I’m proud to present -- coming straight
to you from a beautiful villa in Rome, Italy. The world’s very first… noodle chair! A portion of this video was sponsored by LastPass. Now let’s go. Vsauce! Kevin here, with a very simple engineering
project. All you need is a foam disk, some spaghetti
and suddenly you’re demonstrating the compressive strength that allows tiny rods of pasta to
hold up the weight of a hardcover book. When I saw this, I thought to myself, “What
if I’m the book? Can pasta hold me?” And then LastPass came along and they said,
“Kevin we’d like to work with you on creating your dream video.” And I said, “My dream is to build a noodle
chair in Italy.” And they said, “Haha. No, but really.” And I said, “Haha. Yes, but really.” So I’m gonna do it. I am literally going to fly to Italy and build
a chair out of noodles. While I travel over 4,000 miles to Rome let
me thank LastPass for sponsoring this video. If you don’t know about LastPass -- I use
it for all my logins. I was tired of forgetting passwords, getting
locked out of accounts, or dealing with websites that have different rules on what a password
could even be. So I got LastPass and now it automatically
fills my usernames and passwords everywhere. Safely and securely. With unlimited password storage and cross
device sync. Thanks again to LastPass for sponsoring this
portion of the video. So if you wanna eliminate your password frustrations
forever, click the link down in the description below. I am in Rome. And if you’re gonna build a chair out of
noodles you need to bring in the big guns. So I’ve flown in two competitors from the
World Spaghetti Bridge Building Championship in Budapest, Hungary. Introducing… Norbert Laky. And Jonathan Lakatos. They’re here from Óbuda University to represent
RECCS -- the annual World Championships in Spaghetti Building. Where using just spaghetti and epoxy, competitors
build bridges that support hundreds of times their own weight. These goliaths of gluten truly are pasta engineers. And it’s time to procure the noodles they
need to hold my heinie. We all jumped in a taxi from the villa to
the supermarket to get our pasta. I mean, we’re in Italy… there’s no reason
to bring your own noodles from home, right? Wrong. That was a mistake. In the World Championships, Johnny and Norbi
use pure durum wheat pasta for its amazing strength. They panicked when all they could find at
the market was cannelloni with egg added to it. It honestly never occurred to me that an entire
aisle filled with pasta wouldn’t have what the guys were looking for. But it didn’t. Kevin: What are you looking for? What is the difference? Norbi: This without eggs. Kevin: Without eggs? What’s plan B? *Nervous Laughter* We kindly asked an employee to help us find
eggless noodles, but even with the language barrier it was pretty clear that we weren’t
going to find the cannelloni we needed. Here’s why it’s a problem. Egg is added to pasta to help give it a yellow
color, to add some additional nutritional value, and to influence water absorption. But it also changes the pasta’s structure. Egg noodles are more brittle than what Norbi
and Johnny usually use. In materials science, brittleness matters:
it’s the measure of how much stress a material can absorb before breaking. Durum wheat? Strong. Egg? Ehhhhhh. But we just didn’t have any other choice. It was egg or nothing. Our only course of action was to grab life
by the yolks and call upon Ceres, the Roman Goddess of agriculture and wheat, to bless
our egg-fortified noodles. If our pleas go unanswered, what’s the worst
that could happen? I fall through the chair and break my tailbone? Okay that would be bad. Please hold, egg cannelloni! Please! Alright, so we’re back from the store on
our epic pasta run and here’s what we’ve got! We’ve got five boxes of bucatini, sixteen
boxes of cannelloni, one box of lasagna, one bag of extra long spaghetti, five boxes of
epoxy, one tube of silicone, five boxes of super fast epoxy, a bag of silicone disks,
a pile of wooden support blocks, a digital caliper, various tools, and six metal dowels
that we supposed to be wooden dowels but uh… well, here’s a little reenactment of what
happened when we found out no one brought wooden dowels. Johnny: “Norbi, hand me a dowel.” Norbi: “I didn’t bring the dowels, did
you bring the dowels?” Johnny: “I thought you brought the dowels.” Kevin: “Why do you guys need dowels?” Johnny: “To make straight tubes like this.” Dom: “You could break my light stand apart
if you like!” Anyway, now that we have everything that we
need to create our magnificent noodle chair that means it’s time for one thing and one
