Back To The Moon - The Race Is On | SPACETIME - SCIENCE SHOW

mankind has always looked to the Stars since time immemorial the universe has been a source of fascination and fundamental questions what else is out there how was all this created where do we come from [Music] it is our constant companion and has always held a very special fascination for us the moon we have sent probes to it and man has even set foot on it on July 20th 1969 Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon's surface five further manned missions were undertaken to the moon the final footprints in the moon dust were left behind by Eugene Cernan that was in December 1972 welcome to space time with all of us Valtor astronaut and scientist he knows in space incredible things are in store for us man wants to return to the moon it's like a lost love reawakening all space nations are considering manned missions to the moon China Russia America but also Europe Japan and India probes are surveying and monitoring the moon more intensely than ever before the aim is to go deeper into space perhaps even to Mars and for such a mission the earth satellites would be the ideal training ground it's only a matter of time before man once again sets foot on the moon that's what to the moon again some may ask we've been there already fifty years ago that's of course true but in the meantime a lot has happened and we now believe for instance that there's an ice at the poles and ice it means water water is good for enabling people to live on the moon we also believe that the moon has a certain inner structure but we don't know for sure for that reason alone we need to go back to the moon so competition competition is good for space travel because competition stimulates business while in the 1960s the race to the moon grew from the seeds of the Cold War the new endeavors have a more scientific character [Music] the moon is being re explored surveyed and mapped a research station on the moon surface would be the new outpost for Humanity in space and the Earth satellite is an attractive prospect for investors the moon can be reached relatively quickly you can get there and back in a week and that's why you can do a lot of things in the moon that would help us progress development of Technology science but also as a stepping stone that's a springboard for probing deeper into space so there are many aspects of the Moon that would be useful to us the moon is only a three day journey from the earth it's the perfect place for testing out new space technologies rather than just landing there for short visits astronauts are to stay there long-term and work on research projects it's rather like stepping outside your front door the Apollo missions were carried out back then to demonstrate that we can do it technologically in that case when the Americans but if you want to go to Mars you have to do a lot more you can't just fly to the moon and say look we've done it you have to show that a link between the Earth and the moon can be created for instance that a research station can be established where people can live for several weeks or months the International Space Station is currently mankind scientific outpost in space the world's greatest technology project is operated by an international community of space nations the space laboratory however is approaching the end of its service life new gold's are being considered and increasingly scientists are placing their focus on the moon in 2007 the XPrize Foundation launched a competition for the first private landing on the moon with the prize money donated by Google the task is to land a rover on the moon which can then transmit images back to earth such competitions have a long tradition in 1919 the hotelier Raymond or take offered a prize of $25,000 for the first nonstop flight from New York to Paris which was eventually won by Charles Lindbergh after his historic cross Atlantic flight the prize sponsors want to create incentives for the development of new technologies and business fields completely independent of state institutions Google Google will pay twenty million dollars to whoever achieves the first soft landing on the moon's surface and sends images back to earth what's that in comparison to the total expense of such a mission look the launch costs alone amount to somewhere between 30 million and 50 million dollars and then the costs for technology you need engines that work properly only the leading space nations have them and they cost a lot of money decisis costs few get and they have to be controlled properly so you need very good software that you have to develop yourself this software has to see whether there's anything up there on the moon I can't land on if your landing craft lands on a lump of rock and tips over thank you that's it on the spots or the hatch on the lander doesn't open and the rover can't get out then that's it - that's awesome so there are thousands of little things that such a mission depends on soon hanging come although the people on the team are all highly motivated space engineers they know exactly what they're doing but mistakes can always happen anyway and that's why I believe that all these teams involved in the competition perhaps only one of them will actually win but to be honest that's not what it's all about it's just like the Olympics it's not about winning but about being part of this teams from Germany are also taking part in the competition the most promising candidates came from Berlin young people who want to fly to the moon I just found the idea so incredible that as a private individual you can say