Beginner's PCB Design Guide Using EasyEda

hey what's happening guys i got a request from a viewer to show exactly how you can go about making pc boards for yourself with a uh cad cam program or yeah i mean that's the only way i really do it and he wanted to know about the layers and and just the basic makeup that goes into making a board so we're going to cover that and then we're going to talk about the design software i use easy eda and how you can make it work so first of all if we take a look at the board edge on i know it's going to be hard to see there but there are different layers let's zoom out here now let's start from the middle where you have what's called your substrate that's the fiberglass material the board is made from in most cases it's called fr4 they also make some out of epoxy paper and finale but that's more of an old school thing these days you're going to find mostly fr4 boards next on top of the fr4 you're going to find a very thin copper layer and that's your copper layer and you notice and this which we're going to be a double-sided board has on each side of it okay so this is our copper layer and copper is specified in ounces per square foot i didn't do that right it should be foot squared but you get the idea and generally one ounce per square foot is used you can also get two or three but generally we stick with one ounce per square foot and then on top of the copper we get this is purple and blue it's probably not even going to look different you get what's called the solder mask the solder mask is what keeps the tracks we'll talk about the tracks pretty soon from getting shorted to one another or anything else think of it as just an insulation layer and then finally on top of that we have a final layer and that layer is the silk screen and that is where anything that you have printed on the board works whether it be component pin designations or instructions or graphics or whatever it's generally only available in one color and it's usually quite low resolution as well so now that we know the layers of the pcb we can talk about what happens on them starting with the substrate nothing happens that's just the beef the body of the board on the copper is where you have your traces your pads your annular rings your fingers whatever and then that gets eaten away leaving the individual traces the rings and all that and if you take a look here at this board the reason i'm using this one you can see the traces pretty well you want to zoom in there we go so on top of the substrate on top of the fiberglass is that thin copper layer and then what they've done is they've eaten away everything except for where the traces are and where these plated through holes are and those are called the annular rings but when you're talking about the holes themselves we call them drill hits so you have the drill hits and then around that you have the annular ring which is what you solder to so all the rest of the copper gets eaten away unless you specify what's called a pore a copper pore what you want to do um for most boards that are going to do anything somewhat high frequency and you generally do it on the back side of the board and that's where you want to have all your grounds in one plane but we don't have to talk about that that's more of an advanced thing we're sticking with the basics today so now you have kind of a physical description of the board let's go to the computer and we'll drop a real quick circuit and we'll talk about how you can put it together and make a pcb okay so now we're at the computer and we're looking at easy eda which is a free online or you can download it piece of design software this is the schematic capture part where you're going to draw your schematic and we're looking over here at the ee library and this contains basically everything well the basic parts and components of what you're going to need if you see something that's close to what you want but not quite what you want if you click on this down arrow key here you can change them like for instance this resistor is an 0.603 which is going to give you a surface mount footprint well i don't do surface mount i do through-hole so we'll go with the axial 0.3 resistor and now when we click on it here we can bring it over here and drop it so up here we have vcc and ground you're going to want to put them in every circuit that you design because when you do your electrical rules check or your erc it needs to know those two points to start out with so start out with them on every single drawing that you do now we can come down here we see we have resistors capacitors again this is an o603 we don't want o603 we want radial we'll just grab one of them we have inductors we have battery see there's a cr uh 2032 battery we have connectors this is your basic barrel jack connector we have header pins male and female and you what you want is this size right here if you're working on breadboard size stuff that's the 2.54 millimeter now you see here is a three pin female header what if you want a five pin well you just click on it grab yourself a five pin okay as we move down we have more connectors we have switches these are all smd there's a 6x6 this is your your standard switch that you use on a breadboard we have leds again you want to make sure you're using the right size if not well it's not going to work out well for you again there are diodes one in 4007 kind of a standard diode we have transistors we have mosfets voltage regulators so what if you can't find what you're looking for here well in that case you can come over here to the library and kind of just type it in what you're looking for say you want a 4017 chip so you just type in cd four zero one seven let it search for it and find it and then you can come down here and just click on them and then look over here to make sure the footprint is what you want see now that's a that's a surface mount one you don't want that see it's in the soft 16 you want the dip 16. so you look down here you can just find one that fits your needs and you can grab whatever you want there click place and it will allow you to place it in there just like that all right now let's talk about placing components we'll start with a simple resistor bring it out here and we'll drop it now it stays here so you can do another one just hit the escape key and make it go away now what you want to do is you want to click on it and you see it has a prefix every component needs to have its own individual prefix they can't share a prefix but the name we can change so say you don't want a 1k resistor say you want a 10k we just come over here to the component attributes and change it from 1k to 10k the program doesn't care okay that's just for you now you can also click on it and click the hit the r key on your keyboard to rotate it into whatever position you want you can also right click on it to cut copy paste it you can edit the symbol see prefix r1r two pins you know whatever you want to do there so you have a lot of uh flexibility in what you put there so let's make a relatively simple circuit um push a button and it lights up two leds okay that's about as simple as we can