservoir at the very top that was filled, was fed, rather, by hydraulic pumps from the Euphrates River from below. We sometimes think these ancient cultures, they had no engineering, but they had amazing engineering. Many years ago when I went to Jerusalem, I, they still had, the guide brought us to the aqueducts that the Romans had built. They're still there to bring water all the way to the desert. Aqueducts built 2,000 years ago still standing, still functional. They could still function if they needed that. Obviously, they have modern ways of transporting water now, but if they had to, it they could still, they can still work. That's amazing when you look at some of our bridges and things that were built 50, 60 years ago that are crumbling and falling apart. So it was amazing, amazing engineering for the time. Underneath the arches were luxury apartments, the pleasure grounds of the palace. And these were built while Daniel was the chief governor of the wise men in Babylon. Isaiah chapter 13, verse 17 and Jeremiah, in chapter 51, both of these prophets prophesied that this great city would not only be destroyed but it would remain uninhabited forever. Well in 539 BC Cyrus, who had taken over Medes and Persia and Elam, those nations, he led his army into Babylon and he captured this seemingly indestructible city and nation without a single - well they wouldn't have a shot, but without a single blow. And the way that he did it is, they secretly diverted the flow of the river and marched the army on the empty riverbed underneath the wall at night and captured the city by surprise without losing a single, a single soldier. Now, the city of Babylon remained an important city throughout the reign of the medo-persian kings and even to the reign of Alexander the Great. But after his death the shift of power went to Rome and the city declined and by the time of Christ it was mostly in ruins, and except for archaeological expeditions, it was, it remained abandoned even to this day. Again, this is not a, this is not a painting, this is an actual photograph of the ruins of Babylon that tourists and pilgrims can visit to this day. Anyways, it was this city. I want you to imagine this great city projecting all this tremendous power, military power of a world dominating nation, it was in this city and this empire that Daniel and several of his friends were brought for retraining and re-education by Nebuchadnezzar. And so the book of Daniel represents Daniel in Chapter 7, chapter 7 verse 1 and 28 as its author. So Daniel, we know that Daniel writes about this place and we know he's the author because he names himself. So we have some internal evidence about that. It was confirmed as Daniel’s work by Jesus Himself in Matthew 24 verse 15. So not only does Daniel named himself, Jesus name's Daniel as the author of Daniel. We don't have a lot of arguments there. It was also accepted by the Jews and early Christians. In other words, this book was considered authentic by the Jews and by early Christians, and this view was unanimously held until the rise of what we call modern criticism, that contended that it was actually written in the second century before Christ by some unknown author. A lot of modern criticism does that, say, well, we don't know who wrote it. It's not Daniel. And they begin with the idea that miracles can't happen, so then they go from there with that. But this theory has been rejected by most scholars. Both Jewish and Christian scholars still believe and contend that the book of Daniel was written by Daniel, at that particular time. It was written in two languages: Caldi or Aramaic, which was the diplomatic language of that era, just like at one time the diplomatic language in the world was French. If you were a diplomat, you spoke French. Today the diplomatic language is English. But at that time Caldi and Aramaic was the diplomatic language. So chapter 2 all the way to chapter 7 is in that language, and also in Hebrew. The rest of the book is written in Hebrew. Of course, this is what might be expected from a book written for Jews living in Babylon containing information describing their actual experience in Babylon and references to their own Jewish past and future. So part of it is Aramaic, because it talks about the present culture, what's going on with Daniel as he lives in this city and then especially the parts that deal with prophecy that would have a lot more to do with Jews that part is written in Hebrew. There are many ways to outline the book, if you wish, but it pretty much breaks itself down. Part one is the court of Nebuchadnezzar, so Daniel describes his surroundings and what is happening to him when he's brought into the court of Nebuchadnezzar. Part two Nebuchadnezzar's dream, chapter two, verse one, all the way to 49, where Daniel describes what took place with the King's dream and what happened. Then chapter three to chapter six we have four episodes in Daniel's life, four things that happened to him that he describes, and then part four, four visions of Daniels prophecy, chapter seven, verses one to 28. Alright, let's talk about Daniel the person, shall we. Daniel, we believe, was of a noble family, probably royal blood. Josephus, who was a Jewish historian at the time of Christ, who wrote about Jewish history, he says that Daniel was probably related to King Zedekiah of Judah, who was the king at the time of the Babylonian - when the Babylonians took over, which is why Daniel and his friends had access to the Babylonian court. Otherwise they would have been placed with