A conversation between Lin-Manuel Miranda and Bill and Melinda Gates at Hunter College

[Music] [Music] [Music] ladies and gentlemen please welcome president of Hunter College Jennifer Arab institution Hunter College it is my pleasure and honor to welcome Bill and Melinda Gates to our campus to discuss their 10th annual letter and their philanthropic vision Bill and Melinda you could not have chosen a better moderator than Hunter zone lin-manuel Miranda I say hunters only because we are so glad to have nurtured Lynn's amazing talents from kindergarten to Hunter High School where Lynn got his first critical review his music teacher said Lynn was the at Racal dramatic and sang beautifully but seemed to have no interest in chorus it was on this very stage that we gave lin-manuel hunters hi hunter High's distinguished alum award and he sang his acceptance speech acapella Lynn we including the Hunter College campus school here today shoutout is we're so proud of you it is fitting that you moderate this conversation about philanthropy given your generosity to your alma mater your extraordinary commitment to rebuild Puerto Rico and your fundraising to revive a grand old movie palace in your old neighborhood and mine Washington Heights and Bill & Melinda you could not have chosen a more appropriate venue to discuss your vision to use philanthropy to make the world a better place than here at Hunter College you worry in your annual letter that optimism these days may as you say be in short supply but rest assured optimism infuses everything we do at Hunter the place that keeps making the American dream come true here students from 140 countries speaking more than 100 languages get a top quality education at a price working families and immigrant families can afford we believe as you do Bill Melinda that society can level the playing field through education so we celebrate Hunter senior senior tomorrow Jean the daughter of a janitor from Haiti who has just named a Rhodes Scholar we believe in Colin school who worked as a blue-collar steam fitter came back to Hunter at 26 and was just accepted at Yale Harvard and Stanford law schools we nurture first-generation college students and new immigrants we embrace hundreds of dreamers like Ramey echeverria who came here undocumented at the age of 8 from the Dominican Republic speaking no English graduated from Hunter with honors and is now helping Hunter improve an elementary school in East Harlem our founder Thomas Hunter an Irish immigrant believed in the power of education to change lives and even more radical for his time he believed in educating women regardless of their race nationality or economic status something we know is important to you - Melinda opened in 1870 Hunter was only the ninth school in the country to admit women to college from the start we have trained phenomenal teachers to improve education for all races and all classes the Gates Foundation supported Hunter's commitment to education in 2003 with a grant to launch launched Manhattan Hunter's science high school one of the first and most successful early college initiatives in the nation because of your investment kids from low-income and Rd homes or exceeding expectations they are doing college work in 12th grade on our campus with 98% of them going on to college many are here to say thank you to you today so a shout out to Manhattan hunter hi Bill and Melinda we proudly welcome you to hunt you today because you exemplify the Hunter motto mihi Cora fitori the care of the future is mine we asked our hunter students to always remember what this public institution has given them the investment it has made in their success and to give back to society it whatever path they choose I can think of no better role models than the two of you who have set a high bar through the generosity and effectiveness of your philanthropy you are an inspiration to us all you truly care for the future we look forward to learning more about your dreams and are honored that you have chosen Hunter College for this discussion so everyone please join me in welcoming Bill and Melinda Gates and our alum our moderator Hunter zone lin-manuel Miranda [Applause] the last time I was on the stage I was getting my diploma so this is very surreal please sit down we have a long night hunter college students make some noise congratulations you go to an awesome school my familiarity only extends to playing racquetball downstairs and using your swimming pool on our triple lunches from Hunter high school but I had the good fortune of winning the lottery when I was six years old and getting into a Hunter College elementary school and the education I got there shaped Who I am I am standing here before you because mr. Sherman who I see sitting over there directed me in the sixth grade play [Applause] he casting his Conrad birdie and bye-bye birdie and I don't know if you know this but I was about 12 years old and three feet tall and suddenly I was playing a role in which every person in the grade had to faint when I sang and I thought why would anyone want to do anything else for a living except for this and so here I stand before you today thanks to mr. Sherman this jingle sandramorrow here mr. sandramorrow here stand up tomorrow ladies been my best friend since kindergarten and he teaches our and I've never told this story before but when we went into labor with our