Birthday Cinemarathon with Gifts! Submarines

captains i'm pleased to welcome you back to our cinema for the naval legends marathon which includes the best episodes of our series in honor of the fifth anniversary of world of warships this is the final episode of the marathon tomorrow is our anniversary all bonus codes from previous episodes are still active so don't forget to grab them and claim your gifts the marathon's rules and rewards are described in detail on our website the link is in the description the final episode of our marathon is dedicated to a special ship type that will join battles in our game in the future yes i'm talking about submarines these fragile and cautious hunters played an important role in naval operations in the first half of the 20th century their objectives and tactics differ from those of typical surface battles which is why it's not an easy task to implement the new ship type in the game smoothly submarine battles were tested in the game recently and we'd like to thank all those players who took part and provided feedback our work on this unique ship type is ongoing now let's start the show with legendary german submarine u995 enjoy in his memoirs dedicated to world war ii winston churchill wrote that the only thing that made him worry about great britain losing the war to germany with the german submarines in the small town labo in northern germany the last surviving type 7 submarine stands solitary on the beach it was this submarine type that worried winston churchill and posed the most severe threat to shipping in the atlantic ocean at the beginning of the 1940s [Music] strictly forbade germany from designing building or possessing submarines all this was forbidden [Music] nevertheless in order to preserve their school of underwater shipbuilding and build upon the experience gained in world war one the shipbuilding design bureau was registered in 1922 in the hay with german engineers as members of its staff this firm offered many countries the possibility to purchase projects of submarines developed on the basis of the german world war one submarine ub3 [Music] simultaneously they were working on the projects of so-called mobilization submarines the largest submarine was called type 1 while a submarine with smaller displacement of 500 tons evolved to become the type 7 project the idea was that if and when germany entered a war all the restrictions imposed by the treaty of versailles would naturally become obsolete and submarines of this type could be built very quickly in large quantities the further development of type 7 submarines and their construction became possible thanks to a naval treaty signed between germany and great britain in 1935. this treaty allowed germany to have a navy of a total tonnage not greater than one-third of that of the british navy as for submarines germany was given the right to have a fleet equal to the british one the important thing was that this submarine was very easy to construct thanks to its design which allowed for extensive use of welding enormous numbers of these boats could be constructed in a relatively short period of time despite the design of type 7 submarines repeating concepts from world war 1 this ship had great potential for further modernization thus subtypes a and b appeared which differed from each other only in their details the general concept of a medium submarine with a displacement of 700 tons remain unchanged a submarine can only have well-balanced characteristics up to some specific dimensions if it's a large submarine it starts to have control issues when underwater it also has problems with surfacing submerging and excess trim differences all this leads to a reduction in a submarine's overall maneuverability considering that maneuverability is no less important than combat capability engineers added an important improvement to subtype b the double vertical rudder this allowed them to considerably reduce the turning circle radius which provided certain tactical advantages [Music] when the mass production of type 7 submarines began they received the designation 7c in this case there were two subtypes as well namely 7c 41 and c42 specifications of submarine u-995 type 7 stroke 41 1943 length more than 67 meters beam more than 6 meters mean draft 4.7 meters submerged displacement 871 tons with this modification the boat's hull was made longer by one frame spacing to accommodate new sonar it's 60 centimeters adding only one frame allowed for a 20 ton increase in the fuel reserves as well but it had a negative impact on speed the submarine lost about half a knot from its submerged speed it's a side tank submarine her aft and bow ends side bulges and deck superstructure with the conning towers railing were welded to the pressure hull maximum diameter of the pressure hull almost five meters thickness of the pressure hull 18.5 to 21.5 millimeters the submarine's pressure hull is divided into six compartments first forward torpedo room second forward battery compartment with commanding officers cabins on the deck third control room with conning tower on top of it this is where the captain was situated during an attack the control room was also the shelter compartment and surrounded by concave bulkheads that are able to withstand pressure up to 10 atmospheres this is the pressure found at a depth of about a hundred meters fourth living quarters with the galley the second group of batteries was located in its hold fifth diesel compartment sixth aft torpedo room two electric motors were also installed here the main ballast went into five tanks two at the ends in the outer hull two inside the bulges and the last one in the pressure hull under the third compartment's deck three tanks could be used to store fuel armament five torpedo launchers caliber 533 millimeters ammunition 14 torpedoes the g7e electric torpedo german submariners nicknamed it the eel it's noteworthy that it was developed in 1929 however the design turned out to be so successful the various modifications of it were manufactured until 1944. the latest versions of the torpedo were self-guided and equipped with a heating system inside the launcher which allowed it to travel up to a distance of 7.5 kilometers at a speed of 30 knots artillery armament initially these submarines carried the sk c stroke 35 gun with a caliber of 88 millimeters however with the changing nature of combat anti-aircraft armament began to appear on sevens from 1942 onwards u-995 had the following flak m42u cannon caliber 37 millimeters two flak 38 auto cannons caliber 20 millimeters power plant two diesel engines with a total power of 3200 horsepower two electric engines 750 horsepower each two groups of accumulator batteries 62 elements each for this modification the power plant was rearranged to free up 11.5 tons of displacement this allowed engineers to increase the pressure hull's thickness as a result the operating depth increased to 120 meters and the maximum depth reached 300 meters the boat was equipped with a special system that allowed her diesel engines to work underwater a snorkel maximum surface speed 17 knots maximum submerged speed 7.6 knots operating range surfaced 8 500 miles at 10 knots submerged 80 miles at 4 knots endurance 40 days [Music] everything was sacrificed to increase the combat capability of the ship two people shared one bunk and some even slept on torpedoes all available space was taken up by provisions and even one of the lavatories wasn't used during the first week of a combat cruise because it was stuffed full of food supplies to complete the picture imagine how the air those people breathed was a mixture of diesel engine exhaust and kitchen smells spiced with a dense aroma of cologne which submariners generously apply to themselves as they had no means to bathe properly crews spent a long time in training to perfect all the maneuvers on their submarines a large number of torpedoes were provided for training generally they made tens of torpedo launches under varying conditions that's why when a submarine sailed out on a combat patrol it was business as usual for them they had already carried out all the potential operations multiple times and could perform their tasks automatically this allowed them to achieve great results this bunk is somewhat bigger than the rest obviously it's where the captain would sleep it's unclear if he ever managed to get a good night's sleep because even when he was resting he was aware of all the events happening inside and outside the boat the radio and sonar room are just opposite his cabin when the situation required his urgent presence in the control room the captain only needed to take a couple of steps to get there this is the horizontal rudder control station the rudders were driven electrically but there was a backup hydraulic system in place when the order to submerge was given the operators would set the rudders to the necessary position these valves controlled the main ballast they would be opened gradually as the submarine reached a certain difference which was controlled with the help of this device quite often an unusual trick was used to speed up the submergence all the off-duty crew members at that moment would quickly run into the bow compartment all these actions were perfected during training so in a battle a well-prepared crew could bring their submarine from the surface position to a depth of 10 meters in 25 to 27 seconds this was considered the best result in the world at that time [Music] [Music] in the summer of 1939 german leadership formulated the main strategic objective for the german navy the destruction of british merchant shipping torpedo armed submarines were the best candidates to do this and the more numerous they were the sooner this objective would be completed on september 3 u30 sank british liner ss athenia thus began world war ii at sea the liners torpedoing gave a certain reputation to type seven submarines and to the entire german underwater fleet the allies began to arm civilian ships with artillery to fight against submarines in response germany declared unrestricted submarine warfare and started the mass production of submarines torpedo launches on sevens were not very different from their analogues used by the navies of other countries however they had a number of interesting features for example torpedoes were pushed out with the help of a pneumatic piston which gave the advantage of a bubble-free torpedo launch a torpedo could also be programmed with the necessary course speed and depth without taking it out of the tube this was done with the help of a mechanical system connecting to external sockets on a torpedo the required parameters could be set both here and from the central control room type 7 submarines were easy to control reliable cheap to build and had a good balance of combat and operational qualities although by their design features these boats weren't meant for prolonged combat use their unique characteristics such as dive speed and maximum submergence depth made them practically invulnerable so by the beginning of world war ii the german navy had at their disposal arguably the best weapon to wage underwater war as well as perfectly trained crews and only one person knew how to use them to achieve maximum results was an experienced submarine commander during world war one he carried out many successful operations in the