the common people. So they took the best workers and tradesmen and they took the cream of the crop of the young men who were educated and who were part of the royal court. And the fact that Daniel ended up in the Babylonian court to be trained in the king's court suggests that he was also part of the royal court. When they were in Israel. He rose to a position of great power because of his ability to interpret dreams, his visions and his great piety and faith in the Lord. He was a young man when he went into captivity and he died an old man still in Babylon 72 years later. He lasted through the reign of five kings, beginning with Nebuchadnezzar and lasting to the king, or to the reign of Darius the Persian and all the way to Cyrus the Mede in 534 BC. And even though the Jews returned from captivity after seventy years, Daniel stayed in Babylon until his death. We know that he was God's witness in the palace that ruled the world during his lifetime. Alright, let's talk about - that's just a little bit about Daniel, a little background about him. And I think we're pretty familiar with that. Let's talk about the court of Nebuchadnezzar. And I'll ask you to open your Bibles to Daniel chapter one. “In the third year of the reign of Jehoiakim, king of Judah, Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, came to Jerusalem and besieged it. The Lord gave Joachim, king of Judah, into his hands along with some of the vessels of the house of God and he brought them to the land of Shinar to the house of his God, and he brought the vessels into the treasury of his God then the king ordered Ashpenaz, the chief of his officials, to bring in some of the sons of Israel including some of the royal family and of the nobles, youths in whom was no defect, who were good-looking, showing intelligence in every branch of wisdom, endowed with understanding and discerning knowledge, and who had ability for serving in the king's court, and he ordered him to teach them the literature and language of the Chaldeans. The King appointed for them a daily ration from the King's choice food and from the wine which he drank and appointed that they should be educated three years, at the end of which they were to enter the King's personal service. Now among them from the sons of Judah were Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah. Then the commander of the officials assigned new names to them and to Daniel he assigned the name Belteshazzar, to Hannah Shadrach, and to Mishael Meshach and to Azariah Abednego. But Daniel made up his mind that he would not defile himself with the king’s choice food, with the wine which he drank; so he sought permission from the commander of the officials that he might not defile himself. Now God granted Daniel favor and compassion in the sight of the commander, the officials and the commander of the official said to Daniel, ‘I am afraid of my lord, the king, who has appointed your food and your drink, for why should he see your faces looking more haggard than the youths who are your own age? Then you would make me forfeit my head to the king. But Daniel said to the overseer whom the commander of the officials had appointed over Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah, please test your servants for ten days and let us be given some vegetables to eat and water to drink then let us, or, let our appearance be observed in your presence and the appearance of the youths who are eating the king’s choice food and deal with your servants according to what you see. So he listened to them in this matter and tested them for ten days. At the end of ten days their appearance seemed better and they were fatter than all the youths who had been eating the King's choice food. So the overseer continued to withhold their choice food and the wine they were to drink and kept giving them vegetables. As for these four youths, God gave them knowledge and intelligence in every branch of literature and wisdom, Daniel even understood all kinds of visions and dreams. Then at the end of the days which the King had specified for presenting them, the commander of the officials presented them before Nebuchadnezzar. The King talked with them, and out of them all not one was found like Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah. So they entered the King's personal service. As for every matter of wisdom and understanding about which the King consulted them he found them ten times better than all the magicians and conjurors who were in all his realm. And Daniel continued until the first year of Cyrus the king.” Now I want you to notice that in a compact first chapter, Daniel summarizes the reason why he and the three others are in the palace of the king. Part of the training was to immerse them into Babylonian culture and this included eating their food, unlike the Assyrians. Like I said, the Assyrians, they just went in, they killed you, they just killed you. And they robbed you and they took what they wanted. Anybody they left, anybody left they just took them and they just threw them in different nations to water down their bloodline. That's how they worked. Babylonians had a different foreign policy, if you wish. They would bring the cream of the crop, bring them into the service of the Babylonian court, retrain them, immerse them in Babylonian culture and literature, arts, magic for several years. And then among the best they would select them to go back to their own countries to rule in their stead. That way they were trying to infiltrate their culture into other people’s. That was their