get so let's think we have our vcc which is our uh plus we'll call the plus you know your positive voltage and we have ground which is our zero voltage or our reference but we need a way to get the actual power into the board so we can do a cr2032 or we could bring in a header pin or we can bring in a barrel jack let's do a barrel jack so we'll bring it in and it really doesn't matter where you put it but think logically think going from the left is your input in the middle is your logic and on the right is your outputs just think of it that way so everything flows so we'll just stick this kind of right here in the middle and then we're going to come over here where it says name and we're going to say this is 5 volts dc just so we know now let's come in here and zoom in and to zoom in i'm just using the mouse wheel roll it up we zoom in roll it down it goes away from you now if you click the mouse we don't hold it you can move your sheet around okay so pin one in this particular case is the positive voltage in so we'll come over here to get to our wiring tools and this one right here the wire see how it makes a dot that means it's connected so we'll click and we'll come out until we can see our vcc we'll just come up like this and see how it's made another dot that's a connection if you don't do that correctly it's not going to pass your electrical rules check now we're going to do the same thing for our ground connection and you don't have to draw your lines like this but you do want to keep them somewhat logical right now with this particular connector you need to connect these two together or you're not going to get your ground it's a switch kind of thing all right so now we have power going to vcc and to our ground so it just so it knows what's going on alright next let's bring in our switch and we'll put it here i'm going to rotate it now you notice it says uh key one is our prefix that's fine and then up here i'm just going to call it power switch i'm going to rotate it again just so we're done pin one there's power and keep it as logical as we possibly can so you got four different connections here you only need two and you want them to be on opposite sides so we're going to do here is we're going to bring pin one up to vcc and pin four down to ground no we're not okay i made a mistake there we don't want to do that so all we need to do is come here and click on the wire we don't want get out of there and then hit delete and it goes away all right what we actually want to do is put this in the vcc path so i'm going to get rid of that wire as well i'm just going to bring this up here like this and now we'll go this way the way i did it first would have been shorten everything out and it wouldn't work very well okay so now when we press the button we bring power in into our positive rail now these two unconnected pins here you need to mark them with this little x here which is the not connect if you don't do that it won't pass the electrical check okay there we go so now let's bring in our leds and i'm going to rotate them anode up cathode down let's go put them right about here in the middle one and two again i'm going to click on them we don't need all these this here for the name we're just going to call it um lead one and lead two all right now we need a resistor so we come up here and get our resistor we're using those axial resistors we'll put one coming off of each cathode here 5 volts we could go as low as 220 ohms we can go up to k anywhere in there let's go 330 are for both of them and now you can see those aren't quite lined up now they are okay so now we need to connect everything up let's grab our wiring tool and we'll connect the anode of the led to our positive rail we'll connect the cathode of the led to the resistor resistors are unpolarized doesn't matter which way you connect them and we'll connect the opposite side of the resistor to ground now i drew this all spread out here just basically for the instructional end of it but you can draw it however you want so now we have everything drawn up quite nicely you can come in here if you want and use this text tool and put in any notes about the circuit that you want to have on your drawing it's kind of like that no problem then you want to save it want to save often so that bad things don't happen all right so now we will do convert to pcb and there were no problems with our electrical rules check very good okay now we're ready to go into the pcb end of things and this is where we need to discuss all the layers and all of that kind of stuff and make sure that we're putting things into the proper layers so the first thing i want you to know is that you can come back up here and click once we do this onto your schematic so you can go back and reference it now it's making this board 37.338 by 24 millimeters that's fine i'm just going to make it 40 by 25 just to keep it easy and i'm also going to make it a round rectangular board so we don't have any sharp corners click ok and you can see there's our board i'm just going to drag all these down here so we have everything close to where we need them all right so here you have your layers and objects i'm going to lock that there so it doesn't go away now you have these eyeballs the eyeballs mean that you it's showing you them if you don't want to see a particular layer you can take it out for instance let's just start with the board outline so that is the physical outline of our board you can click on it as long as you're editing with that little pencil mark i just clicked there you can click on it and you can move it around you can adjust the different sizes you can change the radii whatever you want just click on it move a piece but make sure you get it all back together okay next we're going to see our top layer now let's bring all our layers back in so we're going to go to the top layer to place our components if you have components you want to place on the bottom layer you can do that too but i'm going to try and get them all placed onto the top layer so i'm going to click top layer in this box here the color box and that means we're editing on the top layer so everything we do is going to appear in the top layer now the next thing i want to do is i'm going to select all these components at one time and i'm going to come over here and say display prefix no display name yes i don't care what the prefixes are you probably don't either but the program does we just want the names so now we need to figure out some sort of logical placement to put these now if you see these blue lines these are called rat lines also called air wires we want them to be as straight as possible with as few of them as possible crossing each other so that when we go to route the board meaning draw the traces out it's just easier if there aren't any crossing so let's start by bringing in our power connector and i'm going to put it right here i don't care if the end of the power connector hangs over the board a little bit but in general you don't want your components hanging off the end of the board this is one where it doesn't matter all right then we've got our power switch and i'm gonna