mediterranean from the very beginning in 1935 he made a significant impact on the development of the german underwater fleet he developed the tactics that would later be used by submarines including the so-called wolf pack tactic each submarine was assigned a position and the entire group formed a line that crossed the expected route of a convoy the width of this curtain and the distance between submarines resulted in a high probability of the discovery of a passing convoy by at least one boat the data on the location and of course of a convoy could also be obtained by radio reconnaissance or aviation all the information was gathered by an operations center on the shore which coordinated the actions of the group and sent all nearby submarines to attack a convoy once a submarine discovered a convoy she would send its position to the center and continue tracking the target staying at a safe distance from it in the night she would make a dash towards the convoy surface and deliver a torpedo strike during this she remained invisible the visibility is very poor at night so you would need to search for her need to discover her unlike destroyers after an attack she didn't need to retreat she just dived and that's it you couldn't see her she then moved to another position to deliver another strike and as there would be many submarines and they all attacked almost simultaneously it caused the convoys escort ships to spread out so they would attack one submarine and another appeared chasing the second submarine a third one would emerge like this subs got closer and closer to the convoy which remained virtually defenseless and this all resulted in a very serious loss of tonnage it meant that you could quickly and efficiently destroy convoys [Music] on october 17 1940 u-boat u-38 discovered the sc-7 convoy the sub sent the convoys coordinates to dernitz's headquarters in l'oreal they were immediately forwarded to all the submarines patrolling that area throughout the following day gathering submarines attacked three ships from the convoy at the same time the only escort ship british hms scarborough was reinforced with sloops hms foe and hms leith and corvettes hms bluebell and hmt's heartsies by the end of the day seven submarines shadowed the convoy [Music] the night of october 18 to 19 was ideal for underwater predators with a full moon and calm sea around 2100 u-46 fired four torpedoes at cargo ships convaleria and beetus hms leith rushed to find the attacking submarine driving the boat off the ship sailed several miles away from the convoy at this moment u-101 torpedo transport kriekerk the vessel loaded with iron ore quickly sank closer to 2200 u-99 commanded by otto kretschmer fired her first torpedo salvo ss empire miniver steamed at full speed but it didn't save her one of krechma's torpedoes struck her engine room and the vessel lost propulsion and started to sink quickly escort ships rushed about among the spreading cargo ships trying to get them together meanwhile u-99 made its way to the formation center and struck the convoy ship at point-blank range without even aiming here's how kretschmer described those events in his battle log 2230 firing from the forward launcher at a heavily loaded transport the torpedo misses but hits another even larger ship of about 7 000 tons the vessel sinks bow first 23 55 launching a torpedo at a large dry cargo ship a hit a vow section is destroyed up to her bridge 0015 and constantly hearing the explosions of torpedoes launched by our submarines destroyers rush about and fire star shells explode from time to time but to no purpose 0-138 firing from the forward launcher a hit the vessel sinks 0-155 firing a hit the ship sinks in 40 seconds around midnight cargo ship assyrian with the convoys commodore on board spotted a german submarine directly in front of them some 90 meters away in an attempt to ram the enemy boat the steamer engaged full speed ahead but soon found herself far from the convoy and without any defenses at 122 the vessel was torpedoed by u101 at around 5-0-0 in the morning u-123 used her artillery to finish off transport clintonia which has been abandoned by her crew the gunners got so excited that they almost fired at kretschmer's u-99 that happened to be nearby at sunrise the submarines left having sunk 20 and damaged six of 30 cargo ships the following night convoy hx79 sailed through that same area it consisted of 49 transports and 12 escort ships despite quite strong defenses five german submarines managed to sink 12 vessels from the caravan in the course of several hours as a result in three days the germans had routed two allied convoys without losing a single submarine in historical literature dedicated to the operations of german u-boats the period from summer of 1940 through the end of spring 1942 is often called happy times then dernis is lions as the german propaganda called submariners were the only masters of the atlantic 1942 was the year of the greatest triumph for the sevens german submarines managed to sink more than two million tons of allied shipping that year at that time the kriegsmarine had 330 type 7 new boats while it had entered the war with only 57 of them german shipbuilders launched a new seven every two days nevertheless in 1943 the allies began to gradually press durnitz's lions at sea bringing their defeats closer a special anti-submarine command for the atlantic ocean was created under admiral king it dealt only with anti-submarine warfare without any distractions that was the organizational side there was a technical side as well allied fleets started to receive large numbers of anti-submarine ships they were armed with compact sonar anti-submarine mortars and hydroacoustic stations all these allowed each individual ship to discover submarines chase them down on the basis of their own data and deliver strikes quicker and with more precision so that the german submarines simply didn't have time to evade them defeat in the underwater war wasn't a sudden event but rather a gradual development however it all happened in quite a short period of time all these measures brought great results in may 1943 the allies sank more german submarines in one day than the transports they had managed to torpedo between 1935 and 1945 709 type 7 submarines were built 546 of them were lost in combat operations and 65 were scuttled by their own crews at the end of the war the fate of the surviving submarines was decided by the allies at the potsdam conference from november 1945 through january 1946 near scotland operation deadlight was carried out in its course more than 100 german submarines were destroyed either with explosive charges or by artillery fire from destroyers hms onslow and blizzcavita 83 of them were type 7 u-boats several surviving ships entered the fleets of the victorious countries and their allies u-995 served in the kriegsmarine a little more than six months and was in the northern sea when the war ended in may 1945 the sub surrendered to norway and served in the norwegian navy for the following 15 years with the commissioning of new submarine types u-995 lost its value as a combat unit and the norwegians transferred the seven to germany to become a museumship the type 7 program was one of the most successful german submarine building programs especially when you think of their quantity it's arguably one of the most numerous ship types in the world by the number of units built i believe that even the liberty class ships were less numerous [Music] type 7 submarines are quite controversial some say that they were the best ships of their type others simply call the seven a steel coffin undoubtedly these submarines were very effective but as history proved the development of anti-submarine warfare didn't leave them a single chance of winning the sevens can be compared to a sword it was a threatening and effective weapon in skillful hands until the introduction of gunpowder [Music] here is the first part of the bonus code next up on our show is a movie about u.s submarine batfish during world war ii the blue class submarines successfully opposed japanese ships [Music] both in packs and alone they send enemy oil tankers large warships and submarines to the bottom take a look at the screen they became the scourge of the japanese navy during world war ii operating in wolf packs and alone they sank enemy tankers capital ships and submarines the war memorial park in the city of muskogee oklahoma is home to one of those heroes a below class submarine uss batfish the bat fish during its record-breaking three submarines in 76 hours the united states navy started developing the idea of a fleet submarine as early as the 1920s based on the experience gained in world war one initially these submarines were intended to operate together with the main forces of a surface fleet carry out long range reconnaissance and of course inflict as much damage as possible to the approaching enemy before the general engagement of the capital artillery ships a high surface speed long operating range good sea endurance and powerful armament were considered to be their primary characteristics the fleet submarine the desire to have a fleet submarine a submarine that you know we're building multiple mass quantities of was around for a decade before it actually takes place they really wanted to have this assembly line configuration where let's get these submarines out let's get them built let's give the ocean in the 1930s the us navy commissioned several series of submarines one after another by the time world war ii broke out the practical experience that had been drawn from these subs allowed engineers to find an optimal balance of tactical and technical elements and in 1941 the u.s began mass producing fleet submarines the gatto class cruiser submarines were the first of these and the project was actively being reworked in parallel to its construction the result came in the form of a new class of u.s cruiser submarines balau basic differences is the steel that's used in the construction of the hull you're going from a seven a 9 16 inch thickness to a 7 8 it's also it's going from mild steel to high tensile steel this basically allows the boleo to dive deeper than the caito class so test depth is going to be around 400 feet compared to 300 feet on the cato but we really know that the bat fish and other boleos could go much deeper than that when the us entered world war ii it became obvious that the existing application concept for cruiser submarines was no longer valid fortunately their tactical and technical specifications made them perfect for their new role fighting along extended japanese communication routes in the pacific theater of war the wartime programme of the u.s shipbuilding department provided for the commissioning of 30 submarines per year starting from 1942. taking inevitable losses into account this would have allowed the navy to bring the total number of submarines up to 150 the quantity required to efficiently execute the tasks set by the us naval command the country united states we were very good at building things so we actually transferred from the society we weren't into a wartime society and so the reason why you're seeing so many boleo classes being constructed rapidly is because we've converted all of our most of our labors anything that's not essential to the survivability of the of the country is building