first child we kind of got to the hospital too soon we were really excited and it was 3:00 in the morning and they said go home but we didn't want to go all the way back up to Washington Heights so we spent most of Labor at Danny's house on the Upper West Side so Thank You Danny for my child listen there is a lot of huntress students here today there's a lot of folks here today and and we're gonna talk about the world and we're gonna talk about tough questions that's that's sort of the goal today Bill and Melinda released their annual letter and their format this year what are the toughest questions they get and answering them we're gonna get into those we're gonna get into any questions you have for me which I promise you I'm I'm wildly under qualified to answer most of the questions you're going to be asking them so please grade me on a different curve but they answer tough questions they get about their work they write about how they decide what issues to work on their views on the Trump administration and even their marriage so I'd encourage you to read it you all have a copy at your seats those of you watching at home its PDF Abul it's readable so without any further ado please join me in welcoming Bill and Melinda Gates [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] okay I'll ask the first question you guys are leaders in philanthropy and solving problems some of the hardest problems all over the world I come up with rhymes for Aaron Burr what am I doing here and why did you want me to host we are huge fans and we met first backstage in the fall of 2015 you just kind of really made it with Hamilton on stage and fell in love of course with as many people did with Hamilton and some people would even use the word maybe for me obsessed and it's fade alive in our house still is alive in our house in fact this is the Valentine's card that bill gave me last year and when he gave me this card I was like huh okay that's what you're gonna give me as Valentine's Day card hmm your perfume smells like your daddy's got money how romantic yeah so this year he already told me ahead of time we're actually going tomorrow night Valentine's we're actually going to the Hamilton production with three other couples and haven't seen it in Seattle so it's not just that we're fans though we also really believe in what you're doing yeah it's great you know you're getting going in flam's be you're using a shortcut that I used which is to enlist my dad I'm doing a lot of the hard work so good for you you know the work in Puerto Rico some of the work in New York City it's fantastic no thank you sir we should probably add because there's a Facebook livestream going on but if you see your donate button and you want to give to wetland Manuel believes in the hurricane relief efforts in Puerto Rico please hit the donate button because that is a really important event you can do that right now while you're inviting people to play candy crush and poking your friends you can donate to help order we go with the click of a button so please do that while you're watching this live stream thank you so much yeah well listen um question number two I read your letter the ten questions you say things are improving and you are more optimistic than you have ever been about the state of the world I open Twitter with my hand covering my eyes every morning yesterday I saw a video of a robot dog that can open a door like the velociraptors in Jurassic Park so for those of us who don't necessarily share your enthusiasm or your optimism please convince us well the world is getting better by almost every objective measure it doesn't happen automatically it's because people care it's because their scientific inventions one of the key numbers that Melinda and I focus on because our philanthropies picked us our biggest cause is reducing the number of child to deaths when we got going about 12 million kids were dying a year under age 5 now because of vaccines and things that we've done with partners how that number is under five million and so it's a lot of progress it's still kind of a tragedy that the number so large there are countries where it's still over 20% of the kids don't make it to their fifth birthday but worldwide we're down to 5% if we make progress in the next 25 years we'll cut it in half again and so that's you know ever the world should be proud the the donations that are made the scientists the people in the field and a lot of other things you know this city used to have over 2,000 murders a year now it's it's well under 400 you know there are some things we're making progress on now we we should still feel bad about what's left to be done yeah and I think that's one of the points of one of the reasons we do an annual letter every year is you know the news grabbing attention grabbing headlines are about all the things that are terrible in the world but if you've been doing this work as long as we have you know over 17 years and you traveled the places we go India all over Africa the progress is palpable people are lifting themselves out of poverty and yet I don't think that actually makes the news a lot and so we want to be transparent about what we're doing but also what we're learning because this for us is a learning journey and we're learning so much in this work that we want other people to know about as well yeah I you know I I'm gonna turn it over