way of dominating other nations. So as I say, part of the training was to immerse them into the culture, especially the food. So the young Jews accepted and excelled at the academic training, but they refused to eat the food. Of course, a lot of reasons for that. Probably that it was food sacrificed to idols, food not prepared in the proper way, what we call kosher today. Probably some of the food may have been considered unclean for a Jew. Of course, this test of faith results in the Lord blessing them, so that they maintained their right to eat without violating their conscience, and they succeeded in impressing the King and securing a very high position in the palace. And usually I like to give the lessons at the end, what have we learned? But I mean, this little episode here just begs to bring out a couple of obvious lessons. For example, we need to decide in advance how we will react to temptation. We need to decide in advance if something's going to happen if we're tempted in a certain way, if somehow a situation arises that will tempt us to compromise what we believe what is right, we need to decide in advance what we're going to do. It says that Daniel - they had decided in advance if we go somewhere else, we're not going to violate our conscience by eating food that is unclean. So when the moment came they weren't flustered, they knew exactly how they were going to respond. I tell the story about my daughter Julia, our eldest daughter and when she was in the Marine Corps and she was a nice blond-haired, blue-eyed Marine and there were a lot of young Marine men who wanted to date her. She was a single girl, good Christian girl. And she once told me - well, I said, how do you deal with that, Julia? And she said well I give him the pep talk. I said, the pep talk, what's the pep talk? She said, well, if somebody asked me out for a date I said, well, I'll go out with you to the movies or dinner or whatever, but there are a couple of rules. And the guys would say, okay, what are the rules? She’d say, well, first of all, under no conditions are we going to have sex. There's nothing you can say, nothing you can do, nothing you could buy me that will lead me to have sex with you. So that's off the table. Don't even think about that. That’s never going to happen unless we're married. Number two, we're not going to take drugs. Not even for fun. Not even just once. It's never going to happen. And number three, you won't get violent with me because I have a big brother and he's in the Marines too. And so I asked her, well Julia, did you get a lot of dates? And she said no. But the ones that I got, however, they were good dates. And that's the way she found the right guy who said to her, no problem. That's great, let's go. And he's her husband now and they've produced two beautiful children and one more on the way. Anyways, a good story. She was telling this young man, here are my standards before we even leave the house to go to the movies. Here are the standards are. She had decided in advance exactly how she would conduct herself under various circumstances. Another lesson here, I'm looking at Bob there and he's just dying to say something, but he's holding himself in and that's a good exercise for you Bobby. God tests us, not only with trials but also with opportunities. We always think, we're having a lot of trouble: my sore back, this happens, I lose my job, whatever. Well, this is a trial and you know God is testing me. And yeah sure, that's where our faith is, in the crucible of suffering our faith is strengthened, but sometimes he tests us with opportunities, because sometimes opportunities to get ahead in my job, in my career, also will mean that I will take a step back in my faith and in my service to God. I tell people, you know what, we're always praying for God to open the door of opportunity, but you know what, Satan can also open the door of opportunity for you. We have to be careful when we are looking at an opportunity to make sure that that opportunity will not be some short-term gain but will result in long-term loss, if we have to compromise our values. Maybe if I cheat in just this little thing, boy I'll be able to get way ahead. You're never really way ahead. And so they had an opportunity here, hey, we're young guys and we're in a foreign country and we're actually slaves. We have a shot at living in the court and serving the King. I'm sure God won't mind if we eat the food, if we eat the unclean food. Surely God - well, haven't we suffered enough? And yet, they had decided in advance that they weren't going to compromise. And so what looks like an opportunity was really a snare, and by holding fast to what they knew was right, God blessed them anyways, despite the obstacle in front of them. Another lesson: God always rewards obedience, sooner or later God rewards obedience. With Daniel He did it sooner, with Job He did it later. But sooner or later God will reward us for our obedience. And maybe one other thing here before we get too bogged down, you never know why God has put you where you are. You never know why the test is what it is. Daniel's impact lasted centuries, but he didn't know it then. So you never know if the doing of right in your humdrum routine might have tremendous impact later on, or the reverse, avoiding to confess Christ or avoiding to do the right thing might eliminate you from contributing mightily to the kingdom. You never know. In any case, we see that Daniel’s position is secured with God and with the king by the way that he conducts himself in the