wartime machines so you're having what we call rosie's out there constructing submarines or having the men you actually have some of the sailors that are actually assigned to the bat fish helping construct the bat fish well before the batfish is ready to go the first u.s navy submarine was commissioned in 1900 and named holland after its inventor after that u.s submarines were designated with alphanumerical combinations but since the 1930s the navy have named its submarines after fish species and other sea creatures you know things like the the tiger fish or you know all that of course we have the uss catfish which is a fighting fish if you know a tasty fighting fish yes um you have the barb you have all these these good ones if you haven't seen a bat fish before it looks like the joker from the first batman the good first batman and it actually waits underneath the surface and it waits for a target to go over and then it eats it very much like the submarine would have done during world war ii [Applause] [Music] specifications of submarine uss batfish as of 1943 length 94 meters beam more than eight meters mean draft more than five meters displacement submerged 2415 tons the sub has a double hull maximum diameter of the pressure hull almost five meters thickness of the pressure hull more than 22 millimeters armament artillery mark 17 gun with a caliber of 127 millimeter bofors anti-aircraft autocannon with a caliber of 40 millimeters or a lycon anti-aircraft autocannon with a caliber of 20 millimeters during united states submarine diving operations crew have 30 to 40 seconds to get from watch stations into the boat ready for battle in that time crew must take weapons like the 50 caliber and 30 caliber machine guns down this hatch and into the armory in that time these crew were trained to get into the hatch in 10 seconds they jumped down dog down the hatches and prepare for battle stations torpedo armament 10 21 inch torpedo tubes six forward four aft 24 mark 18 electric torpedoes caliber 533 millimeters this is the after torpedo room this compartment contains one third of the torpedoes on the submarine those torpedoes are fired from these four tubes which is two less than the forward torpedo room now loading a torpedo is a fairly simple process you take the torpedo push bar and you fit these prongs at the end by the propellers then you fit a rope through the pulley here and you link that rope through this hole right here the men manually pull the torpedo directly into the tube once it's clear they lock the tube and they release air in a tank through these pipes directly into the tube and it fires the torpedo power plant four fairbanks morse diesel engines with a total power output of 5400 horsepower four elliot motors propulsion electric engines with a power output of 2750 horsepower two groups of accumulator batteries 126 elements each this is the forward battery compartment located directly beneath the officer's country half of the submarine's 252 batteries would be kept in this compartment they kept them beneath the cruise quarters and officers country because if anything were to go wrong with the batteries they would produce toxic gases like hydrogen and nitrogen these gases would also be explosive if concentrated whenever these compartments were full the batteries would be just about head level so there would only be enough space for a man to crawl he would crawl to each battery and test for these gases maximum surface speed about 20 knots submerged speed about 9 knots cruising range surfaced 11 000 miles at 10 knots submerged 96 miles at 2 knots endurance 60 days submarine batfish joined the u.s navy on august 21 1943. now when you look at the belt it's significant because it says bat fish 194 what does that mean means that they were going to put 1940 something on there but they didn't know what year to put batfish construction started at the end of 1942 finished in 1943. they were so in a hurry to get that boat out to fight the japanese couldn't finish the last number [Music] they called these submarines the cadillac of submarine meaning that this had all the latest and greatest might as well have had cruise control at this point so compared to japanese submarines our submarines were vastly more superior in technology batfish for instance was getting upgraded at almost every single port it stopped at any time that it was in between war patrols is getting something new added on of course that means every time you get a new piece of equipment you're gonna have at least two guys to train on it the hydrophone was a quite simple yet very efficient device that helped find enemies in the ocean while submerged so at your base level hydrophone is your your passive sonar it is your your microphone that you listen to the ocean around a very well trained sonar tech could pick that up and tell you oh there's an enemy right there later on you'll figure out what the pitch is so how far does a propeller one swing of the propeller move an enemy so let's say it's 36 inches it's gonna one swing of the propeller is going to propel you three feet you count that over a course of time and you can figure out how far how fast an enemy is going so these guys can count how many propeller spins in a given set of time and they do what we don't do anymore math and they're able to tell you okay this is moving at this many knots you can figure out how fast you're going how fast they're going and kind of plot a collision course or a firing course so that that is one of the benefits of the hydrophone the next device used by submariners to determine the range to a target and its movement parameters was the sonar an alternative to using the periscope this is the sonar station two men would operate the sonar station at one time one listening for propellers or screws and for explosions the other one would be operating equipment like the sonar heads here which would gather information and they would send it to a display in the control tower there officers would analyze it and make decisions on their combat operations [Music] this compartment is known as the control room many people also know it as the nerve center of the boat in this compartment there would be 10 to 12 sailors controlling operations such as torpedo fire control diving and submergence now another important aspect of submarine operations is the importance of running silent during these operations the submarine must be completely quiet if an enemy sonar tech can hear the submarine then they can better locate them to drop the depth charges [Music] [Music] oh in the summer of 1943 the sj-1 radar station was introduced into service the next year the navy started outfitting submarines with a radar that could pick up radio signals this made it possible to detect an enemy ship by the emissions of its radar it's technology they don't necessarily trust technology at first it's something that well we can't trust our eyes we're going to trust but they are using radar they're actually going at radar depth extending their maps through all different environments and it worked well for them and especially in conditions where they did not have good visibility you had to rely on what you could do and so like at night time if there was bad conditions out or just nighttime in general radar may be the only way that you can see anything [Music] several months prior to the beginning of world war ii fleet submarines received a fire control device known as the tdc mark iii submarines no longer needed to lay an attack course a torpedo would arrive at the desired impact point by itself guided by the range bearing and speed data programmed into it and so essentially when you have the mark four torpedo data computer coming out and it has that radar and it's taking information in from the sonar it's taking information from the radar you have an ultimate killing weapon [Music] at the beginning of the pacific war the torpedoes used on u.s submarines demonstrated very poor efficiency in combat due to their technical imperfections mark 14 when it's introduced and it's used during world war ii these guys are realizing that for one the metal pin that's actually the firing pin is inferior and it's actually deflecting instead of actually setting off the target now they use what's called a magnetic influencer the goal being is that you didn't need to directly hit a target with your torpedo to blow it up the idea was to blow it up underneath it produce a bubble kill and basically snap the keel in half well these things didn't work well [Music] there's accounts where even the bad fish is firing and all you hear is how many times can you hit a target with a dud before you get killed yourself at the end of summer 1943 the mark 18 torpedo was put into service it was the first american electric torpedo developed on the basis of a german torpedo the mark 18 didn't leave a bubble trail behind it on the water's surface it was also cheaper and more technologically advanced than its steam gas predecessor so the mark 18 more effective but it also has its own problem so you can look at the uss tang it fires a mark 18 which locks and it does a complete circle and it's sunk by its own torpedo basically what i call the worst day ever [Music] these battery powered torpedoes the mark 18s they're cheaper to produce you have some problems is that you're charging the batteries when you charge these batteries they produce hydrogen gas if you decide to smoke and the hydrogen gas burner's not working you just basically blew yourself up which is also a bad day to have the issue of torpedo reliability was so critical that in the summer of 1943 admiral nimitz the commander-in-chief of the united states pacific fleet ordered the removal of magnetic fuses from all torpedoes however both the mark 14 and mark 18 were soon improved the mark 18 wants once it's actually perfected and once it's in use and it comes out mid-1943 it becomes a just boom to the submarine service in february 1945 when batfish set out on a new combat patrol her crew had another chance to appreciate all the advantages of the armament and equipment at their disposal the radar detected a target at a range of six miles and the hunt began the night was dark and moonless that fish approached the suspected opponent on the surface and fired four torpedoes all of them missed having reloaded the torpedo launchers and increased speed the sub assumed an advantageous position the second torpedo hit the target and the third passed over the spot where the enemy submarine had just sunk at the same time the first torpedo failed to exit the bow launcher the skipper is yelling fire that torpedo fire that torpedo tore head torpedo mate in the in the room virgil blackie lawrence he's going i'm trying to fire it it's stuck what am i gonna do and so his training kicks in remember your training the recommended pressure of compressed air to push a torpedo from a tube was between 21 to 28 kilograms per square centimeter torpedo mate lawrence kicked everyone out of the compartment sealed the watertight bulkhead raised the pressure to 42 kilogram per square centimeter and read a short prayer [Music] boom and it kicks the submarine back a little bit everyone's cheering they're not gonna die in this little pursuit right now that fish approached the spot where the japanese sub had sunk they turned on a searchlight to look for debris and survivors at the break