Acetyl COA Shuttle | Fatty Acid Biosynthesis | Part I

hello friends today we'll be discussing about fatty acid biosynthesis you know we have different kind of biochemical pathways going inside our cells to generate diversity of molecules for different purposes and this one generates fatty acids like we have all the cells having cell membrane which is composed of lipid bilayers that form the part of the cell for these fatty acids are one of the essential molecules present in our cell first of all we see the location of fatty acid biosynthesis is the cytosol of cell in case of animals but if we see in case of plants its chloroplast stroma but in this case we'll be discussing about 30 acid synthesis in animals there's in the cytosol now let's get into the details first the fatty acids are synthesized from a molecule called Estill Co a or simply we can say a style enzyme a if you remember this molecule a style coenzyme a or simpliest a CoA we get to know that this style Co e is a production of glycolytic pathway at the end of glycolysis we get pyruvate you know that in cytoplasm because this glycolysis are posed in cytoplasm this pyruvate is then transported to mitochondria for the production of s9 coenzyme a this pyruvate gets into the mitochondria and in mitochondria it releases the acetyl coenzyme a and from this style coenzyme a the cell is able to synthesize fatty acids but we have a little problem here we see the a star coins I may present in mitochondria good and fatty acid synthesis of course in cytosol so there are at different points in the cell or we can say they are at different pointers that is demarcated by a membrane mitochondrial membrane so there should be any mechanism which will transport this s-type coenzyme a into cytosol so that fatty acid biosynthesis can be driven and for this we have a mechanism called Astacio a shuttle system which turns co this Estill Co a molecule out of the mitochondria into the cytosol for fatty acid biosynthesis so in this video we'll be discussing about Astacio a shuttle system poster which will be about forestall biosynthesis and in the next part of the video we'll be discussing about this fatty acid base engines in detail after we get with this shuttle system now let's see the shuttle system now in the shuttle we see the inner mitochondrial membrane which acts as a chemical barrier because this inner mitochondrial membrane is only freely permeable to oxygen carbon dioxide and water and other other molecules are not able to cross this inner membrane easily without the carrier proteins and outer membrane not shown here to make it easy although these molecules cause the outer membrane also to get into the cytosol on the left-hand side we have a mitochondria and on the right-hand side we have a cytosol and this shuttle will explain the transportation of acetyl-coa from mitochondria into cytosol so let's get started first of all we have Estill Co enzyme molecule which is not able to grow the inner mitochondrial membrane so for this and auxilary state molecule combines with estar coa and form a molecule called citrate and this reaction is catalyzed by citrate synthase and now this citrate is able to cross the membrane easily by tricarboxylic carrier protein in exchange for malate molecule which gets into mitochondria so when citrate gets out of the mitochondria into cytosol at the same time the Malak molecule from cytosol gets into the matrix of mitochondria an exchange mechanism we will see when this male it gets into the matrix later on after Strait gets out of the inner mitochondrial membrane into cytosol the citrate rates with cytosolic coa in presence of ATP and gets cleaved down into estes coenzyme a and auxilary state and this reaction is catalyzed by citrate lies a cleaving enzyme then after this style enzyme is used for fatty acid biosynthesis and also a state module needs to get transported into the mitochondria bag but it's not able to cross the membrane so first of all it gets reduces to may lead by a reducing agent NADH and offer it gets reducer death malate is able to transport into the matrix of mitochondria so here occurs an exchange method as saturated molecule is exchanged for malate molecule and here in the matrix the malate is oxidized back to of the estate by an oxidizing agent nad plus and of the state again combines with Estelle coenzyme a and this creation goes on and on in this way a shuttle continues in a cyclic manner so this is a part first for fatty acid biosynthesis and in the preceding videos we will discuss about how fatty acids are getting synthesized from Estill Co enzyme which is now present inside of salt till now this is all about Astacio shuttle system I hope you liked the video if you liked it give it a thumbs up and make sure to subscribe channel thanks

Channel: Hussain Biology

Views: 35,574

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Keywords: fatty acid biosynthesis, acetyl coa shuttle, mechanism of acetyl coa shuttle, acetyl coa transport, fatty acid, fatty acid synthase, citrate, oxaloacetate, mitochondria syntheis, fat synthesis, how acetyl coa, transport of acetyle coa

Id: p-zfy7pyxvA

Length: 5min 34sec (334 seconds)

Published: Sat Jun 24 2017