I'm going to build something privately financed that I can send up the space and fly to the moon and that's what gave me the incentive to sit down with friends acquaintances anyone I could find and discuss the idea that doesn't make sense is it feasible do you have to be NASA or can you actually do something like this on a private basis the space startup from Berlin developed and constructed the prototype of a moon rover with this the company won one of Google's coveted milestone awards seven hundred and fifty thousand dollars that were invested in building up the business meanwhile the young enterprises dropped out of the competition and is now working on the moon landing project under real market conditions the most difficult part of deciding when you're actually finished is taking the design tool away from the engineers and saying this is what we're doing because engineers are never finished dicen we decide by saying there's a certain risk that were prepared to accept these boots and socks of TN let's say a 20 percent failure risk is okay then we look at the failure probability for every component and as soon as we arrive at the 20 percent mark we say ok now we can start the landing module and the rover are currently under development the system will be launched into orbit by a commercial rocket from there it will head for the moon under its own power Kennedy done in sugandha when Kennedy first proclaimed the goal of putting a man on the moon in the 1960s it was a time when there weren't even the right Rockets of NASA first had to develop ways of putting people into space at all and proverbially speaking they still wondered where the moon was made of cheese today we live in a time of high-resolution maps we have physical data from the moon and all the Apollo material now we have the Rockets we have the engines so it should be much easier that was the thinking behind it the decisive point however is that it's the mixture of knowledge and experience that's important division thanks to the Apollo missions and technological advances an unmanned moon landing is certainly feasible for private companies not cheap but within the realms of possibility it is a completely new approach to conquering space the way I see it returning to the moon on a private enterprise basis is the key to future space travel for the human race the moon is there and scientists researchers or even gold prospectors will grasp the opportunity to set foot on its surface again the moon has an abundance of resources and the existence of frozen water has also been proven the raw materials is another reason why the excitement has returned now it first has to be said that we've known for some time that the moon consists of 40 percent oxygen so the moon has always been of interest as a destination and for the raw materials as well but the discovery of water on the moon has raised this to a completely different level and water is of course wonderful you can make rocket fuel from it by splitting it into hydrogen and oxygen you can drink it and when you split it you can breathe it in the form of oxygen so the discovery of water has given the whole thing a real boost by starting to begin there's no erosion on the moon no wind or rain to alter the surface a witness to the creation of our solar system [Music] vinod often one cause if we look at the moon today we see countless craters mountains and also flat even surfaces that look as if they've been flooded not very rugged at all and it shows us that the moon has a history the moon has a history and that objects have crashed into the surface that there have been lava flows there and impact grazes there are these long valleys we think were created by bodies flying through them making space for themselves the moon is so very close to us not only is a neighbor in the vast expanse of infinity its history is also the history of our earth the interesting see the origin of our Moon is a really unusual story in our solar system yes oh I'll tell it to you now this is the earth about four-and-a-half billion years ago and about 60 million years later something really extraordinary happened the pootle planet a so-called proto planet a kind of embryo planet hit one side of the earth and tore a huge chunk out of the Earth's surface the rock and debris this caused gathered in the form of a disc around the earth at a distance of about 20,000 kilometers that's not on this scale that's about this far sent to you and this ring rotated only for a few thousand years and eventually formed the moon so now something really unusual happened due to the tidal forces between the earth and the moon the moon gradually began to migrate outwards about 3 centimeters per year oh yeah and we can still see this migration today and so over time it migrated outwards to its present position about 380,000 kilometers from the earth July 16th 1969 Apollo 11 lifts off on its way to the moon for the first time human beings are to set foot on its surface a journey to the moon not in a novel not in science fiction not in a film but in reality it's the greatest adventure in human history [Music] the space capsule covers 400,000 kilometers in just under three days this really is man advancing into space the Lunar Module Eagle separates from the command module onboard our Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin Michael Collins remains in the command module Yvette's often the race to the moon was purely political they just wanted to be the first to land on the moon that was of course the goal to be the first human being to set foot on another celestial body naturally putting the