of dawn japanese aircraft appeared in the sky and batfish submerged again in the evening of february the 11th the americans detected enemy radar emissions again first submarine you pick up those radio signals you know what you're going after second submarine same thing and the guys couldn't believe it they go 157 japanese submarines so they even verified to make sure it's not one of the wolf pack and it isn't it's a japanese submarine so they follow it and it's amazing because they're almost undetected the captain decided to attack from the surface and at a close range once more however the enemy suddenly submerged and then they go are we detected did they die because they could hear us is our gear better than us because we don't know we honestly don't know so they're listening and they wait only 20 minutes later the sonar operator reported hearing the noise of ballast tanks blowing a minute later the target was detected batfish submerged with only her radar antenna on the surface in order to maintain contact before torpedo salvo was fired from her bow tubes at a range of 800 meters and a powerful explosion pierced the night and then just about a day later 158 153 oh they're picking up another frequency from a radar it's another japanese submarine these guys couldn't believe it at this point this was an old hand for them this is just another day of sinking japanese submarines [Music] they're out of torpedo tubes in the forward except for two torpedoes left and now you know firing from the aft is not as easy as firing from the forward of course the guys in the aft are like give me that action give me that action baby i want that action they get messages from the president they get congratulated this is something that's never happened before three submarines in 76 hours if you ask the crew luck did not exist when this happened this was all skill baby if you ask historians and you you look at things going on it's a combination of luck and skill going on one day when world war ii was about to end the crew of batfish made a wager according to an old naval tradition these guys purchased a bottle and this was the world war ii crew and they made an arrangement that the last man alive from the crew would drink in honor of all the other crew and it's a beautiful beautiful thing now they never thought though when you make this arrangement when you're in your 20s or 19 you never think that guys we're going to live to be 90. so our last men standing bottle for the first commissioning crew the world war ii crew was cracked open about seven years ago we actually have a bottle it's from some company in america that's highly decorated and it actually says to the crew of the uss batfish and it's a beautiful bottle we have it on display here and we are holding it until the last couple of the korean war guys want to get out and they want to drink it's difficult to overestimate the part that u.s submarines played in the pacific war they practically annihilated the japanese tanker fleet thus cutting the enemy off from their supply of vital fuel between july and august of 1945 the us submarines focused on rescuing the pilots of planes shot down over the ocean during world war ii in the pacific the u.s navy lost 52 submarines out of 288 around 3 500 sailors never came back from their patrols of course you tell people this and they go that's not too many i mean how many is enough and keep in mind that we're talking maybe 24 000 active submariners during world war ii as far as the people patrolling the ocean and fighting on submarines in world war ii we're looking at a one out of five submariner who's going to die right no one ever died on the batfish and that's significant not all boats have that honor so if you're asking me what the best thing the batfish did was no one died on it [Music] you have to realize these guys form a bond like nobody else and i i challenge this a lot of people say well i mean the foxhole brothers no when you're on a tin can in the ocean for 65 days at a time every minute you can die you form a bond at the beginning of the 1970s the oklahoma chapters of the united states submarine veterans secured the transfer of one of the decommissioned submarines in order to commemorate their fallen brothers in arms the choice was made in favor of batfish all they needed to do was transport her to the memorial park in oklahoma [Music] they're towing that bat fish on six barges all the way up the mississippi river to the arkansas river every time they hit a dam they have to go into lock and dam every time they hit a bridge they're barely scraping underneath that bridge and there's actually a bridge in little rock that they were sure they were going to have to cut the periscope shears off just not going to make it so these guys are rushing what they don't want to cut anything off the bat fish so they're looking around they call the court engineers and say we really just need two inches man just two four engineers drain a little bit oh just barely skates by it's amazing how that works out one of the key elements to placing the batfish where it is right now was mother nature so with a little help from mother nature we had floods that lifted the bad fish the river was really high so breaking that bowl open and letting the water come in and start excavating that and this all happened over the course of about a month and a half and two cranes pulling as hard as they could to get that bad fish straight in the line [Music] the tugboat reinforced in the rear the aft it placed it right there on land and it was it was a brilliant sight to watch this people would gather out here just to see this happen because this is not something that happens every day the war memorial park in the city of muskogee oklahoma became the last birthing station for the submarine in may 1973 batfish was officially named a museum ship she is open for visitors all year round captains pay attention to the screen here's another part of a bonus code next up in our cinema marathon are the k-class submarines which were lovingly named katsusha by sailors what gallant deeds can k21 boast of watch our video to find out [Music] [Music] at the beginning of the 20th century it was home to about 13 families of huntsmen and fishermen today it houses the main base of the russian federation's northern fleet and it's not easy to get permission to visit but we haven't come to one of the most secret cities in russia just out of mere curiosity i'm here to tell you about the k21 submarine in the spring of 1942 command of this ship was entrusted to captain third rank nikolai lunin this was the beginning of one of the most vivid pages in the history of the russian navy [Music] the soviet k-class submarines nicknamed katushia by sailors were created thanks to efforts of mikhail rudinicki the chief of the submarine department at the institute of naval shipbuilding at the beginning of 1935 he presented his own project of a cruiser and fleet submarine to the ussr naval command the specifications of this submarine were so promising that even before the final technical project had been approved the decision was made to construct a large series of ships of this class the author of the project which was sometimes nicknamed rudnicki's cruiser in his honor managed to create a ship with very extensive and varied combat capabilities that were a perfect match for the soviet naval doctrine of that time [Music] it was supposed that in order to perform the tasks of a fleet submarine she would stay within a specified area and patrol it if an enemy appeared she would let the main allied forces know about it then using her advantageous situation she would be able to deploy mines in the path of the advancing enemy fleet after the hostile suffered some losses in this minefield the sub would carry out a torpedo attack after this she would disengage and wait for the enemy to sail away from the quadrant thanks to a higher speed she would then move to another position i reengage the hostiles there that's the action algorithm of a fleet submarine [Music] simultaneously large submarines were to carry out cruise emissions acting on sea communications in remote areas far from home bases and shores the technical project of a cruiser and fleet submarine was developed and improved for a further two years in december 1936 the first three ships were laid down in leningrad this series of submarines received the number 14 in the navy they were designated as the k-class specifications of k-class submarines length 97.6 meters beam almost 7.5 meters mean draft 4 meters submerged displacement 2 104 tons the boat has a double hull maximum diameter of the pressure hull 5.3 meters thickness of the pressure hull 18 to 22 millimeters the submarine is divided into seven compartments the first and seventh torpedo compartments with crew berths the second bow battery compartment the officer's mess hall and five single cabins for the commanding officers were located on its deck the first group of accumulator batteries was installed in the hold the third control room with the conning tower on top of it the artillery magazine found its place in the compartments hold the fourth aft battery compartment the petty officer's mess hall and 24 crew bunks were on its deck the second group of batteries was installed in the hold the fifth diesel compartment the sixth electromotive compartment armament 10 533 millimeters torpedo launchers six at the bow and four aft with two of them in the superstructure ammunition 24 torpedoes artillery armament two 100 millimeter b24pl dual purpose guns two 45 millimeter 21k dual purpose guns two 7.62 millimeter m1 removable machine guns the boat carry 20 ep ground anchor mines developed for fleet submarines which could be deployed with a mining device located underneath the control room power plant two diesel engines 4 200 horsepower each a diesel generator 800 horsepower two electric engines 2400 horsepower each two groups of accumulator batteries 240 elements each maximum surface speed 21 knots maximum submerged speed 10.3 knots submergence depth 80 meters maximum depth 100 meters cruising range at 10 knots surfaced 7500 miles submerged 11.5 miles endurance 50 days maximum time submerged 72 hours crew 66 people the boat had it all along cruising range high speed powerful torpedo armament with 10 torpedo launchers now moreover she could set mines but in order for a sub to have good underwater maneuverability you need one kind of hull shape to make her agile on the surface you need a slightly different hull shape and if you plan to use the boat as an artillery platform you need a third kind soviet engineers much to their credit managed to combine all this in one ship however all these advantages came at a price and the price they paid came in the form of the overall lightning of the submarine's hull moreover when the engineering blueprints were being prepared errors in the calculations for the metacentric height and boats load were discovered which caused stability issues to fix them engineers had to remove the gun shields make the plating of superstructure and conning tower railing out of aluminium and reduce the thickness of the outer hull to six millimeters the reduction of the alcohol thickness had very negative consequences any explosions of depth charges nearby would cause welded seams to crack watertight fuel tanks would be compromised and leaking fuel would