Configuring a DHCP Server on Windows Server 2016

in this demo I'm gonna show you how to add a new scope to DHCP now we're gonna be doing this on a Windows Server 2016 data center system and as you can see it's data center system with the GUI installed so let's go ahead and let's go on out on our server and let's open up the DHCP manager so we're gonna go to Windows administrative tools and we're going to double click on DHCP now what we're gonna do is we're gonna build a brand new scope for ipv4 for that version so here's the ipv4 as you can see there are green check boxes next to the servers this means that this server has been authorized in Active Directory and another way you can tell is if I click on the server name right click you'll see the word unauthorized if this hadn't been authorized yet the word authorized would be there and instead of being green check boxes you would have to read down arrows so we know that the system has been authorized in Active Directory which just means that Active Directory knows that this DHCP server is there so we're gonna go ahead and we're gonna click on ipv4 we're gonna right-click and we're gonna say new scope what we're gonna do is we're just gonna go through the scope wizard filling in the fields and it's gonna build the scope for us so I'm gonna go ahead and say next and it's gonna ask you what is the name of this scope now this scope is going to be for my 1010 16.0 subnet so what I'm gonna do is I'm gonna say that this is gonna be for six for subnet 16.0 and the description is gonna be subnet 1010 16.0 that is the subnet ID 16.0 is the subnet ID so this way I know that these are the IP addresses specifically for the subnet that is 1010 16.0 so I'm going to go ahead and click Next now it's going to ask you for the starting and ending address of your pool now the pool is the pool of addresses that can be given out to all of your users think of a pool you may if you've ever been in the military you may have heard of the term called a motor pool what a motor pool is is it's a place where you can go in your military you can sign out a vehicle go do whatever you have to do and then bring the government via wall back to the motor pool when you're done well believe it or not the pool of addresses in your scope is the exact same thing it is a grouping of TCP IP addresses that will be given out to all of your users and then when they do a proper shutdown it will be released back to the pool so that it can be given out to someone else now on a 10-10 16.0 subnet we can use any IP address from 1010 16.1 all the way through to 1010 31.2 54 those are all usable addresses for our users that comes out roughly to about 8,000 addresses I believe it's 8090 for off the top of my head but it's around 8,000 addresses on this subnet I only have 300 people that are gonna be on this subnet so instead of assigning the entire subnet mask the entire range of addresses to the pool of addresses I'm only gonna choose enough so that I can handle my 300 users so what I'm gonna end up doing is I am going to start my pool at 1010 17.1 and I'm gonna end my pool with 1010 19.2 54 that is going to allow the pool to have all of the 17 addresses all of the 18 addresses and the 19 addresses what that means is 17.1 will be valid 17.2 17.3 17.4 all the way until I get to 17 to 55 18.1 18.2 all the way until I get to 18 dot 255 19.1 19.2 all the way until I get to 19.2 54 now technically I could end this at 19.2 55 because the only number that's not valid as a 255 in that range of numbers is 31 dot 255 remember when you set up a range of addresses I'm gonna put you out on the whiteboard for a second since we're gonna be using 255 255 240 dot 0 that means my ranges of addresses go by 16 so my first one goes 0 my next one 16 my next ones 32 and you just keep adding 16 so my first range of addresses goes from 0 dot 0 to 15 dot 255 my next range of addresses goes from 16 dot 0 to 31 255 because 32.0 starts the next range now when you have a range of addresses in a subnet you cannot use the first or last address so I have to start with 0.1 and I can end with 15 to 5 for the first address this one here represents the network ID so 10 1000 is the network ID for that subnet the last number represents the broadcast 10 10 15 dot 255 is the broadcast for that range of IP addresses same with the 16 grouping I have to start at 16.1 and go to 30 1.2 54 because 1010 16.0 is my network ID and 10 10 31 255 is my broadcast so these are the only usable addresses that I can give my users I'm not starting my pool at 16.1 because what I'm gonna do is I'm gonna make sure that my default gateway which is my router is gonna be the one that I signed 16.1 I have a second router on that same subnet and that router I'm going to assign 16.25 for so those are going to be two of my addresses that I'm gonna give you equipment plus I have printers I have other devices that are on that subnet all of those devices are going to be under the 16 dot whatever number I want to give them so that's why I'm starting my pool with 17.1 and I'm gonna go all the way through to 19.2 five five and that's gonna give me all of the 17 addresses all of the 18 addresses and all of the 19 addresses so that's gonna give me