first man up there was also a project of enormous prestige that a country could say we have developed this technology the Americans prioritized this over everything else and so did the Russians the eagle flies towards its landing site maura tranquilly Tatars the Sea of Tranquility [Music] it's the 20th of July 1969 13:32 coordinated Universal time place Sea of Tranquility on the moon [Music] fifteen minutes after Armstrong Buzz Aldrin also steps onto the surface the most adventurous space Enterprise ever undertaken the first walk on the moon you have to realize the Americans achieve this in eight years from the announcement in 1961 to 1969 landing on the moon eight years had passed eight years that's not very much time think about this in North rhine-westphalia it took ten years to build the vest - Autobahn junction so building a highway junction is apparently more complicated than landing on the moon the Americans traveled to and landed on the moon a total of six times [Music] all dressed up and no place to go the final mission was Apollo 17 with the astronauts Eugene Cernan Ron Evans and Jack Schmitt on December 11th 1972 Cernan and Schmitt landed on the moon in their lunar module Challenger besides the obligatory American flag these last visitors to the moon also left their moon rover on the surface and that's precisely where the Berlin space entrepreneurs want to land to examine the Apollo 17 vehicle we want to see if it's been shot to pieces by micrometeorites or whether the radiation has decomposed it or if it's covered in dust if yes then why if not why not these are the questions we want to answer when we get near Apollo 17 partisan Casavant walk morning the moon buggy left behind by Apollo 17 is an historical relic and technically still the property of NASA there's some scientific benefit to returning and analyzing it and there's also the chance you could destroy something if you're careless so you need to find a balance and we can't decide that alone so we've been working that out together with NASA the last men on the moon left their buggy there and brought rock samples back in return and in these samples of Moonrock traces of water were discovered in some of them is there anything on the moon that could support us in our attempts to survive up there and now we have actually succeeded in finding water at the poles in craters the Sun never shines into so the next thought is if the rock contains water and we can extract it there'll be a water supply enabling people to survive a place the Sun shines on is several hundred degrees in temperature anywhere it doesn't shine on maybe only two meters away is minus 200 degrees this light dark contrast is enormous both in temperature and in radiation these extreme conditions make developing a moon rover so complex every component has to operate reliably on the moon's surface the greatest challenge is the lunar night on the light side the surface temperature is a hundred and twenty degrees Celsius which is manageable when the Sun sets the temperature drops to minus 180 degrees Celsius so that's the big challenge sophomore assistant Maps how to get materials to withstand these temperature differences between 120 and minus 180 degrees Celsius then there's the other problem of radiation when you're close to the earth like the ISS the Earth's magnetic field protects you from radiation on the moon or that's a luxury you don't have for any long-term stay on the moon the question of water is particularly important to verify its existence but also to survey and photograph the moon precisely NASA sent its Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter to the earth satellite in 2009 Orbiter is still flying over the moon today at an altitude of only 20 kilometers it provides high-resolution images and maps and it's N search for water we now know that there's water on the moon who would have thought it and in two different forms it's got a few years ago the Americans launched their so-called LRO mission and over the entire surface they discovered a little water the Americans say it's about as much as in the Sahara Desert at night knots that's but that means there's only a monoatomic layer of water so it's of no use but importantly things get interesting in the craters at the north and south poles why the sunlight never shines into the poles it only crosses them horizontally and that's why water has formed there due to the impact of asteroids and comets over millions of years and that still exists even at minus 250 degrees Celsius and it means that if we undertake a manned mission to the moon we've got to go to these craters because there we have ice and from ice we can make water and survive in moon matters it's the Chinese that are currently most active the People's Republic of China has started a multi-phase moon program phases 1 to 3 include an orbiter the moon rover Jade rabbit and a mission to bring samples back to earth a possible fourth phase could well involve Chinese tiger Nords landing on the moon since China's moon plants be taken seriously well if you ask me then definitely yes at the end of this year on their chang-hee 5 mission they not only want to fly around it or they intend to land and bring rock samples back to earth that's really very sophisticated so far only to space nations have managed to do that the Americans with their Apollo missions and the Russians in 1976 that's not widely known they sent an unmanned craft to the moon collected a hundred grams of samples and returned with them to earth the Americans put the first man on the but the first vehicle on the moon was of Soviet production