expose the submarine's position even rough seas could be enough to severely damage the hull for example after k-1 was hit by a force 10 storm a superstructure shifted to such a degree that it jammed the capstan and bow rudders [Music] however these individual technical drawbacks of katyushas weren't that important compared to the shortage of prepared crews by the end of the 1930s the ussr hadn't managed to organize the fully fledged training of submarine officers directly in naval schools the navy meanwhile had only two training squads for underwater operations which prepared commanders and specialists for submarines the problem was that these schools weren't able to prepare the necessary number of commanders and specialists at the rate at which the shipbuilding industry was producing new submarines by the summer of 1941 the soviet submarine fleet included 212 ships 85 in the pacific fleet 67 in the baltic fleet 44 in the black sea fleet 16 in the northern fleet 118 of them were either under repair or at different stages of construction the remaining 94 were complemented with crews that underwent practical training directly on them the most important thing a crew required time to master all the machinery to this end a training program was developed the training program for submarines adopted in 1938 consisted of 21 tasks here are some of them task 2 controlling a submarine when submerging carrying out submerged maneuvers and surfacing task 13 attacking a ship sailing along an alternating course with torpedoes from a long initial range task 21 joint maneuvers of a group of submarines when evading the enemy ships whose crews had complemented all the tasks were considered fully combat ready the highest certification of a submarine was to successfully complete a submerged attack against a high-speed formation of warships with anti-submarine escorts moving along a zigzag path the soviet submarine fleet had very few certified subs so the reality was that despite having a large number of boats at our disposal only half of them at best were combat ready only two submarines were fully prepared for combat in the baltic sea 19 in the black sea and none in the northern fleet on september 17th k21 was commissioned into the northern fleet and after very tight and intensive combat training she went out on her first war patrol during the autumn of 1941 katyushas had to adapt to sailing conditions in the northern arctic waters first of all the barren sea tested the endurance of the ship and her crew on every cruise it turned out that surface speed was very much dependent on the sea conditions at force 5 roughness which is quite characteristic for arctic latitudes speed dropped twofold while during a storm a submarine could list up to 50 to 55 degrees to help submarines stay on course and maintain their position a system of automatic movement stabilization was installed it was able to adjust both course and depth it was also called the autopilot however the electric motors of this system were too noisy and sailors would often disable it during missions and switch to manual control for the german troops in the far north shipments by sea were virtually the only source of supplies that's why these routes were the primary target of soviet submarines throughout the war however the enemy didn't conduct large ocean convoys near norwegian shores and the k-class cruiser submarines were designed to hunt exactly for this type of convoy active transportation was carried out by small groups of ships with modest tonnage that sailed along the shoreline taking cover in fields often these were common motorboats and mobilized fishing vessels and it made no practical sense to spend torpedoes on them in september 1941 on their way back from a combat cruise a commanding officer responsible for artillery on k2 suggested firing a blank shot from their main gun when entering the harbour in honour of their victory later this tradition was adopted by all submarines of the northern fleet it's worth noting that the k-class submarines scored their first and last victory with artillery fire [Music] in terms of artillery armament katyushas surpassed all soviet submarines of that time their 100 millimeters dual purpose guns were even sometimes used for anti-aircraft defense at home bases of course these submarines found the main application for their guns at sea and near enemy coasts the events that occurred at the end of 1941 during a combat cruise of k3 when she was helmed by lieutenant commander malafayef presents a very characteristic example of this on december 3 k3 discovered a small convoy of hammerfest that included the cargo ship alt-kirch and three submarine chases the soviet submarine carried out an attack but failed all torpedoes missed their targets moreover by firing a salvo the boat revealed herself and was immediately spotted by the enemy escorts the germans set chase to k3 at once and in just a couple of minutes dropped around 30 depth charges while evading them katyusha hit the ground three times and finally laid on the bottom with all noisy mechanisms disabled however the attack continued and each new series of charges with the correct depth setting could have become the last for k3 water started gradually leaking into the pressure hull but enabling the drainage pumps would cause too much noise in this critical situation the captain had one extreme measure left to surface and engage in an artillery [Music] battle with her fifth salvo k3 hit the aft of one of the german chasers where the death charges were stored the ship went under almost instantly the second chaser armed only for 20 millimeter autocannons hurried to disengage by setting a smoke screen the third ship was too distant and her salvos fell short of the submarine k3 disappeared beyond the horizon before the enemy's eyes later on it was found out that an enemy coastal ship had hit a mine cluster deployed by the sub a week prior to those events thus the first mission of k3 in the northern fleet turned out to be very successful this hatch was used to load anchor mines which were stored in the hold in mine and ballast tanks by the way the submarines of this class proved themselves to be excellent mine layers during the war more than half of the enemy tonnage they sank was from their minds but what's most staggering is the audacity of soviet submariners who entered narrow norwegian fjords with unfamiliar fairways on their almost 100 meter long ships often they were spotted by lookouts on the coast but cool-headedly ignored all of their signals and requests and deployed mine clusters and minefields across enemy communication routes submarine k1 commanded by captain second rank mikhail avgustinovic holds the absolute record of the northern fleet for the number of enemy ships destroyed by mines during the course of her service this boat deployed 146 mines that destroyed five transports and two guard ships what's interesting is that the number of confirmed victories of augustanovich surpassed the number of claimed victories a very rare exception in the soviet underwater fleet post-war studies showed that the effectiveness of submarines was often overstated it wasn't caused by their commander's ambitions but rather the lack or absence of resources and means to verify the results of an attack when newspapers or radio informed people of the victories of the soviet submariners they didn't require verification anymore in 1942 when the red army suffered a number of crushing defeats on other fronts the soviet people badly needed to know that somewhere at least the enemy was getting successfully hit beep he launched four torpedoes at the german task force at battleship tirpitz me ten spare torpedoes were stored in the forward torpedo room and six more were loaded and ready in the launchers initially submarines of this class weren't equipped with a system that enabled bubble-free torpedo launching which was a substantial tactical disadvantage the enemy could detect a salvo fired from a submarine and perform evasive maneuvers moreover by firing several torpedoes underwater the boat risked disclosing her position for this reason some soviet captains fired torpedoes from the maximum effective range on k-21 the system of bubble-free fire was installed in march 1942 by the way it was partially nikolai lunin's initiative to install the system for bubble-free torpedo launching he was an experienced submarine officer who had completed five war patrols on submarine shah 421 and carried out seven torpedo attacks on march the fourth he was appointed as k-21's captain an interesting fact the order giving him command of k21 came exactly one day after the decree of the presidium of the supreme soviet which awarded him the title of hero of the soviet union thus he first became a hero and the very next day was given command of the largest and most powerful submarine in the russian navy everything started with submarine cruisers i mean a plethora of new things were introduced on ships after world war ii and the first ships to accommodate such novelties were cruiser submarines hygiene was improved and more bunks were installed each sailor petty officer midshipman and officer had their own bunks water distillers were installed for the first time two distillers each of which was able to provide around 40 liters of distilled water per hour the most interesting part stall showers were installed you know in practice such things as distilling water heating water and everything related to it is just wasted energy almost no commander would agree to spend energy on water and potentially spend the resources required for a torpedo attack or the chance to flee from enemy ships after an attack i mean from submarine chases and destroyers our grandfathers served on submarines in the north in severe and spartan conditions moreover the submarines of the time didn't even have any heating on june the 18th 1942 k21 started her fifth raid for ten days the submarine cruised along the northern coastline of norway searching for targets during the night of june 28 lunin received an order to move to another location close to cape nordkin to cover convoy pq17 several days later the allies learned that a task force of surface ships headed by tirpitz had set sail the largest german ship was a highly valuable piece on the board and by losing this piece the kriegsmarine would lose their advantage in the north both opposing parties knew that which was why the german command valued concealment and secrecy most of all while planning their operations the allies in their turn took all possible measures to detect tirpitz in the evening of july 4 convoy pq 17 received the fatal order to spread out the german squadron wasn't aware of this and continued along their previous course by the second half of the next day the squadron had neared cape nordkin the characteristics of the listening sonar installed on k21 weren't that impressive but lunin was lucky enough to have a good sonar operator at 1622 on july the 5th 1942 he reported to the officer of the watch that he had heard some indistinct noise the noise was getting louder at a course angle of 30 degrees on their starboard the commander ordered the sub to turn and extended the periscope several times in order to identify the source of the noise as the boat continued moving towards them dim outlines transformed into large ships escorted by destroyers lunin declared