thing only and that is.. to whip out our noodles. We’ve absorbed egg adversity. We’ve dealt with a dowel disaster. Against all odds… it was finally time to
start building our noodle chair. First, let’s talk about the sticky stuff. We’re using epoxy because it’s not a water-based
adhesive -- that way it won’t soak into the noodles and compromise their integrity. It also creates rigid joints that transfer
force to the noodles, because we want the noodles themselves to bear all the weight. A chair made entirely out of epoxy resin would
support thousands of pounds… but that kinda defeats the purpose of uhh.. what we’re
doing here. We want to push the limits of pasta… and
we don’t have a lot of time. Because epoxy takes a full 24 hours to cure,
Norbi and Johnny needed to build fast. So Norbi and Johnny started by building the
chair’s seat out of meticulously-selected pieces of cannelloni, a cylindrical noodle
that’s often filled with ricotta cheese. We’re not, however, gonna fill our chair
with cheese. We’re not gonna fill our chair with cheese. They’ve gone through box after box to find
the best-shaped cannelloni so their grid of the most consistent noodles will have the
highest structural integrity -- y’know what they say, “One wonky noodle and we’ve
got a serious weak point.” Nobody says that. And that’s when a quality control calamity
struck. It turned out one brand of cannelloni was
almost completely worthless because nearly all of the noodles were misshapen… and most
of the nicely-shaped ones had cracks. We needed perfect cylinders, so in an instant,
our supply of materials was cut in half. At this point, we officially had no room for
error. The top and bottom layers are composed of
14 3-noodle-long rows, and the top layer is rotated 90 degrees to cross the grain like
a plywood composite. This increases the stiffness of the material,
which is a measure of its ability to resist deformation from an applied force. In this case, my butt. The seat will transfer the force to three
legs, each of which are comprised of three pipes of cannelloni. Every piece is sanded carefully so the joined
surfaces are as close to perfect as possible, and then they’re constructed into a tube
using our tripod-dowels as a mold and jig. The three tubes are then attached to make
a chair leg that distributes force through one of the strongest shapes in engineering:
an equilateral triangle. Norbi and Johnny worked straight through until
5am -- planning, measuring, grinding, and gluing -- until they finished what they needed
to. As the sun rose over Roma, the hard-working
Hungarians collapsed. Buongiorno! It is now day two. Noodle construction went on until 5am this
morning and the lingering question I have in my mind is this: Why does boiling pasta
turn a hard thing soft but boiling an egg turns a soft thing hard? Weirdly enough both processes are the result
of the same thing: water retention. Let’s start with the egg! The proteins in eggs, mostly albumen are compacted
with weak bonds. Think of them like balls of cord that don’t
really interact with each other. When heated, the collision with excited water
molecules causes them to all smash together and those bonds break, causing the proteins
to unfold. Then the unfolded proteins tangle all together
creating new bonds. There’s still a lot more water present than
protein, but the water is now divided up among countless little pockets in the continuous
protein network, so it can’t flow together any more, and thus a liquid egg has become
a moist solid. “Moist solid” sounds gross. Okay but why does boiling spaghetti make it
soft? Because it rehydrates the pasta. Oh okay, cool! Wait what does that mean? Well, uncooked pasta is basically a zillion
raw starch granules, embedded in a matrix of gluten protein. When cooked in water, starch granules at and
near the noodle surface absorb water, swell, soften, and release some dissolved starch
into the cooking water. This process is called gelatinization and
we can visualize this using super absorbent polymer spheres. Just imagine these spheres are the starch
granules inside the spaghetti rehydrating it into the soft delicious noodles ready for
saucing. Let’s get back to our chair. And Day 2 is when Johnny and Norbi radically
changed the chair’s design. Their original plan was to build a chair with
3 legs crossed in mutual support. Early on the second day, they decided on a
4th leg for a more traditional chair. That meant building another leg that we hoped
would dry and cure in time to be tested. Because with so many problems and gambles
already, why not push our luck? Then it was bucatini time. Bucatini is like a thick spaghetti with a