put it down here but now let's see if i do this see how they're kind of tangled up what i can do is just rotate that a couple times and now our air wires aren't so crossed all right then we're gonna put our leds where we want them and we can move this stuff later we're just getting a general placement here then our resistors all right so everything is placed on the top layer and i'm just going to zoom in here so that we have a better look at things all right now let's go to the top silk layer and we can individually move just the label see how i did that i just clicked on it i'm going to rotate that and i'm going to put it over here like this power switch i'm going to bring up here like this then the resistors i'm going to put underneath of them so we know what their values are and then our leds i'm going to put over here kind of centered just giving us a nice thoughtful look at that so far so good now the next thing i want to do is i'm just going to take that resistor and put it on the junction of those two lines there and i'm gonna do the same with that resistor so they're nice and even then i'm going to take this led and make sure it's fitting nicely between those lines same as that good so everything's relatively even and looking nice there all right so we have our components placed and we place them all on our top layer everything is good now we get to the point where we get to route the board all right let's route our board and in full disclosure i generally use the auto router i don't like routing some people like it hey that's cool so we're going to come over here we're going to grab the track tool and we have to make all the blue lines disappear into our routes now routing is basically very simple but when you really get down to it it's incredibly complex and it requires a little bit of pre-planning it's kind of like playing chess but the basic idea is you click one spot you drag it to the next spot you click again that's routed pretty simple now we do the same thing here boom here boom here boom here boom now things tend to get a little bit more interesting let me move this out of the way here or come in here and zoom in a little bit so now we need to connect this to this and over to here so far not too hard i'm going to click here and i'm going to come over like that let me get rid of that route did i just hit delete that's all nothing special when i click what happens is it just kind of anchors that point okay so there's another route now this one we have to come from here over to here so we can't go through well maybe we could but i'm going to go around sort of come out this way here down here okay so now we have to round our switch but we can't cross those lines we can there's a way to do it and we're going to do it like this we're going to make a via or a hole in the board to bring our route from one side to the other so we're going to come out of here then we're going to come down and i'm going to press the b key which brings us to the bottom of the board we'll keep coming down to here on the bottom i'm gonna let go of it and we've routed that on the bottom and i think we are all routed let's do a drc check which checks our rules make sure we haven't done anything bad no errors everything looks good i'm going to save it and then we can go view 3d view and it'll give us a nice look at what our circuit is going to look like now here grab the pencil you can see our via we came from this point on the switch down like this but there's another trace coming here which we couldn't cross so we switch to the other side of the board come around here and you can see that's where we came through so we've passed our design check we've looked at the board it looks pretty good the next thing that you want to do is you want to put your labels on the board so we're going to come over to our pcb tools make sure we're on the top silk layer or the bottom silk layer if that's where you want to put it get your text tool decide where you want to put your text click and that places it there and we click on it move this out of the way in our text learn electronics led circuit click and there we have it but you see how it's kind of interfering with that what we can do here is we can come down here and change our height that's 2.032 millimeters or we can change our font family i'm just going to do that go to demi lite and now we have a much smaller one you always want to put a version number on there too and we will say that this one is v1 and today is 9 17 20. there we go now if you have a logo that you want to place on there like i place my little bear logo it needs to be a bitmap i'm not going to tell you how to create a bitmap you got to figure that one out yourself needs to be uh two color then you just click on this little image select image file in my case it lives in the pictures folder it's called happy bear there it is size i'm going to go about eight millimeters by 12 insert it into there now you see that's still too big to really fit there but i'm gonna go ahead and click it i'm going to come like this you see we have 8 by 12 or 8.0 whatever it is i'm going to change that to 6 hit tab maybe 9 mac tab that's much better now it fits save it and then let's view it once again just to make sure everything looks as we expected to which it does good now if you want something on the back side of the board you come here to bottom silk layer and you can print whatever you want there as well but take a look at this see how it does it backwards it's not really backwards and i'll show you that in a second see it looks backwards here but when we do our 3d view you'll see that it prints it the right way it's just showing you it backwards so that you know it's on the other side of the board and once you're completely happy save your file the next thing we need to do is we need to export our gerbers which are the design files we have to send to the pcb board house so in this program we go file generate pcb fabrication file but check our drc short check our drc make sure everything's good it is no errors now if you want to order from this company you can just click order here you want to order from somewhere else you can just click generate gerber and you can see down here on my screen that it has created the gerber file which now lives in my download directory and you can go ahead and send that to any board house you like so that is a super super basic introduction to designing pcb boards i hope you guys like this if you did please give me a thumbs up and please if you're not a subscriber please subscribe we're 94 000 subscribers when we get to a hundred thousand subscribers we're going to do some big giveaways we've got so far an oscilloscope a soldering station uh the new nano every um i even got a smart wall we're gonna be giving away lots of stuff so subscribe tell your friends all right that's it i'm out peace

Channel: learnelectronics

Views: 8,800

Keywords: easyeda, pcb, pcb design, easyeda tutorial, pcb manufacturing, beginner's, printed circuit board, schematic, how to design a pcb, pcb layout, circuit design

Id: Dbs77X_Pr60

Length: 36min 48sec (2208 seconds)

Published: Sun Sep 20 2020