a torpedo attack state on k-21 the enemy was following an irregular course in other words the ships were moving in formation an anti-submarine formation it meant there was a group of destroyers in front of three large ships which were moving in a front formation the task of the destroyers moving ahead of large ships in a front formation is to detect submarines not just detect submarines but force them to change their course either a submarine is detected or she will try to avoid the collision at periscope dams therefore when a submarine submerges and then surfaces she will have only one chance to attack because the ships are moving at high speed initially lunin planned to attack using the bow torpedo launchers but at 1750 he raised the periscope and saw that the squadron had changed the course this made a torpedo attack from the bow launchers impossible the commander made a decision to launch the aft torpedoes [Music] a lack of experience in attacking fast moving targets with strong escorts imperfect tracking devices errors in analyzing target motion and the risk of being revealed with an additional extension of the periscope all these and other factors made it harder to prepare a torpedo attack nevertheless lunin made a second attempt a risky one to launch torpedoes at a receding target from an obtuse angle according to his calculations the distance was maximum but acceptable at a particular moment k21 was surrounded by the escort ships and could have been detected lunin gathered all the data for a launch extended the periscope and waited for the target to enter the computed zone the parameters he had indicated that the attack would be successful he launched four torpedoes at the german task force at battleship tirpitz immediately after the torpedo salvo k21 submerged to 30 meters and left the attack area at full speed approximately an hour later a radiogram was received at the coastal command hq of the northern fleet at 1800 latitude 71 degrees 25 north longitude 23 degrees 40 east attacked enemy ships comprising battleships tirpitz and sheer and eight destroyers attacked battleship tirpitz heard two blasts commander of k21 meanwhile in the north far away from k-21 german aviation and submarines were pillaging convoy pq 17. soviet destroyers left the northern fleet bases and aircraft took off from the coastal aerodromes to search for the enemy the radio ground from lunin was still being decoded on the coast which is why nobody knew the exact location of the german task force nevertheless everyone understood that they had to be detected at any cost at 1916 the german squadron was detected by the crew of the eel4 airplane from the second guard's composite air regiment severe weather conditions obstructed the flight low clouds and fog made it almost impossible to detect the enemy ships but the persistence of soviet pilots in fulfilling their mission was rewarded the pilot noticed a small gap between the clouds plotted the course in that direction and found himself right above the enemy forces the scout immediately sent a message about detecting a german squadron comprising 11 ships and following a course of 65 degrees at a speed of 10 knots the error in determining the squadron speed played a crucial part in the coming events the text of the decoded radiogram from k21 and data from the reconnaissance aircraft led to the conclusion that the speed of the german squadron had been reduced because one of the ships had received serious damage it's proved that lunin's attack had been successful after our british allies received the message about detecting the german task force they radioed it in such a way that guaranteed the germans would intercept it and they did intercept the message in two hours and decoded it the message was decoded both by the task force and on the mainland the german command saw the message as a reason to abort the operation that message had basically eliminated the secrecy it was the top priority of the german command they realized that they had been discovered there were messages from aviation and submarines stating that the convoy had been dispersed and was being successfully destroyed by aviation and submarine forces so the capital ships had nothing to do there in the evening of july 8 the soviet information bureau transmitted a message saying that the submarine under the command of captain second-ranked nikolai lunin had scored two torpedo hits on german battleship tirpitz the news about the torpedo attack on the largest german ship was published not only in the main soviet papers but a corresponding note was also released in the foreign press this was why the following day when k-21 arrived at the base the whole world was already aware of the heroic deed of the submarine and her commander by the fall of 1942 after the events of the fifth raid have been reviewed in detail nikolai lunin and his submarine k21 were decorated with the order of the red banner over time that attack had created a plethora of speculations and assumptions and finally became a legend that still causes many arguments [Music] it's all clear from the historical perspective the specific facts which are now available to everyone who's eager to study them undeniably suggest that the attack took place but that it was unsuccessful however the attack itself was a heroic deed in any case loonyan did everything he could and everything he had been taught the first torpedo attack failed but he still took a risk and attempted a second attack that was the first and only attack by our submarines on large enemy surface ships in november 1943 nikolai lunin became commander of the first submarine division of the northern fleet six months later he was sent to the military naval academy he graduated from the academy after the war ended submarine k-21 had seven more war patrols primarily for laying mines at the time of her last raid the conning tower of the submarine was decorated with the number 17 the number of her victories [Music] as a matter of fact the combat cruises of submarine k-21 ended on april 12 1944. she required mid-life repairs and after being docked she didn't take part in any further military actions until the end of the war that might have saved the life of the submarine and her crew because she was the only submarine out of six boats of her class that survived the war after being decommissioned from the navy in 1954 k21 was converted into a training facility where submariners practice survivability skills in 1981 the military council of the fleet proposed to make submarine k21 a memorial to honor all the submariners who had died during the war four compartments were rebuilt as a museum so just before the torpedo room forward battery room and control room with the conning tower remained almost unchanged the victories of submariners from the northern fleet are sacred to me no matter what anyone says the numbers can be exaggerated or underrated to my mind it would be an insult not only to me but to the veterans who are no longer here with us when someone who only read the numbers would say come on how many ships did you sink you say you just sailed about at sea and that's it in wartime huh in the conditions of the north a patrol by any submarine is already a heroic deed because their crews always left the base with a one-way ticket they never knew whether they would return or not it's not hard to understand the idea of the memorial's creators a famous warship the only preserved k-class boat of the northern fleet united with the coast that she once defended it symbolizes the memories of the heroic deeds of soviet submariners that are preserved by today's sailors and the connection which unites them [Music] we've almost collected the fourth bonus code together only a small step remains now i'm going to show you a movie about one of the most famous submarines of world war ii let's take a look [Music] welcome aboard the uss cotton cleveland ohio she's one of 77 gatos built this is ss-224 [Music] the history of the united states submarine freight is considered to have begun with uss holland which was commissioned by the navy in 1900 newspapers described her as a perfect weapon one that would help the navy to gain decisive superiority in naval battles [Music] the successful operations of german submarines during world war one demonstrated the high efficiency of submarines and thus drastically changed the nature of naval warfare after the war the united states studied and adopted the experience gained from europe and began designing and building submarines to operate in the atlantic ocean however in the 1930s the us became more preoccupied with growing geopolitical tensions in another part of the globe the fleet submarine was developed through the 1930s basically to combat the japanese threat in the pacific before nuclear power submarines are essentially surface ships that can dive underwater for a short time travel a short distance we're on the surface more than 95 percent of the time well the american fleet submarine early in the war is a slow diving boat eventually with a well-trained crew the fleet submarine can get under completely in about 35 seconds [Music] clear the bridge dive dive the diving clackson is fired twice the lookouts are dropping through the hatches take positions here in the control room at the bow and stern planes using these controls the boat will take a seven or eight degree down angle as the air vents at the tops of the ballast tanks are opened hydraulically the air rushes out the rudder of course rushes in the flood ports on the bottom and down we go specifications of uss cod lens more than 95 meters beam 8.3 meters mean draft 5.3 meters displacement submerged 2424 tons in terms of her construction this sub belongs to the double hull type except for the aft end which had a single hull design maximum diameter of the pressure hull almost 5 meters the submarine is divided into eight compartments first forward torpedo room second forward battery room third control room with cunning tower on top of it fourth aft battery room fifth and sixth engine rooms seventh electro mechanical room eighth aft torpedo room the gatos are the last of what are called the thin skin fleet boats our pressure hull is 9 16 inch thick mild steel for her primary power plant cod used four general electric diesel engines with a total power output of 6400 horsepower the american fleet submarine during world war ii was incredibly loud the diesels of course they're called rock crushers for a reason so on the surface they're very loud but once a fleet submarine dives and switches to its electric motors it becomes incredibly quiet for her propulsion the submarine used four electric engines manufactured by general electric with an output of 2740 horsepower on the surface electric motors were supplied by diesel generators when submerged they were powered by two sets of accumulator batteries each comprising 126 elements the batteries were charged by the same diesel generators when the sub was on the surface maximum speed 21 knots surfaced 9 knots submerged range when surfaced 11 000 nautical miles at 10 knots endurance 75 days operational depth 90 meters but you can go deeper captain flucky of the uss barb said that he had an arrangement with his stewards in the forward compartment they would let him know when the deck plates were buckling he calculated that the hydrostatic pressure would compress