to audience questions soon but I guess given the size and scope of your foundation in the organization how do you begin to make decisions on where to start well we pick two things that spoke to us one was global health that every child should have a chance to grow up in and thrive and then here in the US we picked education because we were both lucky enough to have great education so that really is the gateway to opportunity and you know once we pick those then we started down a learning journey it's been a little over 18 years now since we got serious about this I've been on it full-time for ten years and Melinda's gotten more and more time and so our partners in in driving it but those were the two things that Unleashed our passion and we saw a possibility yeah and I would just add that you know education here in the United States I mean you and I talked a little bit backstage and you talked about even on stage when you get a good education here you get to go to a hunter college or a hunter college early high school it changes the trajectory of your life and for your parents doesn't sound like it was easy financially for them to put you through college it certainly wasn't easy for my parents to put me and my siblings through college and yet that set me on this path and so we want to make sure that students in this country all have a chance to have a mr. Sherman at the front of the classroom to bring that passion along right because kids all have passions and they need to see how do they use it everybody can learn and then to really get a great job in this economy you really should go on to college and so we spend about a half a billion dollars a year trying to help fix the u.s. education system so every kid in the United States has that great opportunity so you guys wrote some questions these are your questions I got nothing up my sleeves these the things you wrote I have one we're gonna go into the audience for for microphone questions but I'm also gonna ask some of your questions that you wrote down on the cards so the first one is from me Lowe Falcone what was it like dropping out of Harvard and what made you keep going well I was super lucky to go to a great high school and at that high school there was a very clunky thing a terminal that connected to a computer and the teachers got scared and confused by it so a few students kind of stuck with it and and sort of figured out what was going on and so I fell in love with computing I went to Harvard but I was a little worried that the computing revolution would start without me and so the computers got you saw this clunky thing and said this is the next well they combined with a friend of mine Paul Allen who saw that they were putting computers on ships and that the number of transistors was doubling every several years so the idea they were gonna become cheap and these so called personal computers we saw that we believed in it and we wanted to write the software for it and so when I went off to Harvard I had a great experience there took a lot of classes you know they fed me every day it was kids around but then when a the first KITT computer using that microprocessor came out ah Paul and I said okay we've got to be the first to get in on this and that's when I I left school but it if you know I recommend for most people it's probably best to stick out the four years I only got three years I always ask how did your parents react when you made that phone call I'm dropping out but you promised them you were gonna go back right what if things didn't work and I did get subsequently an honorary degree you have any questions we have our microphone folks on the audience unity yes go ahead can we get a mic over here down here here comes the runner runner number two fantastic okay hi my name is Julianna furrow yay I'm a philosophy Poli Sci major I will have a question for all three of you guys actually one I guess is kind of like a two-part question um are you who you want to be or who you wanted to be like growing up and are you the change in this world that you want to see mm-hmm what an amazing [Applause] [Music] [Applause] I never dreamed I'd be where I am I said we were talking about this a bit backstage I went to college and I only picked schools that would allow me to double major in theater and film because I knew I wanted to make movies I knew I wanted to write songs but I hadn't decided yet and so I said okay well if college will be useful for anything will be helping me decide and one of the things that happened was I kind of fell into theater ironically for someone who took 14 years to write two musicals for the instant gratification of it I could go to school and I could write something in the fall and put it up in the theater or in a cafe or in the corner of a you know study room in the spring and and I fell in love with how quickly you could make things in theater and how quickly you could write to the moment you know cut to seven years later I'm still working on in the heights which I started writing when I was 19 but i-i've had a lot of good luck and for me the good luck has not been in any of the hard work in developing my talents but in finding collaborators I met Tom just like you met Paul Allen I met Tommy Kael the week after I graduated from college and I instantly knew that this was a director who was much much smarter than me and and I urge you to find those