Bromine - THE UNIQUE LIQUID ELEMENT!

Hello everyone in this video, I am going to tell about such a dangerous and smelly element as bromine Which is an element which can exist in a liquid state under normal conditions In the periodic table of chemical elements bromine is located in the last but one group of halogens between chlorine and iodine That's because from the point of view of its chemical properties bromine is something between iodine and chloride Such properties of bromine later is discovered in 1825 when two scientists extracted this same element from aqueous solution with the help of chlorine solution Independently of each other this same experiment can be repeated today I am using a weak solution of potassium bromide with a small amount of chlorine bleach Along with hydrochloric acid as a result this reaction produces elemental bromine Which is why the color of the solution? changed to pale brown if to add some toluene or purified petrol the bromine from the aqueous solution rise to the top organic layer because such nonpolar solvents as toluene dissolve bromine better than water does however, when this element was discovered scientists in have pure potassium bromide solution Benzene is a first discoverers of this element used water from local springs Reach-in bromine ions one liter of this water Contains up to 60 milligrams of bromine these elements compounds get into water from rocks Where they are easily washed away by streams of water if water constantly evaporates Concentration of bromide ions will be gradually growing because of bromine large atomic radius Which doesn't fit with crystalline degrees of other minerals for instance such as sodium fluoride That is why nowadays Most of bro main is extracted from saltwater in the Dead Sea in Israel or from bronze in the deserts of the United States Just like 200 years ago today elementary bromine is mostly extracted in laboratories from Brahmas for instance from the most widespread bromine containing salt potassium bromide to Extract bromine. I poured 50 grams of sodium bromide into a flask After that, I proceeded to make an oxidizer in order to oxidize bromine salt in the elementary bromine I decided to use a mixture of concentrated sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide Which is also known as perennial solution upon mixing of sulfuric acid with hydrogen peroxide The liquid hits off. That is why I decided to cool it off in a bowl with ice After cooling, I poured this extreme mixture into a dropping funnel to better control speed of the reaction Upon reaction of potassium bromide with a drop of this mixture the flask fills with bromine vapours Which boil because of the high temperature this reaction produces Upon adding more liquid bromine stars volatilizing from the flask filling the fume hood with smelly vapors fortunately, I cut out my experiment using a powerful fume hood because bromine vapors are very toxic and if you Accidentally breathe in such an orange cloud. You can easily say goodbye to your lungs Besides the very name of the element bromine is derived from the Greek word BrahMos, which means thinking in reality Bromine smells like something between iodine and chlorine like chlorine bleach But it has a sharper smell after this bromine clouds began forming I noticed that the mixture in the flask was overheating and most of the freshly extracted bromine Volatilizing in order not to lose the spray shows nonmetal, which I will need for other experiments I put the flask in Taba with icy water and Continued adding the oxidation mixture in sometimes they'll condense drops of elemental bromine in the flask Which either floated of the surface of the liquid or sank to the bottom? The whole process of extracting bromine took 15 minutes after that. I let the mixture cool down more Since bromine density is three times the density of water It's sent to the bottom now We just need to separate it the mixture still contained left our hydrogen peroxide which is why it formed Early the toxin bromine wakers as you figured under normal conditions Bromine is a liquid that is why it was a very easy to separate it from the leftover reaction mixture with the help of a syringe Because of the relatively low bullet temperature of 60 degrees Celsius liquid bromine Quickly evaporates at room temperature filling the flask with the same orange vapor To me bromine vapors looked very much like nitrogen dioxide I guess which for instance forms when copper reacts with nitric acid The only difference is the smell bromine smell is sharper and stronger However, I think those who constantly compare smells of toxic chemicals Don't live long as you understood bromine does not dissolved Well in water instead, it creates bromine water Which is a mixture of hydrobromic acid and Berber Ohmic acid with elemental bromine left overs such a solution Also formed in the left our reaction mixture. It is prohibited to pour such a mixture into a sink That is why I decided to neutralize it in a 10% alkaline solution, which is sodium hydroxide the liquid CLO color quickly fades away Let us get back to our fresh extracted liquid bromine just as all other halogens This one is a strong oxidizer as this property of bromine can be demonstrated if we