the hull sufficiently to buckle the deck plates at about 515 feet not all captains were as confident as he was in the engineering of the fleet boat i believe all submariners are heroes but the heroes among the heroes are the submariners who are going into combat in the thin-skinned fleet boats the first american submarine uss holland provided dreadful habitation for its crew of six people on early submarines the attacks of enemy ships were no less dangerous than the possibility of dying from being poisoned by toxic gases produced by accumulator batteries or ammunition detonation that's why as submarine construction developed special attention was paid to the creation of acceptable living and working conditions for the crew only of course as long as it didn't have a negative impact on the combat capabilities of the boat which were defined by its purpose gato class submarines were designed for lengthy combat missions in the pacific ocean and their creators tried to guarantee as much comfort as possible for their crews here we are in the after battery of the boat u.s submarines were quite luxurious compared to other fleets such as the japanese and the germans we had the advantage of having air conditioning on board now i don't get the idea that it was very cool it was designed mostly to protect the electronic equipment on board the boat now we're heading into the rest of the after battery this is where all the guys got together for their social life this is where they came to eat their food to do their studies in general just hang out as there was nowhere else inside the boat that they could go often they would show movies in here and you have to consider this was quite cramped as you can see there's only room for 24 guys at a time with 97 guys on board to feed there was quite a turnover in guys at the tables here initially each sailor on cod had his own place to sleep but with the introduction of new equipment and armament the number of people on board increased this resulted in additional bursts being arranged over racks of spare torpedoes in the forward and half torpedo rooms vore has some strange stories the cod's second skipper catty atkins was a very uh dedicated skipper he wanted to make sure that uh the cod got as many sinkings as possible uh and to make sure that he was ready for action he had the crew put a mattress up in the conning tower both beside the periscopes and he would sleep up there at night so that if they encountered any japanese ships he could immediately get up and and spring into action and go into the attack uh well one night uh while he was up there asleep we picked up a three-ship convoy and he immediately got up and went into the attack and somewhere along the the uh process of him calling out ranges and bearings through the periscope the rest of the tracking party uh realized that he's up there naked well because it was in the tropics and even though we had air conditioning nobody ever got chilly he decided to sleep without any clothes so uh someone suggested that perhaps it would be decorum for him to put something on uh and so they called down and the stewards mates brought up a pair of striped pajamas for him to put on so captain atkins with his eye still to the periscope was putting on his his pajama bottoms and then put on his top and buttoned it up so that he was properly dressed to sink these ships now no one thought anything of that until uh 1998 when the cod crew held their very first reunion here in cleveland and at the banquet captain atkins was in attendance and the crew presented him with a brand new pair of striped pajamas now all the wives were just scratching their heads they had no idea why the crew would give their captains stripe pajamas and why everybody thought that was so funny until it was explained to them the story so today on the cod if you stop by the captain's stateroom and look in on his bed is a pair of striped pajamas ready for the next attack here we are in the forward engine room as you can see behind me there are the distilling plants each capable of up to a thousand gallons of fresh water a day very hot in this compartment the guys would dry their clothes it could get up to 120 degrees these engines do not turn the propellers they instead they turn generators the noise in here was incredible there was no way to stand and have a conversation so to operate the engine room you had to use sign languages lights and bells [Music] [Music] uh and when the enemy was searching for you with sonar pings uh then of course everyone just became very quiet uh machinery was shut down that wasn't needed fans would have been shut down even the steering motor made noise so you would switch to manual steering now without power steering the fleet submarines helm is going to require three men to turn it one at a time after 10 or 12 revolutions you're tired the second man will take over and then the third and hopefully by the time he's tired the first man has caught his breath and and come back and and taken over the helm so it's nice to have power steering unless you have to be absolutely quiet the main advantage of a submarine over other ship types is her concealment for this reason their use in naval warfare was initially met with mixed attitudes some people believed that submarines were a cowardly weapon for those who preferred sneaky and foul strikes to a face-to-face battle however submarines were too effective at menacing to just give up on the idea [Music] cod's main offensive weaponry consisted of 10 533 millimeter torpedo tubes six of them were installed in the forward room and four in the aft room the sub carried 24 torpedoes as ammunition throughout her career cod was armed with mark 14 steam propelled torpedoes with a contact or magnetic detonator mark 18 electric torpedoes mark 23 steam propelled torpedoes [Music] what we're looking at now is the mark 14 torpedo this has counter rotating props four separate rudders to control the steering and the upper and lower depth control all of that is controlled by a gyroscope right here within the tail of the torpedo forward to that we have the engine this is where you mix together alcohol water and air to create the steam to drive this thing up to 50 miles an hour under the water forward here we also have the air flask in this flask would be 3 000 psi of air and forward of that is the business end of this torpedo this is where you would find 750 pounds of torpex explosive early in the war when these were equipped with the magnetic exploder we found that they were very ineffective the american mark 14 torpedo has a a secret magnetic detonator which unfortunately we didn't fully test properly they were prematurely detonating what was happening is the torpedo would encounter the magnetic field of the enemy ship and detonate too soon it took about two years for the navy to admit that the problem was the torpedoes then identify and correct the solution and then it became a pretty good weapon unlike modern submarines with a ram on a world war ii submarine everything was done by muscle power and block and tackle three thousand pounds low tube too another downside of mark 14 torpedoes came as a result of their propulsion method the steam gas mixture actuating the turbine was ejected outside and the torpedoes left a clear bubble trail as they propelled forward when the bubble trail began to be identified as a tactical disadvantage i mean the enemy could locate the position of the submarine by running down its bubble trail from the torpedo wakes we introduced an electric torpedo basically a copy of the german electric torpedo but the mark 18 electric torpedoes could be dangerous [Music] we were in the north end of the formosa straits we were very busy we fired six of the eight torpedoes in the after room we had two electric torpedoes left a routine battery charge was conducted by someone who didn't follow their training and hydrogen gas built up in the body of the torpedo and it exploded at the end of the battery charge causing the two torpedo batteries to burn furiously in fact they burned like road flares [Music] the crew were able to extinguish one of the burning torpedoes but the after torpedo room was filling with dense black smoke they had to abandon the compartment temporarily because the smoke masks they were using began to clog from the heavy particulates of the burning torpedo battery case while this is happening the captain sends two men running down the deck to open the after torpedo room hatch to vent that dense black smoke and they're washed overboard by a wave it's nighttime [Music] [Applause] meanwhile back down in the room a separate group of crewmen have re-entered the compartment wearing self-contained breathing packs their job is to put the torpedo fully into the tube while they're working in in completely black smoke they can't see anything they have to work by sense of touch they realize that the torpex explosives in the warhead have already begun to melt [Music] they are able to get the torpedo into the tube and they eject it before it detonates the sea water of course puts the fire out but if they had waited just seconds longer to get it out of the boat they probably would have lost the cod so meanwhile the men in the water uh they have their own problem one of the two sailors can't swim and of course uh while the crew gets the boat saved the captain orders everyone not on duty to come topside bring a flashlight to help find the men in the water and the men coming top side realize the boat is lit up like a christmas tree and of course within a few minutes uh a plane is spotted on the radar coming straight for us now luckily it turns out to be an american plane but the captain contacts the pilot only seconds before the pilot drops bombs on us so we almost were destroyed a second time in about 15-20 minutes [Music] so sadly seven hours into the ordeal and we're about to dive and we see one of the two men and we pull him aboard and he gives us the bad news that his shipmate couldn't hold on any longer you know they were seven hours in the water and he he drowned so we lost one of our our crewmen [Music] but that's life on a submarine in world war ii you know you have weeks of boredom punctuated by moments of sheer terror [Applause] [Music] cod was launched on march 21 1943 she was the last of the gato class boats built on that slip the minute the water she hit the water a baleo-class boat was laid down for construction so she incorporated all the latest battle lessons card arrived at the pacific theatre of war in the autumn of 1943 when the battles for bougainville island at new guinea were in full swing [Music] the allies were pushing the japanese forces back seeking to approach the philippines in turn the japanese were trying to provide their garrisons with necessary supplies and send transport convoys to the besieged islands this is the mark 40 5-25 duck gun common to us submarines in world war ii these were very desired by the captains by the end of the war early on they had a four-inch gun which was not as effective very difficult to work with these were a great upgrade because towards the end of the war we had smaller ships and these subs actually became gun boats which meant they came to the surface used their deck guns rather than torpedoes the nice thing about the five inch gun was you didn't have to wait for everything to get drained out just load the shells