Carbon - The STRANGEST Element on Earth!

[Music] hi today happened to be a whole day and it's the right time for grilling this carbon containing meat with the help of pure carbon in other forces carbon containing body to finally be able to breathe out some carbon dioxide why so much carbon you may Wonder well let's find out quite often during some regular experiment when you mix one with another or for example set something on fire I remember my favorite fantasy worlds that's probably a while like Red Shadow Legends zero is a very nice big fantasy atmosphere a lot of Champions with their own unique skills and epic bosses fight with which are remembered for a long time but I especially like High Elves in raid they have a long and Rich history here and at the moment the kingdom of aware is the most beautiful and powerful country in the world of Red Shadow Legends my favorite champion from The High Elves faction is Fergus he holds damage well and places useful Buffs on his allies anyway the game is immersive in itself and does not forget to develop recently a new faction has appeared here the Sylvan washers it includes Forest elves ants Druids and fairs I haven't played them yet but but I definitely will moreover a new season of force pass has already started you can get the most powerful equipment that has ever been in the game also if you are Amazon Prime member you can get your exclusive rewards in rate right now so if you haven't started playing radio yet click my link in the video description or scan my QR code here on the screen and you'll get unique bonuses for 30 dollars I mean a free epic Champion Vargis 200k silver one energy refill and one XP boost and one ancient shot so you can summon awesome Champions as soon as you get in game all this treasure will be waiting for you here just click the link in the description and I'll see you in the game I think many of you are just like me come into contact with carbon every day whether it be writing something with a pencil on a sheet of paper or wearing a ring with a precious stone on your finger but wait do pencil leads and diamonds really share something in common and I will say yes they do that's because both of them consist of the same element which is carbon is fair to say that in nature this element takes the lead in disguising itself as the most unusual and expensive things for instance I grill this shash league using pure carbon in the form of charcoal you can also use graphite which also consists of carbon to write on a sheet of paper and the strongest and hardest natural material Diamond also consists of pure carbon all of this is a result of a property called allotrophy which allows one chemical element to take different forms changing the allocation of atoms within a crystalline grid of a certain chemical and carbon takes the latencies to make it more understandable let's take some regular charcoal which mostly consists of pure carbon that is Loosely distributed carbon atoms bound together by weak double bonds which makes the molecular structure of a piece of charcoal look not so robust it is this property which makes charcoal have such a high chemical activity in other words it burns well in the air and easily reacts with other chemicals for instance with oxygen from the ear foreign oxygen charcoal also reacts well with some oxidizers for instance such as ammonium nitrate that's why sometimes I like adding some ammonium nitrate to the leftover such lick charcoal which makes all the charcoal burn out instantaneously without leaving a mark because the reaction products of ammonium nitrate and charcoal are purely gesos but still besides charcoal which produces heat to suitable for grilling shash League there exists another form of carbon which is graphite carbon atoms in graphite have a more organized structure in turn this has a significant impact on the properties of the obtained material graphite is not as fragile and soft as charcoal and when attempts are made to burn it Rafael doesn't react with oxygen from the ears at 12. [Music] foreign [Music] for instance if you try to burn a regular pencil in pure oxygen then wood will burn well just as it's supposed to and only thing that will be left after burning the pencil is graphite lid which burns very poorly even in the Stream of pure oxygen [Music] the only time when you can see graphite burn is when it is burned at a very high temperature for instance when copper is melted in a graphite Crucible as soon as graphite starts coming into contact with oxygen from the ear it immediately starts burning with a hardly visible bluish flame and it looks quite stunning it's a beautiful that this spectacular occurrence is quite expensive because flame gradually reduces the thickness of a graphite Crucible and in some time it will need to be replaced but still in my opinion graphite crucibles are the most suitable crucibles for Milton metals because no metal sticks to them which is why I only use graphite modes for making metal nuggets foreign [Music] activity and high thermal conductivity graphite also conducts electric current well which is why it's used to make current collectors in Trolley buses or electrodes in batteries it is not originally that besides regular graphite which is synthesized by heating up Coke or almost pure carbon with vestiges of petroleum refining processes there also exists so-called parolita carbon which is synthesized by heating up butane or propane to 1500 degrees Celsius in vehicle this method of synthesis makes the properties of such obtained graphite more similar to zoos over recently discard graphene for instance thermal conductivity of pyrolytic carbon is several times higher than that of regular graphite which is why if you hold a piece of such