about roughly 700 it's around 780 addresses so since I only have 300 people on that line it's gonna be more enough that's also gonna cover in case we're using Cisco phones in case where you know if they're gonna be bringing their own devices so that's gonna be large enough in my pool so because of that I'm starting my grouping of addresses at 17.1 and I'm gonna end it when 19.2 55 now what I have to do is I have to set up my subnet mask to represent the 255 255 240 0 this number right here that I showed you now I can put in the subnet mask or I can put in the cider the cider is the shorthand version of that subnet mask the cider is the number of ones turned on and subnet mask so for every 255 you have eight ones turned on for every 255 you have eight ones turned on 240 has four ones turned on so I can either use two five five two by five two 40.0 or show the exact same thing as slash 20 because 8 plus 8 is 16 plus 4 more ones a slash 20 so when I'm setting up my scope I can go either way I can set this length to be the 20 or I can put in the subnet mask it doesn't matter which way you go as soon as you go one way the other way is gonna change for example if I change this to 20 you'll see my subnet mask will change watch my mask so I just put 20 on there up sorry 20 I just put 20 on there and it automatically filled it out the 2 by 5 2 or 5 to 40 not zero now if I want I can put I can make that an 8 the length doesn't like when you try to do anything under the name but as soon as you notice as soon as I do my length of a time back to 2 y 5 I can also change it in the subnet mask itself to 5 5 2 40.0 now when I tab off of this you'll see this change to a 20 so you can set it either way you can set the actual mask to 2 5 2 over to 40 times 0 or you can set the slider notation to just slash 20 either way works so I have my grouping of addresses and I have my subnet mask now when I say next it's gonna ask me do I want to take any numbers out of that grouping so I'm using 10 10 17.1 all the way through 10 10 19 dot 255 let's say for example that the address 10 10 18 . 100 is already issued to somebody somebody actually has that number as a static number which means it's permanently in their system what I want to do is because that number falls between this grouping of numbers I want to exclude this number from the pool what an exclusion is is I'm saying this is the pool of addresses that I'm gonna issue out but any number that's excluded will be taken out of that pool it will not be given to anyone so let's say 18 dot 100 is a number that has already issued what I would do is under the starting address I'd put in 10 10 18 100 now if I have more addresses let's say 18 101 18 102 I can put in a whole grouping of addresses and hit add but since I only have the one address once I say add that number has now been taken out of this pool of addresses down here you'll see where it says subnet delay what this is for is this allows you to put a delay on so that you're not gonna immediately send an IP address out to someone when they ask for it the reason why you may do that is because if you have more than one DHCP server you may want to have a second one just as a backup the delay ensures that the primary DHCP server is the first one to send the client an offer if I go back to our whiteboard let's say for example that this is a router and on my network I have two DHCP servers DHCP one and DHCP two I want to make sure that DHCP one answers all requests from subnet one first DHCP two is going to back this DTP server up but as long as dhcp one is up and running I want all of my users on subnet 1 to get their address from that server what I can do is I can put a delay on DHCP 2 for that subnet for something at 1 this way I'm guaranteeing that DHCP 1 is going to have the first opportunity to send an IP address to that subnet now if that box goes down then DHCP 2 will handle answering requests from that subnet but unless that box goes down I want all of my IP addresses to come from DHCP 1 so that's the reason why we put a delay in on some scopes because I want another DHCP server to have the first opportunity to send an IP address so that's what the delay is now since this is our only DHCP server for this particular range of addresses I'm not gonna touch the delay so I'm just gonna go ahead and say next and now it's gonna ask me what my lease duration is this is the amount of time that someone is going to be able to continue to use that IP address that I give them the default is 8 days the reason that the fault is 8 days is because you have a seven-day workweek a lot of people come in on Monday they turn their machine on when they leave at night they lock their machine but they don't shut it down on Friday they do a proper shutdown come Monday they turn the machine back on and they start the whole process over again by having an eight day lease every Monday when they turn the box back on they're gonna try to acquire a brand-new lease a brand new IP address so by setting it to eight days the reason the default is 8 days is because we have a seven-day week and this way it's going to guarantee that every Monday when the people normally turn their box on it's going to they're gonna get a brand-new