people who make you better and and sharpen the talents you have and I was very lucky too sometimes you look your whole life for those collaborators and I found 9 June 2002 and so that that sort of changed my life and that I was not alone in this journey anymore I had a partner in crime and then that grew as we continued to working on our show and so I get to stand up here with the Gates's because a lot of amazing people made me better at my job through collaboration and I think that's that's the magic of working with theatre is that it's you're forced to work together and you're forced to let the best idea in the room win if you're if you're working at your best and so it's it's a credit to them that I get to be here and and yeah it's way beyond I mean my my goal was to one day meet Weird Al Yankovic and I've met him so I good I haven't met weird al' yankovic yeah okay you know everything I don't think in your wildest dreams I never thought I'd be up on a stage doing something like this but I will say um I knew coming out of high school in college I absolutely wanted to work as a woman and I wanted to have a family and so if by those two measures I knew you know I also wanted to meet somebody obviously that I could do that way I'd have that a dream I certainly when I first went to work at Microsoft which was my first full-time job out of college I certainly didn't think I was gonna meet Bill but we did fall in love obviously it's Valentine's Day tomorrow but the other thing I will say that I knew I for various reasons I did one of the graduation speeches at my high school and I went to a high school whose Maudie motto was serve iam that is to serve and they sent us out in the community I worked Dallas County Courthouse the hospitals I worked in public schools and one of the things I said in my high school graduation speech was that success to me was to know that one life had breathed easier because you had lived and so I never dreamt that I would be doing that on the scale that bill and I get to do it but I did know that was part of somebody I want it to be so I just tell you that your dreams do come true well I definitely started with a very narrow view of hey I'm good at math I'm actually good at science I'm good at software software's very cool and I'm gonna write some of the best software code ever written that was my you know big ambition and self-image then the idea that I could build a company around that and I could that company could be at the forefront of a revolution of individualized computing that was amazing and throughout my 20s I was obsessed with that you know I didn't believe in vacation I worked day and night and then in my thirties that really had to achieved a lot of my goals I met Melinda you know my parents have been talking about there being philanthropy and community and various things like that and so you know I was lucky enough because of my relationship with Melinda to start thinking more broadly and then told her that hey not only you know will we give this money away but you know I'll retire and we'll make this our full-time work so now I feel like fulfilling some things that my parents would have wanted but it's been a journey pick up on this point though that lin-manuel made about collaboration because you talk about that in private but not as public as much I mean you've had amazing collaborators over time no I mean early in the company right yeah certainly you know the the basic idea of the opportunity Paul Allen was key to that Steve Ballmer was a student at Harvard with me in the same dorm and played a absolutely key role in building the company up how he hired people and just you know we got to hire good people but those of my two key partners who made it fun and you know could sort of see when I was on to something big and and support me or holding me back when I was a little out of control so it was great that's important so look for those collaborators they're huge Facebook and people watching at home we don't want you to feel left out so we're gonna take a question Facebook and here's the first one Catherine Lin had asked about the me to movement and steps we can take to root out predatory behavior Melinda what do you hope comes out of the meet you conversation yeah so I'm as difficult as the meet you conversation has been in has been I am so glad these issues are coming forward that women if we know when they're facing them all over the world all over the world everywhere I go India Africa here in the United States we need transparency and so we're finally at this phase where there's transparency I don't think we're done with that yet I think there will be more cases coming out and then it is what do you do with it and I one of the things that I am so encouraged to see is women stepping forward not just about their stories but we have 80 women running for governor's offices we now have 400 women yeah 400 women on both sides of the aisle running for US House representatives we have eight we have 50 women running for the Senate so women's stepping forward and saying I'm gonna take a leadership role I'm gonna make sure that if I get a leadership role these kinds of things don't happen and I think we have the opportunity to really create a 21st century work force that works for men and women and that's what I hope comes out of the me to movement testing let's take a question from the balcony