as part of their lunar program the Soviets sent Luna chod one to the moon the size of a small car this vehicle weight 750 kilograms and was a laboratory on wheels on the morning of November 17th 1970 at precisely 647 Moscow time Luna chod made a textbook landing in the dust of the Mara in biram the robot collected and analyzed countless samples and sent twenty thousand images back to earth and the Russians also want to go back to the moon together with the European Space Agency ISA a mission is plan to explore the lunar South Pole the objective is to drill for water while at the same time investigating conditions for a possible research station [Music] in that ism Abidin cosmos vanity luna collaboration with Rus cosmos will involve the lunar 27 or lunar resource mission which will probably land on the moon in 2021 in the southern polar region and take samples there using a drill which essa will supply this will then extract moon rock from a depth of 2 meters this isn't then delivered back to earth but analyzed then in there for odds the landing site is the South Pole Aitken basin a giant crater on the far side of the moon the basin is the relic of an enormous asteroid hit and it's believed that this asteroid also brought water to the moon [Music] that one does not of course the moon is very exciting always has been interestingly one reason why it's becoming exciting again is that we understand more and more the importance of these moon samples which were brought back by Apollo we've learned for instance that at one time the moon was completely molten and the entire surface was covered by an ocean of lava oh swear not by the moon the inconstant moon that monthly changes in her circled orb it tells her beloved Romeo but among space travelers it has awakened new desires in their quest to penetrate deeper into space they have rediscovered the moon as an ally wouldn't it be just as good to build a lunar station that just constantly orbits the moon no it really wouldn't because we actually need a station up there to find out whether there really is ice at the poles that's almost to do that you actually have to be there or if you want to find out about the inner structure of the moon we actually have to take seismological readings on the moon itself that's the one reason but there's another perhaps even more important one in the 1950s aerospace engineer coughed Alika once said if God had wanted men to become a spacefaring species he would have given man a moon what he meant by that was we need a moon if we want to advance further into the depths of the universe that's where we can test whether we have the technologies under control if we want to go to Mars we'll have to practice on the moon so the moon is no more than an interim step on the way to our long-term goal which is Mars the International Space Station has meanwhile proven that human beings can live for long periods in weightlessness some crew members spent up to a year in orbit but a journey to Mars would take several years and laura's would be exposed to quite different dangers that can't be simulated on board the space station a struggle for survival in a radiation filled environment far away from the resources of Mother Earth GL's for the home of the challenge on the ISS of how to survive in a habitat orbiting the earth has now been met and solved we're now ready for the next challenge which is how to survive on another planet we need to solve the problems of dust of power generation and that's how technology can be improved and advanced an international station on the moon would be the next logical step for advancing space research having its own village on the moon would give the aerospace industry an enormous boost a permanent lunar station would allow current technologies to mature and give rise to new ones and it would significantly strengthen cooperation between nations on earth village describes a concept rather than a project the moon village concept is an idea of taking the various actors worldwide over the private or state robot or astronauts bringing them together and coordinating a common cause on the moon scientists and engineers around the globe are looking into solutions for colonizing alien planets whether on the Moon or Mars long-term human survival has to be guaranteed man will not be spending a few hours on some celestial body but many days perhaps even years he needs a dwelling a habitat there are numerous constraints the harsh environment or the minimal space the space provided by the transport rocket what's special about she is that it can be folded that consists largely of petals which unfold from a core doubling its volume it's not an inflatable module but transformable by means of these petals habitat like she can only be an initial basis not a long-term habitat firstly because it needs additional components of course like greenhouse but also because it has to be erected under a radiation-proof shelf so the inhabitants are not exposed to this fatal radiation unlike the earth the moon has no magnetic field to deflect the radiation this celestial body of debris is a remote hostile and airless world surrounded by infinite nothingness they would always be a supply problem you'd only be able to take what is absolutely necessary instinct and I think life there would be very restricted maybe it can be compared a little to a station at the South Pole researchers living there are in roughly the same situation except that they don't have the constant fear that they could run out of here but before anyone can live on the moon permanently living space first needs to be created these