and start to shoot artillery armament mark 40 gun mount caliber 127 millimeter range 13 000 meters rate of fire up to 20 shots per minute two 40 millimeter bofors anti-aircraft guns browning m2 machine gun caliber 12.7 millimeter the american fleet submarine carries at least 200 rounds of main caliber ammunition and 400 rounds of 40 millimeter and thousands of rounds of 50 caliber machine gun ammunition so they're floating arsenals no matter how strong a submarine's armament this alone isn't enough to result in a successful operation it's important to have all the necessary means to detect your enemy on board and these should be as diverse as the sub's armament we're here in the conning tower of the cod it's a pressure vessel above the main pressure hull it's 8 feet in diameter 17 feet long this is where the officers and the approach party would conduct attacks uh up to 11 men would be crammed in this small space during a submerged attack it holds for us the radars the sonar the torpedo data computer as well as our main steering and the two periscopes the american tdc or torpedo data computer of world war ii was a marvel of engineering it used spherical cams to solve spherical trigonometry equations in real time no microchips or microprocessors involved firing torpedoes while submerged presents quite a complex problem involving multiple variables imagine that you need to hit a swinging log with a billiard queue while standing on roller skates at a distance of 30 meters you're allowed to look at your target only two or three times with one eye to solve this issue and make firing torpedoes easier different countries developed computing instruments in world war ii the united states achieved the most significant progress in this area american machine here the tdc uh takes time out of the equation so the minute you have the correct solution light if your data is good the torpedoes will meet the target in time and space so the germans and the japanese and the british their machines are saying shoot now if you shoot too soon or wait too long your torpedo is going to miss in terms of its construction the mark iv tdc consisted of three blocks that were connected electromechanically data was input both in manual and automatic modes the receiver would automatically read data about the submarine's course and speed from the gyrocompass and dynamic pressure log crew members would input information about the target's course speed and range obtained with the help of the periscope sonar and radar it was adjusted every 15 to 20 minutes the tdc would calculate the target's position and automatically send all the data necessary for firing to a gyroscope installed inside the torpedo launcher this way the torpedo was able to hit its target regardless of the submarine's position the computer made it possible to continuously predict a target's position even when the submarine was maneuvering and fire at night or under conditions of limited visibility uh we're going to turn this on and start integrating some data and what you're hearing is uh a 1944 computer turning on and accepting the data we've preset in the machine if we estimate the target's course and speed we can wait five minutes we're going to bring the scope up if we see the target in our crosshairs we know our data is correct if the target hasn't arrived yet or has passed the periscope view we know our data is uh in need of refinement either he's going faster or slower and now let's start firing fish that we have the correct solution we have our two firing boxes right here with the actual firing buttons for the forward tubes and the after tubes captain will say standby two so we'll turn tube two to standby the spindles engage light comes on this tells us that the mechanical programmer is now communicating with the torpedo while it's in the tube when the proper gyro angle is set the spindles will come out and this light will go off and this light will come on telling us that tube 2 is ready to fire so i will wait for the captain to say fire two when we hear that command fire two i'll push that button and we'll wait and the tdc has telled us what the run time is so we're gonna wait uh we'll we might have our stopwatch to track the time and hopefully we're going to hear big explosions and we're going to bring the scope up and see hopefully the ship going down more sophisticated means of detection and torpedo fire control combined with their enemy's weak anti-submarine defenses paid off during the pacific war american submarines sank about 75 percent of the japanese merchant fleet the price they paid for it was a mere 17 of their submarines lost this means that every fifth sub didn't return to port compare this to the losses suffered by german u-boats during the battle of the atlantic 75 of them were destroyed while managing to sink only one percent of the allied merchant fleet the gato class subs uh were uh um in the thick of the fight early on again being the uh the largest and most capable boats at the time uh were given the uh the the most difficult missions [Music] on may 10 1944 the cod is involved in her largest uh combat she's the last submarine that's able to attack a 35-ship convoy coming to reinforce the japanese garrison in manila [Music] throughout the night the sub pursued the convoy trying to pass its anti-submarine defense ships undetected at dawn she finally managed to break through the outer ring and into the core of convoy where she launched all six torpedoes from her bow tubes at the cargo vessels [Music] the sonar man hears some high-speed screws behind us the captain turns his periscope aft and sees the japanese destroyer karukaya just 300 yards behind us cutting across our stern and he flips the periscope into high magnification and realizes there are crewmen on the bridge pointing at his periscope and so he quickly fires three torpedoes from the stern tubes two of them catch the karukaya in midships and break it in half but it was too early to celebrate victory a japanese hydroplane dropped a smoke boy right next to their periscope and the sub had to submerge the boat headed away from the attack area at maximum speed we uh clear the area very quickly but uh the firing point is saturated with a hundred depth charges within a few minutes they're going off like strings of firecrackers the ships are so close to the harbor that they're able to proceed into the harbor safely and all of the escort destroyers come out to kill the cod khan's captain reduced speed to a noiseless level two to three knots and manage to evade sonar detection all day the boat maneuvered turning its bow or aft towards enemy sonar signals so as to present a smaller target as possible for them toward evening with the batteries running very low the sonar man hears water hitting the surface of the ocean a few miles away and the captain says maybe that's a rain squall so head toward that sound and he puts the periscope up and realizes it's a heavy rainstorm so cod surfaces in the rainstorm and gets out of the area very quickly so that's a typical attack for an american submarine [Music] the glorious gato-class submarines including uss cod arguably became the most famous american submarines of the world war ii era uss flasher was one of the most successful u.s submarines with more than one hundred thousand sunk tonnage credited to her uss kavala sank japanese aircraft carrier shokaku which had participated in the attack on pearl harbor uss wahoo single-handedly destroyed an entire convoy of four ships off the coast of new guinea in 1943 she became one of the first u.s submarines to break through to the sea of japan uss finnback recovered a downed pilot george h.w bush future president of the united states uss barb landed a team from her crew on the japanese-held southern shore of sakhalin island they placed charges under a railroad track and blew up a passing train later in the war uh we were sent on a junk mission because the japanese targets were getting fewer and far between uh and cod was based in the uh in the southwest pacific so we were based out of australia and our mission was to interdict the japanese shipping coming out of the south china sea the rubber tin and oil coming from malaysia and some of the some of the areas around uh the philippines we participated in a campaign to prevent the philippines from being reinforced uh before our inva re-invasion or liberation of the ja the philippines so late in the war the last patrol we sank about 26 junks but we're also very proud of the fact that on our final last war patrol while we're sinking the junks we were sent to rescue the crew of the dutch submarine o19 the dutch had a very small but very uh effective force of submarines fighting with the allies sadly the dutch sub 019 ran up on a coral reef in the middle of the night and the cod unable to free her had to take the 55 dutch crewmen aboard for three days destroy the dutch submarine and put them ashore in the philippines which had just been liberated um the cod uh returned to her home base at the end of the month the dutch were waiting for the cod crew and they uh said tomorrow night we have a thank you party for saving our lives well the next night at the thank you party they find out the war is over so it became one heck of a party which is why today cod's battle flag carries a martini glass over the name o19 to commemorate history's only international sub to sub rescue and that infamous party on the last day of summer in 1945 cod set a course for home after an overhaul the submarine was sent to the reserve but in 1951 she was recommissioned cod served in the caribbean and around south america for the next three years then she was finally decommissioned once and for all and in 1971 was stricken from the naval register five years later residents of cleveland not indifferent to the submarine's faithful service took care of her and turned her into a museum in 1986 uss god became a national historic landmark we're very proud of the cod because it is very representative of the american fleet submarine in world war ii she's the only world war ii submarine to retain both its hull integrity and its world war ii configuration she uh remained pretty much intact we were able to add the deck guns that were missing and a lot of the crew habitation aspects so when people visit the cod they're going to take a trip back in time to see what we believe is perhaps the best restored fleet submarine [Music] [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] as promised here's the final part of the bonus code just in case you missed something i'll show this movie in full our marathon has come to an end on behalf of our entire team and myself i want to congratulate you fellow captains upon our shared celebration hooray full ahead to new victories we'll be waiting for you on the celebratory stream tomorrow september 17th you

Channel: World of Warships Official Channel

Views: 398,385

Keywords: World of Warships, Wargaming, Battleships, Captain Bad Advice, Warships, ww2, how to play wows, wows, yamato, bismarck, hood, game about warships, game about naval combats, wows update 0.9.8, world of warships update 0.9.8, wows birthday, wows birthday event, world of warships birthday 2020, naval legends cinemarathon, naval legends cinemarathon midway, naval legends cinemarathon codes

Id: rZQwYbsKg20

Length: 120min 30sec (7230 seconds)

Published: Wed Sep 16 2020