graphite in your hand you can easily slice through ice cubes with a wound of your hand besides having higher thermal and electric conductivity such graphite is also the best damage genetic material in the world in other words it gets repealed by any magnetic field for instance if you take 9 manganes linked a special way and put a pyrolytic carbon circle on them it will be able to levitate almost indefinitely until the magnetic field ceases to exist of course the levitation isn't very strong and can hardly be compared to a Quantum locking but still such a levitating Circle can even hold a small rate [Music] besides thin paralytic circles I also managed to get this thick piece of paralytic graphite at auction with it levitation should look even more impressive for this purpose I assembled such a setup with three new Diva magnets suspended above the piece of graphite now I'm putting a smaller edema magnet on the surface of the paralytic graphite what we are observing is to spend it in mid-air [Music] foreign magnets about it they are trying to pull this small magnet Cube which is suspended above the Surface by the magnetic force pushing it away from the piece of graphite thus we can imitate Quantum locking even at room temperature and without using liquid nitrogen also we can use this piece of pearly to graphite to produce graphene Itself by just peeling off layer after layer the obtained graphene has the highest thermal conductivity in the world and can even be used to make the most efficient thermal paste in the world in the future it will be even more efficient than a liquid metal consisting of an alley of indom and gallium however even the expensive graphene consist in 10 euros for one gram cannot be compared to the enormous price of another form of carbon which is Diamond because all carbon atoms in Diamond crystalline grid are connected with each other there is trans structure gives this material amazing properties besides being the hardest natural known substance on the earth diamonds also have extremely high thermal conductivity and the highest refractive index this is precisely why cut diamonds change so intensively when light by direct sunlight however know your RC not rail Diamond but rather caught more Sunny crystals which are synthetic silicon carbides in other words compounds of carbon and silicon such fake diamonds because hundreds of times less than real diamonds and it's extremely hard to distinguish them from real diamonds with a naked eye because of their similar refractive indexes so why are rings with diamonds are so expensive in shops because it seems like besides being extremely hot there is nothing else remarkable about these carbon crystals that's because of the monopolistic company called the beers which in the early 20th century controlled 97 percent of all mine diamonds in the world which is why it could set any prices for the shiny pieces of carbon after they hugely successful campaign called a diamond is forever run by DBS in the 1940s cut diamonds turned from luxury products into traditional no gifts without which nowadays it's hard to imagine weddings and engagements that's why I advise all my viewers not to be trigged by the monopolists and not to buy the overpriced pieces of carbon which can hardly be used for anything else besides cutting glass speaking of glass cutting most of synthetic diamonds are used in this industry and there are not as overpriced as a natural occurring diamonds although their properties are just the same as those of their hugely expensive fail of diamonds for instance a polo crystalline diamond is used in this glass cutter and it almost doesn't get blunt and can cut glass for many years also notice synthetic diamonds are widely used as abrasive materials for instance in soles used for saving glass and concrete artificial diamonds consist of the very same carbon and it's almost impossible to visually distinguish a real diamond from a well-made synthetic diamond but still most synthetic diamonds have available stint because of nitrogen impurities in their cholesterol and grid if you happen to have a white artificial Diamond there are two ways you can distinguish it from a real one the first method is the easiest you need to point ultraviolet light at both stones for instance here I have mixed up some natural diamonds with artificial ones and also with mosa knights we can see that some natural diamonds containing Boron impurities are shining in the ultraviolet light these ones are certainly real after that you need to completely switch off the light and light all the diamonds with ultraviolet light as intensely as possible real carbon diamonds will be glown with faint reddish color which shows that they are made of pure carbon for instance most tonight won't glow no matter how long you point ultraviolet light at it which shows that it's fake it's not worthy that depending on their impurities many diamonds glow highly brightly and beautifully in Ultra red light as can be seen from this stand in the Natural History Museum in London I even read to image in the price of this collection besides using an UV light torch there is another method of telling if a diamond is real it's such a device for tasting precious stones for comparison purposes I need our two natural diamonds one artificial Diamond I'm also night a sapphire and an extremely hard zirconium oxide bearing in a row also for comparison purposes at the end of the row I added a piece of regular graphite upon conducting first test the gaininess of the first two diamonds was confirmed just as it was supposed to be and the device showed the maximum reading I didn't get what exactly the device measured maybe it was terminal or electrical conductivity after that I checked the small