early stages of his captivity. And so we move on, chapter two, to Nebuchadnezzar's dream. This chapter describes the beginning of Daniel’s ministry of prophecy in the king's court. And what takes place is the following: the king has an unusual dream that makes him anxious since he doesn't understand what the dream is. Now the Babylonians were adept in the black arts, the occult, and magic. They would try to foretell the future by reading the stars or they would cut open an animal and take out its vital organs and they would try to read the future by reading the organs of the dead animal. They also put a lot of importance in dreams and what the dreams meant. And so the king calls his wise men, a collection of sorcerers, astrologers, counselors, ministers, to give him the interpretation of the dream. Now there was a catch however, and the catch was he doesn't tell them what the dream is. He tells them they have to tell him what the dream is and then interpret it. Well, obviously, that's pretty tough. He also tells them that if no one can do this they're all going to be executed and their homes will be destroyed and that included Daniel and his three friends who were part of this group of advisers. So I'm kind of summarizing the story, because we're not going to read the entire chapter here. So the wise man confessed that they can't do what the king wants them to do and so the king decrees that all the wise men in the land are to be executed. And so when Daniel hears this he and the three other Jewish youth go to God in prayer and God reveals the dream and its interpretation and then Daniel goes to the king with his revelation and saves himself and the others. Now, the reason he could go into the king was he was considered one of the wise men, along with the others. So I just want to read one portion of chapter two, beginning in verse 31, Daniel says, “You, O king, were looking and behold there was a single great statue. That statue which was large and of extraordinary splendor was standing in front of you and it's appearance was awesome.” So Daniel is telling the King what he dreamt. “The head of that statue has made a fine gold, its breast and its arms of silver, and its belly and its thighs of bronze, its legs of iron, its feet partly of iron and partly of clay. You continued looking until a stone was cut out without hands and it struck the statue on its feet of iron and clay and crushed them. Then the iron, the clay, the bronze, the silver, and the gold were crushed all at same time and became like chaff from the summer threshing floors and the wind carried them away so that not a trace of them was found, but the stone that struck the statue became a great mountain and covered the whole earth. This was the dream. Now we will tell its interpretation before the king. You, O king, are the king of kings, to whom the God of heaven has given the kingdom, the power, the strength, and the glory, and wherever the sons of men dwell or the beasts of the field or the birds of the sky, He has given them into your hand and has caused you to rule over them all. You are the head of gold, after you there will arise another kingdom inferior to you, then another third kingdom of bronze, which will rule over all the earth, then there will be a fourth kingdom as strong as iron; in as much as iron crushes and shatters all things, so, like iron that breaks in pieces. It will crush and break all these in pieces. In that you saw the feet and toes, partly of potters clay and partly of iron, it will be a divided kingdom; but it will have in it the toughness of iron in as much as you saw the iron mixed with common clay. As the toes of the feet were partly of iron and partly of pottery, so some of the kingdom will be strong and part of it will be brittle and in that you saw the iron mixed with common clay they will combine with one another in the seed of men, but they will not adhere to one another even as iron does not combine with pottery. In the days of those kings, the God of heaven will set up a kingdom which will never be destroyed and that kingdom will not be left for another people. It will crush and put an end to all these kingdoms, but it will itself endure forever. In as much as you saw that a stone was cut out of the mountain without hands and that it crushed the iron, the bronze, the clay, the silver, and the gold. The great God has made known to the king what will take place in the future; so the dream is true and it's interpretation is trustworthy." So in the interpretation of this dream, Daniel not only describes the king’s mind, but he also prophesizes concerning world events into the next six hundred and fifty years. The dream, right, a great statue shining. The head of gold, the breasts of silver, as well as the arms, the belly and the hips made of brass, the legs of iron, the feet a mixture of iron and clay. A stone, he says, appears out of nowhere, cut without hands and it strikes the feet of the statue and the statue crumbles to dust and is blown away. The stone grows into a mountain, which then fills the earth. And so, what is the interpretation, Daniel says. Well, the head is gold and is the embodiment of the kingdom of Babylon, the first great and magnificent world kingdom. As I said, the Assyrians also ruled before them but not with the splendor and wealth and total control that the Babylonians had. The breasts and the arms of silver represent very well the dual nature of the Medo-Persian empire that conquered and replaced the Babylonians. Another interesting thing, as well, is that silver coinage