technologies are currently being developed on earth that's what NASA but above all essa is doing together with the DL are taking regolith the moon soil and then using special 3d printing that were now also familiar with on earth to make bricks or even entire structures to win' 3d printing is a key technology for these missions which have to take us far away from Earth but the printers too would have to be taken to the moon or to Mars and to build accommodation a lot of printers will be needed research is therefore being carried out into machines that best of all replicate themselves in other words make copies of themselves on-site today with 3d printers we can do all kinds of things that weren't possible before you can create tools up there that no one would have thought possible ten years ago so for that reason I believe that with the sophisticated technology people will manage to survive up there robots autonomously building a base on the moon the necessary raw materials and energy will be produced on-site though this may appear like the vision of some science fiction author work on the technological solutions is already in progress this concept is does one angry the concept is that on the moon you only need the sand and the Sun there's no atmosphere which means you can use the Sun optimally and ponder the race to Center the sand and make it together for them in the long term that's a very realistic concept to use the materials available on site to build structures which are strong enough to withstand a pressure tight shell being blown up inside them in order to create a base where research can be carried out for a number of years an International Research Station to develop new technologies with alternating international crews what planners have in mind is an outpost based on the principle of the Antarctic stations virtus the first thing that has to be learned on site is how to make things from available materials and how to build a structure spoke to a bound con and the other thing is if we really do have enough water there that's been discovered at the poles we can use it to separate hydrogen from oxygen for instance and then we can actually produce rocket fuel on the moon and those things I find very exciting bunted [Music] but in the background the journey to Mars constantly determines our thinking and planning the fuel for a mission to the red planet and for the return to earth must be taken along an enormous burden that first has to be transported into space you'll have to use a lot of energy and if it's a manned mission you need a lot of supply systems so it's a good idea to make in quotation marks a fueling stop on the moon that's something that really needs to be looked at to again on Chalmers the cost of traveling to Mars is an estimated 400 billion euros no state on earth code or would want to finance such a mission alone there is only one way to make interplanetary exploration possible global cooperation an international research station on the moon could lay the foundations for such cooperation [Music] village is really just an intermediate goal what mankind really wants is Mars village flying to Mars and setting up a habitat there and that's only likely to happen in the 2030s or perhaps even only in the 2040s conditions on Mars have now been well researched it's believed that there used to be oceans there and perhaps even life if a guy's Tomas is there more compared to Mars the moon is of course completely boring Mars has extinct volcanoes there were different rock formations often masked by loosing his fast it was obviously liquid water on Mars at one time which means you could look for it in dried up riverbeds and you can always pursue the core question is there life you can analyze it very precisely the moon on the other hand is monotonous and that's why scientifically it doesn't make much sense the moon can be used as a testing ground for other missions they need to be undertaken at a reasonable cost and space travel has a cost problem so your first testing for example new engines via smaller missions to the moon at the moment the moon is a test laboratory but it could be of much more interest if we really start planning a mission to Mars missions the last plant a mission to Mars is now technically possible the risks however are enormous in Hmong SWAT Yahoo hooks Amasa if you spend two years flying to Mars and then discover that the habitat you've brought with you can't cope with the dust on the planet's surface you've wasted two years flying there and two years flying back for guidance with technology you could have tested on the moon in the space of about a month I named all not effective as a fan aya in that respect the moon shouldn't actually be seen as the springboard for traveling to Mars but as somewhere to test the technology like Mission Operations and everything else you need so you'll be better prepared for going to Mars with his company SpaceX Elon Musk is driving for nothing less than the permanent colonization of Mars and he wants to develop spacecraft capable of flying hundreds of settlers at a time to our planetary neighbor Mars is marked for colonization and within two or three generations 1 million people could be living on Mars it's a futuristic vision but it's the private aerospace companies in particular that are driving developments and the market forward also with regard to a Mars mission or a return to the moon and if manned space travel is to have a future it needs visions such private initiatives really make sense yeah I'm quite convinced they do not only the big initiatives like SpaceX or Branson but student