synthetic diamond and the reading was lower than that of the natural diamonds that's why you can distinguish synthetic diamonds from natural ones using this method it's worth to have note than when I tasted the mosa Knight the device indicated that it's a diamond and the same thing happened when I tasted the sapphire which like diamond has high hardness and thermal conductivity the only thing that was detected as fake was ceramic bearing and it even came as a surprise the device also called distinguished graphite from a natural diamond which is my opinion at least partly suggests that the device is useless evidently to confirm the genuineness of a diamond two methods need to be used which means that the testing device needs to be using then an UV light torch and perhaps density of the precious stones will need to be measured too for more precise results nevertheless just I said earlier graphite carbon and diamonds are made of carbon atoms as the only difference is the inner structure of the substance that's why just like regular coal diamonds are supposed to burn well I decided to run an experiment to test this property I took a quartz tube and put three small diamonds into it and started blowing pure oxygen Freud to make the diamonds burn I'm hitting up this section of the tube with a gas burner and after that while the left is just to wait some time later the temperature reached a critical point and the first diamond started burning with a highly bright yellow flame and started looking more like a nugget of scorched metal than a burning substance the other diamonds started burning too several seconds later turns out diamonds in a stream of pure oxygen burn just as well as coal and just several seconds later these three precious stones vanished Without a Trace as a result no matter how expensive and beautiful AKA diamond is it can easily be burned and thousands of Euros can be turned into a small amount of carbon dioxide which caused almost nothing it's not worth the diamonds on Earth were formed out of ancient carbon dioxide which in the course of a million of years sank from the Earth's atmosphere into various minerals and hydrocarbons which under the influence of enormous pressure and heat as a depth of half kilometer turned into one of today's most precious stones on the earth since we have mentioned the so-called carbon circle let's see how carbon dioxide could form not only diamonds but also entire Rock masses from carbon deposies the thing is about 4 billion years ago after our planet called off they own Earth's atmosphere was up to 20 percent carbon dioxide that's why it was impossible to release on Earth at that time because of such a high concentration of carbon dioxide in the air it dissolved very well in seawater that's why ancient oceans taste like slightly carbonated water along with that many minerals for instance minerals containing calcium ions were washed away from the young Earth's crust by the way they reacted well with a slightly carbonated water in fact just as well as the process of enriching calcium hydroxide solution with carbon dioxide as a result the reaction produces calcium carbonate or Limestone and in the course of millions of years there formed huge Rock masses all over the world in some places this process is still happening for instance in Turkish water rich with carbon dioxide and calcium pounds dries and leaves behind Snow White Limestone deposits which look like something otherworldly as a result the deposited sediment feels like chalk to the touch which in the course of millions of years shaped by pressure and heat can turn into marble which like shark consists of calcium carbonate when reacting with certain Aces for instance such as hydrochloric acid marble can produce carbon dioxide such as how the Lesser carbon circle closed on the ancient yawn Earth has obtained carbon dioxide is much heavier than air and it can easily be collected into a regular Beaker I think you already know that carbon dioxide handles burning because carbon in its composition is already oxidized that's why I mesh very quickly blows out in such a medium however for other chemicals this medium can be even better than a regular air for instance for magnesium if you ignite magnesium in the ear it will burn with a very bright flame simply burn it into magnesium oxide but if you do the same thing in carbon dioxide medium the Magnesium will burn even brighter Robin carbon dioxide of oxygen and turning it into a regular carbon it's worth of note that it is possible to transition carbon dioxide from a gaseous state to a solid state making so-called dry ice which will never melt under atmospheric pressure that's because of the special phase diagrams of carbon dioxide which can be in a liquid state only under the immense pressure of about 70 atmospheric pressures like in this ampule it is not worthy that if we slightly Heat this ample with a hair dryer to a 40 degree celsius then the carbon dioxide will transition to a rather unusual supercritical Point becoming nasal gas nor liquid after cooling off the substance turns into liquid carbon dioxide again which looks quite mesmerized [Music] [Applause] in the air solid carbon dioxide immediately turns into gas this process is also known as sublimation which is why it's called dry the reaction between dry ice and the water is quite beautiful it creates thick fog made of water vapor and cold carbon dioxide when running such experiments it's important to ventilate the facility Well because in large amounts carbon dioxide is hazardous to people but still for instance for such Metals as magnesium dry ice is the best meter for burning because when ignited along with dry ice mechanism turns into a sort of miniature Sun foreign [Music] was so high