IP address from dhcp you don't have to keep it at 8 days if you're running short of IP addresses where IP addresses you know if you don't have a lot for a particular scope then you might want to set the lease raishin only one day this way every day everybody tries to get a new IP address if they get an IP address and they don't properly shut down come the next day they're just gonna get another IP address the reason that we worry about this is normally because the laptop users if a laptop user comes in gets an IP address for eight days and they don't do a proper shutdown they just shut the lid and walk out they end up taking that IP address with them for eight days because the only way you release your IP address back to the pool is by doing a proper shutdown so because of laptop users and because sometimes they can walk out with one of our addresses people like to make this lease duration a little less I got more than enough IP addresses to handle this subnet even with the few laptop users that I have so I'm gonna leave the default just as eight days in this particular environment there's no reason to change it so I'm gonna go ahead and just say next then it's gonna ask me do I want to configure additional options for this scope additional options are for example who my DNS server is my default gateways wins server if you have an ADD one-time servers these are all of the different things that can be given out at the same time that your users just get an IP address subnet mask so I'm gonna go ahead and I'm gonna say no don't configure these options and the reason I'm doing that is I'm gonna show you how to go back in and add options after the scopes have been created so I'm just gonna say next I'm gonna say finished and that's it my sculpt has now been created you'll notice that there is a red down arrow next to the scope that is because the scope needs to be activated after it's been created so I would have to right-click on it excuse me I have to right-click on it and I have to actually tell it to activate the scope if I want this scope to start handing out addresses before I do that though I want to go in and I want to set up my scope options now you'll notice there are two sets of options scope options and server options server options are options that you're going to set up that are going to apply to every single scope that you have scope options are options that are scope specific they are there specifically because they're used for that particular for that particular scope only so for example if I go back to the whiteboard real quick let's say that I have a couple routers here is my DNS server here is my user that's going to get an IP address when I set up a scope of addresses for this subnet one of the things that's going to be scope specific is that users default gateway the default gateway is just which router are they going to use to get off their subnet this user user X their default gateway can be this side of the router or that side of the router doesn't matter but the router is a scope specific option even if I have six or seven subnets if I only have one DNS server I would add DNS as a server option because that one server would apply to every single subnet that I create I only have one so I would make the DNS option a server option and it would apply to all scopes so scopes specific options are things that are specific to that subnet server options are options like DNS that are going to apply to all of your subnets so under my scope option I'm going to right click say configure option and I'm gonna go ahead and I'm gonna set up my router my default gateway and the router for this line is gonna be 10 10 16.1 and I'm gonna say add and that's it's as simple as that now I want to go in and I want to set up my DNS server I'm gonna configure option I'm gonna go to 0 0 6 I'm gonna choose it I'm gonna put in the IP address for my DNS server my DNS our happens to be 0.10 so I'm gonna say add it's gonna try to find it and it won't be able to find it because I don't have it running at this time so I'm just it's gonna ask me are you sure that you want to use this IP address because it can't be found so I'm gonna go ahead and just tell it yes once it gives me this little this little thing right here see the IP address is not valid it is the actual valid DNS address it's just that that server is not up and running at this point so I'm gonna say yes it is they're gonna be the one that is given out and then I'm gonna say ok and now I have a server option for DNS now watch when I click on this scope again and click on scope options you'll see I now have two options one for the scope and one for DNS ok one for the router here the default gateway which is my scope option and the server option and it's as simple as that now all I need to do is I need to just go in I need to activate my scope and at that point my users for the 16.0 subnet will start getting issued IP addresses so I hope you've enjoyed this demo on how to set up and configure a DHCP scope

Channel: StormWind Studios

Views: 8,243

Rating: 4.6363635 out of 5

Keywords: DHCP, Server 2016, IPv4, StormWind, MCSA, MCSE, Will Panek

Id: XUnmyR-ZFBs

Length: 21min 56sec (1316 seconds)

Published: Tue Apr 03 2018