initiatives as well let's take another example space lyft we hold an annual competition in our faculty in which students from all over the world come together and show each other whether it's possible to get a space lift to work that's not only a lot of fun but they also compete with each other the same thing is happening here the students motivation is enormous they learn a lot and the best thing is that they will be the engineers of the future the moon is a short-term objective for private science and student research that's also the basis for the Berlin young entrepreneurs business model should their mission to the moon prove successful they would in future like to provide a reliable moon transporter service up to our natural satellite we hope to do is make space travel affordable so that a university that's developed an instrument can come to us and say so we want to test it on the moon and for a relatively small fee we'll take it there and this university can carry out the experiment we should currently this is all state organised and extremely bureaucratic and political dish on TV and with our service we want to provide access to the moon for countries and universities and haven't been able to get up there yet the moon holds a strong attraction for scientists and researchers but for gold diggers - orbiting our planet is an enormous supply of raw materials gold platinum and iridium are all believed to exist on the moon should we be allowed to exploit raw materials from the moon and everywhere else in the universe now that's an interesting question there is such a thing as the outer space treaty dating back to the 1960s which regulates who is allowed to do what in space and it says that no nation may appropriate any planet especially the moon for certain mr. Dennis hope that was completely irrelevant he said I'm an American and according to American law I can take ownership of it in the 1990s the so-called Homestead Act was passed which says that anyone can take ownership of any land that doesn't belong to anyone else simply by filing an ownership claim at the county court I'm fussing that's exactly what Dennis Hope did he went to San Francisco asked who the moon belongs to no one came forward so he said now it belongs to me and no one objected the pursuit of profit from outer space is firing the imagination of private individuals and investors and even today companies are already gathering funds to dig for precious metals on the moon or find fuel in space their intention is to travel the solar system exploiting celestial bodies like the oceans on earth in the search for oil in Europe true entrepreneurial spirit is being shown by Luxembourg the tiny Grand Duchy is planning its future and wants to be a pioneer in space mining what can we do and what may we do in accordance with international law we work together with various universities and many experts and have come to the conclusion that in simple terms we could apply the same legislation as we do for international waters in no state is allowed to appropriate such waters either but nations are allowed to fish there and exploit the stocks commercial documents at all water from the moon or from asteroids can be split into hydrogen and oxygen a huge source of rocket fuel manned missions deep into our solar system would need vast amounts of it a fuel station in space would be far more than just a gold mine some speak of 20 years others 30 years until this is commercially possible I could only say that seen in terms of human history that's no more than the blink of an eye what our 20 or 30 years today take a look back to the 1970s when personal computers were first developed at that time a computer cost four million dollars and no one thought that a few years later there'd be one in every household hum fence but state-run space agencies are also thinking about mining raw materials in space and on the moon [Music] if they want to send people on missions deep into our solar system they will also need these resources been month ahead but if you look more closely at something like this you have to see it as a kind of raw material basis so to speak for the next step into space you take the raw materials which are there and then perhaps make something with them that you can use later on your way to exploring the universe so a functional test and then I think it could make sense but as a mining base to supply the earth it's completely impractical yet it's as far as you want talking extracting mineral resources on the moon for a good dividend on earth science fiction but entrepreneurs are seriously considering it I don't think I would invest in such a company perhaps in 200 years time but I think it's too early at the moment it's not worth it the costs are much too high I wouldn't invest in the exploration of the moon now it's just not economical at the moment on the roads officer personal but if mankind one day intends to colonize space or his perhaps even forced to leave the earth it can't be done without the raw materials that space can provide in the science-fiction film Elysium a rich elite takes flight from an over exploited earth which is sinking into chaos their new home is a mega structure put together in the Earth's orbit which generates artificial gravity through its own rotation dementia generally human beings have never accepted limits so why should we expect them at some point to say okay we've explored the earth we know it now so let's stay here and everything's fine I think the urge will be there for mankind to expand further into space not just for economic reasons but for exploration and