that it even set my background on fire that's why I don't advise you to repeat such experiments besides magnesium some living creatures also like carbon dioxide on our own planet for instance 2 and a half billion years ago the first cyanobacteria on the earth appeared and they started using carbon dioxide and water as a source of energy and started multiplying rapidly in the medium of concentrated carbon dioxide on our planet it is mostly of note that this is what harmed them because oxygen released by cyanobacteria as a result of photosynthesis turn out to be toxic for them which is why back then there happened an oxygen revolution on the earth which significantly changed the biosphere on their own Earth it is not worthy that besides playing a part in the creation of many forms of living organisms carbon also formed these organisms binding with other other items of such elements as for instance nitrogen hydrogen and sulfur but why is carbon still the main building block of all living organisms on the earth for instance white is not silicon which is from the same group of elements as carbon and which is even more abundant than carbon the thing is from All chemical elements it is on the carbons that can create so many stable chemical bonds with other elements for instance a bond between carbon atom is a rather thermodynamically stable just as bonds between hydrogen nitrogen and oxygen atoms that is why many carbon containing organic substances are highly stable and do not break down not when affected by heat like a mixture of heavy hydrocarbons called oil tar which is used to make asphalt besides forming four single bonds carbon can also form double triple and even polycyclic Bonds in which this chemical element will be the main linking element consumer is a property of carbon to form both soluble and insoluble compounds in water came in handy in the creation of Life which gave an incredible diversity and wideness for evolution processes because I wish we have evolved from simplest bacteria as a result of billions of years of competition between molecules speaking of silicon this chemical element doesn't stand a chance in competing with the chemical diversity of carbon for example the bonds between silicon atoms are weaker than those between carbon atoms and silicon doesn't even bond with hydrogens at well for instance if you add sulfuric acid does such a compound as magnesium silicides the reaction between them will release a gas called silane which is made of silicon atoms bound with four hydrogen atoms in the air this gas is highly unstable and immediately suffixed turning into silicon dioxide or into regular side in the form of smoke because the bonds between silicon and oxygen atoms are much stronger by comparison methane which is found in natural gas and consists of hydrogen and carbon atoms is highly stable in the air that's why unlike silent it easily volatileysis and don't self-ignite when we turn out the stove burner of course I can give harness more examples and make this video significantly longer but it comes down to the fact that the existence of silicon-based life is impossible in our conditions maybe this could be possible on other planets in some highly strange conditions but as a chemist I'm highly skeptical about it just because in accordance with the laws of physics and chemistry carbon has a huge amount of advantages over silicon just like in real life those who adapt better and also the whole win and in these other elements are simply no mesh for carbon nevertheless carbon can create bonds not just with non-metals but also with some active metals for instance if you take a mixture of activated carbon and magnesium powder and heat it up then sell for magnesium carbide this property is slightly similar to Zeus a well-known calcium carbide which when reacting with water releases A flammable gas called acetylene thus I obtained an organic carbon compound using the reaction of an inorganic compound with water which is yet another class of chemicals for which carbon plays a major role the thing is our entire civilization also offs our high living standards through carbon or rather to those very hydrocarbons which we extract from the Earth's interior every day oil natural gas and coal are huge energy sources in the form of reduced carbon that's why this element happened to be very useful in this respect too it's a beautiful that in the last 100 years Humanity has got so used to using this readily available energy source that we have completely forgotten about the reaction products or burning hydrocarbons that is about water and carbon dioxide which have accumulated in rather large quantities in the atmosphere in recent years creating the greenhouse effect on the earth it's not worth that in their last report the U.S government mentioned global warming caused by the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere as one of the main tourists to America rather than the trade of a possible nuclear catastrophe and the current events that's why it's rather ironic how after giving us life carbon can take it away from us if we treat it not so seriously so I think after watching this video you'll know more about such an element as carbon and if you liked it don't forget to give this video a thumbs up and subscribe to my channel to see many more new and interesting [Music]

Channel: Thoisoi2 - Chemical Experiments!

Views: 140,930

Keywords: Carbon, chemical element, strange element, carbon properties, diamond, graphite, graphene, diamond burning, carbon dioxide, origin of life, organic chemistry, chemistry experiments, carbon compounds, carbonate, carbon cycle, experiments, Thoisoi channel

Id: gmKlSBT_ITk

Length: 25min 46sec (1546 seconds)

Published: Sat Nov 19 2022