do you ever run off there and we got a question up in the balcony it's hard to see thank you for being here today Bill and Melinda also Lynn my name is shimla nephew I'm here on behalf of Emory University and I worked with a doctor from the chemistry research department as well as the medical research department and so I had the chance to read screw business-as-usual by Richard Branson and I had the opportunity to learn about the Gates Foundation and how you all partner with companies like McKenzie to supply pharmaceuticals for AIDS crisis in countries like Zimbabwe and so I spent my career in my education focusing on ways that I can help others and so I came up with a concept using shipping containers to supply temporary affordable housing for homeless individuals that can be scaled through land banks in the United States as well as rural and immigrant communities in the global atmosphere so I want to know what was the bit what would be the best way to provide you all of my binder that I have developed become [Applause] [Music] [Applause] that's why I love you water glass yes fantastic that's that sounds like amazing work thank you so much for that I think you can hide a hand the better to that runner and the runner I'll get it backstage but you know that also begs that the larger question you know I got a billion dollars a lot of people have a billion dollars whatever idées ways that people people can sort of help and on the local level on the individual level yeah I love what you're doing that you're taking your time and you're really learning about these issues deeply and then you're putting that passion to work you're figuring out a project that actually can make a difference for homelessness and that's what I want to say to everybody in the room no matter what age you are and no matter what socioeconomic status you have time energy money brains and so learning about these issues and taking your passion and getting to work doing something you have no idea what a difference that makes that if you can make a difference in one life or in your community or at a bigger global scale all of those ripples go out and make a difference in the world and so I would say get started now because it makes a big difference fantastic from this do you think progressive musicals such as in the heights exist in today's political climate is slash administration how do the implications of that musical conflict with the current state of our country well actually tomorrow is the ten year anniversary of in the heights [Applause] I know that because of the Facebook on the state function Thank You Facebook keep donating and hitting that button but you know it's what's what's really interesting is when we were trying to mount in the heights a lot of the issues that the show was about gentrification you know financial displacement and economic struggle we were told by producers not the producers we ended up with but in our journey that they weren't high-stakes enough we talked about this a little bit backstage you know Nina comes home from having not survived her first year at Stanford and I can't tell you how many people were like is that relatable maybe she should have an abusive boyfriend maybe she's pregnant maybe she's you know insert your telenovela issue here and I'm so proud of Tommy and Kiara my co-writer for us sort of sticking to our guns and saying no these these are issues that are high stakes and if you don't feel they're high stakes enough it's our job to dramatize them so that they feel high stakes and you know there's there's a verse in 96,000 that Sonny Singh is that could have been written this afternoon it's actually alarming how prescient it is it's uh you know the the rent is escalating there's something I don't even remember it anymore but it goes on what about immigration politicians be hatin racism in this nation's gone from Layton to Blaine's [Applause] investing protests never lose my focus till the city takes notice and you know this man I'll never sleep because the ghetto has a million promises for me to keep and you know the immigration move in in particular is it's as virulent a conversation as it's ever been so I wish that it were more dated but I'm sort of seems to be more more prescient than ever let's take another question from from the audience yes the red with the strike number two is coming hi my name is Ashley Roth am a junior at Hunter thank you all for being here first of all I have a question for you Bill Gates what advice do you have for future entrepreneurs well clearly we need a hugely broad set of talents but if your talents take you towards science or programming you know advances in biology or energy breakthroughs those kind of deep areas are going to be the the biggest source of change you know we need better tools to deal with all these diseases worldwide you know governments are having the problems meeting all the needs out there partly because health costs are exploding and the only solution to that I see is innovation so we we need so many skills people are willing to go out in the field and do the work people will work with patients directly but if you haven't cleaned that science grabs you and it is hard work that's where a lot of the opportunity comes from so you know I was lucky that you know I was in the software and engineering but I I hired people who understood sales and marketing and in human