hole in the middle, so it was a perfect choice for a top layer for the seat that could evenly-distribute
downward force to the cannelloni layer. Johnny and Norbi braced the bucatini with
strips of lasagna for even more strength. OH. And a chair needs a back, doesn’t it? It does. They put together a simple open back with
rows of noodles similar to the seat. The joint between the back and the seat just
isn’t going to be very strong without many layers of lasagna, so this one’s gonna be…uhh
...delicate. But just as you’d expect, the legs are pretty
much everything when it comes to holding my weight. If the legs don’t work, the chair don’t
work. So, they attached the legs to the seat using
silicone pads to give a bit more surface area to make up for the gaps between the cannelloni. Then it was about leg-to-floor contact. They precision-sanded the feet to just the
right angle so that all 4 would rest evenly on the floor. If just one leg is too far off, the downward
force from my body will be distributed unevenly, which means the other legs will have to absorb
additional stress. And that’s bad. With the egg noodle uncertainty, a dwindling
supply of acceptable cannelloni, and the clock ticking on epoxy-curing time, they used extra-long
spaghetti to attach flat support beams between the four cannelloni legs. Look, when you’re quickly building a noodle
chair, every little bit helps. Here’s a question. WHY ARE WE USING CANNELLONI? We chose cannelloni because they’re a lot
like these Ionic columns from Greek and Roman architecture. Now when building noodle furniture, some of
the things to consider are: the noodle’s tensile strength, which is its ability to
resist tension that will elongate and break it. Then compressive strength, which is withstanding
force that compresses the noodle. And then its shear strength, which is its
ability to handle parallel forces acting upon it. It’s crunch time. It’s the 11th hour. The sun is going down soon and we need to
test this chair. We all have flights to catch. With the back assembled to the seat and the
legs as sturdy and precise as they can get from our incorrect noodles, we’re finally
ready to -- OH GOD THE BACK BROKE. Yeah, so, the back has just broken off our
noodle chair. We didn’t even see what happened. One minute it was great, the other minute
it was… not. We didn’t even get it on video because there
was nothing to film. We weren’t gonna record hours of glue drying. But Norbi and Johnny scrambled to re-attach
and reinforce the back so we’d be ready for testing. And finally to finish things off, we added
a little spaghetti flair. Hey, we’re in Italy, design matters. The Flavian Dynasty built Rome’s Colosseum. Michaelangelo painted the ceiling of the Sistine
Chapel in Vatican City. And here, in a cozy Roman villa, Norbi and
Johnny present to me their noodle chair. Johnny: “Well, there it is! We’re done, what do you think?” Norbi: “I hope it support you… I think it will.” I’m proud to present -- coming straight
to you from a beautiful villa in Rome, Italy. The world’s very first… noodle chair! To make this video, I assembled a team from
Budapest, Hungary, Bristol, England, Cooperstown, New York, and Las Vegas, Nevada. Collectively, we traveled 47,776 kilometers
-- that’s 7,701 kilometers more than the circumference of Earth -- to a 3 acre villa
in the heart of Rome, Italy. And we spent day and night building a chair
out of noodles. And now, for the very first time, none of
us have tested this yet. I’m gonna sit on it. And if it works, it works! If it doesn’t work... well…. Here we go! It works! It totally works! We have a noodle chair! Lean back, see what the back’s like. No, no, no, no! It totally worked! Great job, guys. Well… Now what!? What are you doing, Kevin? What are you doing? And as always -- thanks for watching! Thanks for watching. This is Hungarian engineering at its finest. It still works! Oh no. I gotta brace myself, it’s going down. Ohhhhh! Well, it turns out, if you dunk a noodle chair
in a pool and then sit on it, it will break. The end. Thanks to Norbi and Johnny, and the RECCS
World Spaghetti Building Championship. And huge thanks to Dom Burgess for shooting
this whole thing -- he has a science YouTube channel called Every Think. I’ll put a link down in the description
below. He’s got a video on how to build a time
machine, how when we find aliens they’ll be robots. You’ll wanna go subscribe to Every Think. If you liked this video, I mean, I thought
it was a lot of fun to make. Let me know if you’d like to see more stuff
like this. And as always… grazi for watching.
When the fuck did I sub to this subreddit