CCNA | IPv6 Addresses and Features

hello everyone this is ali and welcome to my channel in this video i'm going to talk about ipv6 addresses and features i'm gonna keep this as short and as simple as possible then we're gonna do an introduction we'll talk about the ipv6 address representation the addressing methods the address types and some of its features and then a quick demo on packet tracer so the ipv6 is the most recent version of internet protocol after ipv4 it's created to resolve the issues um or the issue of ipv4 exhaustion we know ipv4 is not going to last forever even though we have nat it extended its life but uh eventually we're gonna be moving to a bigger address space and it was created by ietf or internet engineering task force so we moved from a 32-bit address to a 128-bit address ipv4 had four dotted decimal numbers like um like so 192.168.50 these are just examples of ipv4 ipv6 has eight groups of hex numbers or hexadecimals so anything from zero to f so 0 to 9 and then a b c d e f so this is a this is an example of an ipv6 so we have the 8 hex numbers and they are all separated by columns not uh dot anymore so the address representation we know it's a 128 bit address so we get 2 to the power 128 addresses to use this is a huge huge number we have eight groups of hexadecimals and we have a rule to shorten the address to make it easier to write we can use a double colon instead of consecutive zeros used only once in an address and we can remove leading zeros an example if we have this ip address or i should say ipv6 address we see here two groups of zeros we can shorten this address by putting a double colon instead of the zeros and then the leading zeros like here and here and here we can remove the leading zeros and we make it much shorter shorter so typing an address like this is much easier than typing an address like this one the addressing methods we have unicast in ipv6 which is the one-to-one communications from a client to a server from a host to host we have the anycast which is a one-to-one but of many destinations so the same destination address on many hosts but there is a routing algorithm that determines the closest one so it's a one-to-one communication but uh to the closest one or you can just say a one two closest or one to nearest [Music] communication and we have the multicast there is no broadcast anymore in ipv6 multicast is more efficient more directive it's the one to multiple and then we have an example uh dhcp clients will send packets to this multicast ipv6 address so the hcp servers will be listening to this multicast address and the clients instead of broadcasting to everyone who is the dhcp they just send a packet to a multicast address that the dhcp listens on the address types we have the link local which is automatically generated by the host a loc this is used for local communications on the local subnet subnet um subnet sorry and this address always starts with fe8 0 colon colon so the first 64 bits are always fe80 and to know how this is generated it's a mechanism called eui-64 or extended unique identifier so we have fe80 colon colon or zero zero zero all the way to the 64th bit so the first 64 bits are fe8000 and then we get the mac address of the host which is a 48-bit address and we put in the middle fffe this is another 16 bits so we get 64 bit on this side and then we have the fe80 column coil is 64 bits so these are column coins these are zeros and then we get the 128 bit link local ipv6 address this is automatically generated for every host that is going to use ipv6 by this mechanism and this 2 here so this is the mac address starting 0 0 0 1 but we see a 2 here because when we generate this link local address the 7th bit from the left and the mac address so those two zeros here at the beginning the seventh bit here will be inverted if it's a zero we'll be inverted to one if it's a one will be inverted to zero so that's why we have the two not it didn't didn't stay as zero so this is the link local address generated and well then we have unique local addresses the this is the private addresses for inside a lan and then we have the global addresses routable on the internet these are the public addresses the high level bits the high level three bits are always zero zero one so these addresses always start with two zero zero colon colon slash three some of the features we have ipsec or ip security this is for secure communications or encryption and authentication between the two communicating hosts we have mobility this will make it easier for hosts to keep connectivity while moving around and we have a simpler header in the ipv6 uh because some fields are dropped or made optional it's a it's not a smaller header than the ipv4 but it's just simpler and then we have auto configuration and neighbor discovery features auto configuration is the ability to generate its own ipv6 the link local addresses and neighbor discovery which replaces arp in ipv4 and then we'll do a quick demo here on packet tracer i'll bring back tracer to this screen i have two routers here two lans on the left side here router 0 the inside network is two zero zero one column a b colon one one one one colon colon one slash sixty four and on the other side it's almost the same but we have two two two two and then in between the routers we have a network two zero zero one column one one column colon one for this interface