drop a small ball of aluminum foil into a test tube with one milliliter of bromine the reaction starts in a few seconds and Is quite active I have conducted many different experiments with different elements However, this reaction seems to be the most colorful When the reaction is over what's left is a test tube is Aluminum bromide and when water is added to it It breaks down into aluminium hydroxide and hydrogen bromide, which is breaking out of the test Tube is a form of a thick white smoke however, generally in laboratories Bromine is not used for such colorful Reactions it is most frequently used for organic synthesis Pure bromine is stored in glass ampules It seems to me that this ampule is twice my age. However in this form bromine can be stored practically forever because in a closed container It can not react with anything such an amp you can easily be opened with a regular pliers Later, you can feel a medical syringe with it as I mentioned before Bromine is frequently used in organic chemistry one of the most classic Experiments with this nonmetal is a reaction between bromine and aniline which is an oily liquid which smells like burning arising however Due to the long storage time, son of aniline is a bottle has oxidized it into an eland black that is why we decided to purify annalen by distilling it for the reaction with bromide and healing boils at 184 degrees Celsius and to simplify the distillation process We assembled a device for Wakeham distillation in the laboratory Liquids air will be flowing under a reduced pressure We decided to heat the contaminated aniline with a heat gun in order for the liquid in the test tube Notable to much to make it boil It's enough to heat it to 86 degrees Celsius because when pressure is reduced the boiling temperature of a liquid also reduces Wafers of the pure annealing began rising up towards the condenser after condensation For your colorless liquid Annalee ready for the reaction with bromine I also dissolved aniline in water in order for the reaction to run less turbulently upon adding a drop of bromine to the in solution There immediately formed the yellowish drip aroma and in sediment is a test tube if we use more annalen than necessary Reaction will be to turn violent heated the mixture to extremely hot temperatures but not all reactions between bromine and organic chemicals run as smoothly as a reaction between bromine and anally for instance such a substance as benzene doesn't react well with Bromine when benzene and bromine are mixed together almost nothing happens Benzene doesn't give its electrons to bromine molecules to start the reaction We need a catalyst which speed up reactions up several hundred times a regular iron powder Serve as a catalyst in this reaction and immediately starts reacting with bromine forming iron free bromide This chemical helps bromine molecule rip an electron of carbon atom in the benzene molecule As a result of this reaction is an extra quickly heats up and starts boiling early in the reaction product bromobenzene creating a whole cloud of hydrogen bromide In other top reviews at this history in the hydrogen bromide being released and pushed a stick soaked in ammonia solution Into the test tube with a reaction mixture when I do this their forms White ammonium bromide smoke the freshly formed bromobenzene Contains bromine inclusions and remove the remaining bromine Inclusions with the help of baking soda as a result as air formed a heavy oily liquid With an intense almond aroma which is bromobenzene Which can be used for further organic reactions in the end I'd like to show a reaction with a bromine compound potassium bromate Although the substance is a pretty toxic and also cancer genic and in some countries for instance in the United States It is used as a food additive to improve the texture of doubt for instance when baking bread Aoife means this chemical with sugar and add a drop of concentrated sulfuric acid Is a mixture will self ignite And we'll be burnin with a bright pink and blue flame Fortunately, his concentration in bread is really low in order for it to self ignite However, potassium bromide which forms later on isn't good for health either The thing is when bromide ions constantly interfere with brain neurons They tend to slow down nerve impulses transmission Thus causing some psychological disorders such as psychosis insomnia and other mental Confusions fortunately in many countries potassium bromide is not allowed to be used in the food industry. I think Today you have learned enough about such an interesting element as bromine and if you liked this video Don't forget to give it a thumbs up and subscribe to my channel to see many more new and interesting

Channel: Thoisoi2 - Chemical Experiments!

Views: 374,840

Keywords: bromine, element bromine, bromine chemistry, bromide, liquid bromine, liquid nonmetal, bromine video, nonmetals, liquid element, bromine extraction, chemical elements, potassium bromate, reaction with bromine, bromine and aluminium, bromine vapours, oxidation, inorganic chemistry, element chemistry, chemistry video, aniline, bromination of aniline, bromination of benzene, Thoisoi

Id: 1CtnJtYcm_M

Length: 12min 29sec (749 seconds)

Published: Sat Nov 30 2019