and this people's wealth in silver fits well the imagery of the dream because the Medo-Persian empire was rich in silver. Also the idea of the two arms, two different nations ruling simultaneously. Then he talks about the belly and the hips of brass, refer to Alexander the Great and his armies, which will be the next world power after the Medo-Persian empire. Now, Alexander is interesting to note, innovated warfare by introducing brass armor in combat. Then, of course, the Roman empire is described as legs of iron with feet of mixed clay and iron and it the next great empire that defeated the Greeks and took over as a world power. Now the Romans introduced iron weapons into warfare. At the beginning they were tough, they were unbreakable like iron is unbreakable, but as the Empire grew however, it began making alliances with other nations rather than conquering and ruling them by force. So their modus operandi at the beginning is they come in and they, like the Assyrians, they kill you and they take over or they subdue you, enslave you. You pay taxes and if you step out of line we go in and we wipe you out. They were ruthless and powerful. They were truly a world empire, but as the empire grew and grew and grew and grew, it was so big and it began to be so bulky to be managed. Instead of fighting wars way at the other end of the empire, what they would do is they would make treaties with nations on the edge of the empire. They wouldn't conquer them, it would just be a threat. We know all about threats, right? Countries making threats. And so, it would be a threat. If you pay so much taxes, we'll leave you alone, but if you don't pay so much taxes, we're going to go in and we’re going to wipe you out. So they began making these alliances and that's what the imagery is here. If the legs are steel but you get down to the feet and the toes, those, he says, were a mixture of iron and clay and in as much as iron and clay don't mix, well, the same thing happened to the Roman Empire. The nations that were on the periphery eventually came in and ransacked Rome and of course this is represented by the feet mixed with iron and clay. And then the stone cut without hands, of course, a stone that just appears, the idea, the imagery refers to something supernatural, something that is not of this world. The small stone totally destroys the statue, and notice where it hits. It doesn't hit in the head or in the chest, it hits at the feet right? It hits at the feet. So the small stone totally destroys the statue, conquers the essence and the substance of the statue. All the power to control, all the dominance, all the glory, completely shattered. And so in the dream and in the interpretation Daniel says the stone is a kingdom established by God, never to be destroyed and always alive and growing. And eventually, he says, will dominate everything and everyone and last forever. Kind of sounds like the church, doesn't it? Kind of sounds like the church. So once Nebuchadnezzar hears this, if we continue reading, we find out he falls on his face to honor Daniel as a true prophet, and worships the God of Daniel. He also makes Daniel the head of all of his wise men and counselors in the palace, and his three friends the administrators of the province of Babylon. This is a tremendous prophecy, because of its clarity and its exactness. I mean, he said that this dream was about the future rulers of the world. I mean, he called it. Also, he gives the exact number that there will be and the order and enough information from the dream to identify who will they be. I mean, we can't even predict who the next president is going to be in three years from now. And here Daniel is telling him which nations are going to rule in the next six hundred and fifty years. That's a tremendous prophecy. He prophesizes correctly about the coming of the church and what exact period of time that it would appear and destroy the opposition. He even correctly interprets the idea that some of these kingdoms would never revise, they were all blown into dust. None of these kingdoms, there's no Babylon anymore. There's no Medo-Persia any more. Rome, yeah, there's Italy in Rome, but would anybody think that Italy is a world power today? I don't think so. So this section is important, not only to prove the inspiration of the Bible but also to set the scene for what will take place in the book of Revelation. That's why I read - we're not going to read every line of every book here, but it was important to look at this because this is the basis upon which many of the symbols and prophecies in the book of Revelation are taken. It's not just an instant bit and a destruction. What he talks about is, it is a struggle for several centuries that will finally end in a victory for the church. Tremendous prophecy. The thing that really strikes me is he talks about the coming of the church and he places it in exactly the right historical context, during the Roman empire. And the fact that it will destroy the empire, Christianity overtook the empire of Rome. Alright, I think the first bell went, so we're going to stop there. Next week we're going to talk about what Nebuchadnezzar does with this interpretation and we're going to begin looking at Daniel’s vision. So that's it for this week. Thank you very much for your attention.
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Channel: BibleTalk.tv
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Length: 41min 11sec (2471 seconds)
Published: Fri Aug 04 2017
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