here and colon colon two for this interface here so we're gonna set up uh the router interfaces the ip addresses and we're gonna ping from one side to the other so let's look at the computers or the pcs here and let's configure the ipv6 addresses on the computers i'm going to open the ip configuration here under desktop and i'll see under the ipv6 configuration here we have a link local address already generated and we said it always starts with fea 0 and then the mac address fffe in the middle and then we are inverting the 7th bit from the left so let's just look quickly at ipconfig slash alls to see the mac address or this is the physical address so this is the mac address and this is the link local ipv6 address it is the mac address plus ff fe in the middle just like here and then we inverted the seventh bit into um and it was zero here we inverted it into one so we have a two and then it starts with fe80 but we're gonna set up an ipv6 address so let's on this network so 2 0 0 1 colon a b colon 1 1 1 1 colon colon i'm going to say 10 and here it's a slash 64. it's a huge network and for the default gateway i'm just going to copy paste from here and it's a column colon one so remember the column column means all zeros consecutive zeros to make the address 128 bits um i'll copy this and open the other pc here desktop ipconfigurations i'll make this column colon 11 64. copy paste and this is the gateway column column one i'm so tempted to say dot one but it's not a dot anymore on the other side ipv configurations similar but these are this is another network i'll keep it colon 10 64. and i'll get this as the gateway but it's a colon colon one okay just to test i want to test something here before i enable the interface or put any ipv6 address on the router just want to ping from pc 0 to pc to pc2 just between these two using their link local link local addresses okay so i'll get this i'll copy it and from this side i'm gonna say ping and we can ping between these two device on this link local automatically generated ipv6 address and we can of course ping the newly assigned address copy paste because there's a layer two connectivity between them and we don't need the gateway yet okay so i'm gonna go to router zero and i'm gonna open the cli and say no here enable configure terminal i'm gonna go to interface uh just gonna preferences and show port labels so the zero zero zero is inside zero zero one and same thing on the other side i'm gonna take the port labels away keep it cleaner so interface gig zero zero zero the inside interface here we're gonna set this ip address or ipv v6 address we're gonna say instead of ip address this is for ipv4 we're going to say ipv6 address now we're going to put the ipv6 address and press enter see we don't have to do 255.255.255.255 like 64 bits and 10.000 we just have to say 64. and we have to say no shutdown and now this interface is up let's go to the other interface on the outside zero zero one ipv6 address and it's two zero 0 1 colon 1 1 colon colon 1 slash 64. no shut down it is up but we have to put the other interface up for the other router so we can see the link turn green so we get to the other router here i'm going to set the ip addresses on the interfaces configure terminal interfaces gig zero zero one so the outside address ipv6 address two zero zero one colon 1 1 colon colon 2 slash 64. no shutdown and now we have the link is up between these these two routers and we will copy this ip address and go to gig000 the inside interface say fpv6 address and we will paste it right here and we'll say no shutdown and now before we start pinging from one side to another we need to set static routes to tell router 0 if you want to reach this network we go to this ip and we want to tell router 1 if you want to reach this network go to this ip so i'll start on router 0 and to enable routing globally just here on the global configuration mode we have to say to enable routing for ipv6 we have to say ipv6 unicast routing we have to run this command and now we have to create a static route instead of ip route ipv6 route and we want to say if we are going to network 2 0 0 1 a b two two two two column colon so zero slash sixty four forward to this next top ip so we're saying ipv6 route if you want to go to this destination network forward the traffic to this ipv6 which is right here this next address and we press enter we'll do the same thing on but opposite way on i on router one first of all ipv6 unicast routing and then ipv6 this destination network i can just type it but slash 64. and we want to go to 2 0 0 1 colon 1 1 column colon 1. i have a mistake does it i'll take capital oh ipv6 route forgot route okay [Music] let's try to ping from one computer to from one side to another let's take this ip copy and from pc0 i'm going to ping i'm going to ping pc1 right here let's see okay i have pings i have replies from pc1 let's open command prompt and ping pc0 which was the colon colon 10 2001 a b colon 1 1 1 1 colon colon 10 and i have a reply from that site so that was that was ipv6 um very simply and easily that was a summary of ipv6 addresses and features uh i would appreciate a subscribe and a like on the video and thank you for watching and i will see you in the next one

Channel: Ali Younes - Go4IT

Views: 67

Keywords: #Cisco, #CCNA, IPv6

Id: IgYiVF07UyU

Length: 19min 5sec (1145 seconds)

Published: Tue Mar 02 2021