discovery and that we will want to do so but mainly it's the moon that has always inspired the fantasy of mankind and of science fiction authors in the British TV series space 1999 from the 1970s the earth satellite serves as a springboard to the fictitious planet meta in addition humanity abuses the moon as a disposal site for its nuclear waste the US company space adventures has quite different plans for the moon the travel agency for space tourists has already brokered trips to the ISS for private individuals and in cooperation with the Russian space agency Roscosmos it now wants to offer its customers the chance to orbit the moon at around 150 million dollars a ticket Elon Musk has also announced trips to the moon his private enterprise SpaceX intends to launch tourists on a moon mission orbiting the satellite once and then returning to Earth landing on the moon is not yet envisaged the flight will be undertaken in the company's own Dragon capsule a spacecraft developed for transporting NASA astronauts to the space station the expertise and technology are available and there's no shortage of highly solvent customers who can look forward to enjoying spectacular and highly exclusive views then he of the most and of us would if I were standing on the moon what would I see a whole lunar eclipse let's take a look by drawing it here earth would be here would be here for example and I would be on it as an observer that's supposed to be an eye and back here is the Sun what's the path of the sun's rays well they hit the atmosphere here this causes refraction and they Bend that means the blue is taken out and disappears and only the red is bent towards the moon and that happens on all sides around the earth so I'll draw it on the other side the blue goes away and the red enters the eye of the observer on the moon those are the sun's rays would I now see on the moons Oh to show you I'll just draw the earth again here HD I'm here on the moon looking at the earth and behind the earth is the Sun which I can't directly see what I can see through the path of the rays is that the earth in the atmosphere has a blood-red ring around it cut and I can see that wonderfully with my own eyes and this spectacle is something really unique in our entire solar system moon and mankind they have a very special relationship the faithful companion is an object of study and at the same time the projection screen for dreams and desires the mountains for us the moon has a great cultural significance night is threatening and the moon is a light in the darkness so to speak it's something part of the earth it's a familiar neighbor it protects us in a certain way because otherwise perhaps it'd be nothing between ourselves and the rest of the universe it was the moon that first gave rise to the question are we alone this celestial object that has always simultaneously occupied both astronomers and cultural scientists I think it's the proximity the closeness that makes it the Earth's companion in the heavens that's what makes the moon so interesting mankind and the moon this pale sphere in the night sky as a visible goal of terrestrial fantasy the stimulus for man's desire to leave his own planet in 1870 jou van described its conquest in his novel from the earth to the moon unlike the 1902 feature film by George Murray a jouvens capsule doesn't actually land on the moon surface but remains in orbit but film director Miller allows his heroes to experience what is probably the most spectacular sight of modern times the earth floating in space Demond the moon as a destination is something of great scientific interest that's something we constantly need to remind ourselves moon is like the archive of our solar system and anyone with a better understanding of the moon as a geological phenomenon will understand the earth better 2:15 of the Animus the last human beings on the moon were Eugene Cernan and Jack Schmitt they danced and sang on it [Music] maybe they had a notion that they would be the last visitors for quite some time [Music] so when is the next time we'll see someone on the moon well not just yet probably in the mid-2020s moon village no that won't be a new berlin or new munich but a small astronaut settlement doing experiments and testing technology technique because the moon is only a first step on the way to Mars and there will also be something else tourism there'll be a first tourist looking back at the earth during a lunar eclipse who will see this beautiful planet of ours with the blood-red ring around it and quite honestly that's an image I'm really looking forward to man has the desire to head out into the depths of space he wants to journey through his solar system visiting alien planet but he's not quite ready a research station on the moon would be a beginning perhaps a first step a milestone not just for science but for the entire human race the moon as a base for testing new technologies but also a place for learning how we can live far away from our home planet permanently

Channel: WELT Documentary

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Keywords: full documentary, free documentary, full length documentaries, documentary film, top documentaries, spacetime, supernova, galaxy, universe, space station, astronaut, Documentaries, documentary (tv genre), documentry - topic, space documentary, science documentary, facts about the Universe, living in space, space discoveries, ISS documentary, space travel, zero gravity, exoplanet, exoplanet documentary, planets documentary, new worlds

Id: BKKEw4YqXPE

Length: 50min 29sec (3029 seconds)

Published: Thu Dec 26 2019