resources so it is a very broad team but the more you can learn the science the more you'll see where that next opportunity is I know another question from the PACA this is from Aisha I usually make some noise if you hear hey thank you great question in your 2017 open letter you mentioned the support you got from Imams and Senegal regarding birth control how do you promote sound reproductive choices in Africa without being seen as second wave colonialists oh great thank you for that question one of the things I think we've learned in this in trying to promote contraceptives that first and foremost the woman has to be at the very center of the decision and she needs to be educated about her body and about her options and you have to do that in a local cultural context and so we only work with local partners who have been in doing this kind of work for many many years sometimes decades in these communities and to Rhian one of the things that we've learned is that it's a universal truth but people want their children to not just survive but to thrive another universal truth is that if you can space the births of your pregnancy space the births of your children by three years they're twice as likely to make it to their fifth birthday twice as likely so this is the greatest anti-poverty tool we've ever had which is to allow him to space servers so in Senegal is great I met with you moms at the top of their hierarchy and they said look we can use the Koran allows for family planning we will help you in West Africa to get that message out all the way down to the local village and mom so that he is giving the message to women and to men and sometimes you have to start with the men first and educate them about why their wives and their children will be healthier if they're allowed access to contraceptives but I've become very passionate about this issue because we use contraceptives in the United States we use them broadly and yet 200 million women around the world are asking us for contraceptives and don't have access so if we do it in the culturally sensitive way believe me women will take it up in droves they're asking us for them I want to know the answer this question is from Catherine and she put a smiley face in a heart Thank You Catherine what do you think will happen to human civilization with further development in AI technology and as someone who just saw a robot dog open a door I'm very curious I think I'll let Bill take that one but AI is just the latest in technologies that allows to produce a lot more goods and services with less labor and overwhelmingly over the last 700 years that has been great for society I mean we used to all have to go out and farm we barely got enough food when the weather was bad people would starve now through better seeds fertilizer lots of things most people are not farmers and so AI will bring us immense new productivity now it'll bring it quickly enough that adjusting for that and really understanding how do we train people for the new jobs how do we have the the benefits programs work the right way that's a very key thing but it will allow us to take this shortage where we don't have enough people to go out and work with elderly people or reduce class size or help special needs kids this extra productivity is is a very very good thing used in an enlightened way someday we'll even get to the point where we can say hey people don't have to work super long hours they can have cured so their life they don't work as much now what will that means you know the that's the sort of more social philosophical side will have to answer that but AI can be our friend in terms of allowing us to take these huge shortages both here in the US and the world at large and provide to everyone what only a few people are able to get today so I I have a question I found this photo of the two of you and I have to ask what is happening okay well first of all you know how you have that moment when you're dating somebody and you're trying to get to know each other so you share things so we were sharing movies with one another and my favorite movie all-time hands-down is sound of music and I was a little worried about showing it to Bill you know in those first few months of dating but it turned out when I said okay I'm gonna watch this he loved it too thank God and so for my 50th birthday which is a few years ago we took my entire extended family 19 of us to Salzburg and we had a sound of music party now unlike your family that I also know went and got you took a video of it we are not done with the sound of music in the miranda household we're not exactly musical so we put on our lederhosen and our drizzles and we actually dance the lindlar somebody came in and sang some of the sound of music movie musical for us and then they taught us to dance the lindlar it was a lot of fun that's awesome okay we don't just pinkies up you have an embarrassing photo we brought one of you so we've got to know what what's going on here okay so wait a minute the high school can appreciate this this is from spirit week you guys don't do spirit week it's where they indiscriminately sort of divide the school up into like teams and we have these sort of activities and the best team wins I was the spirit captain my senior year I guess our team started with an e and I don't know I think I look like a young Salvador Dali I feel hashtag blessed okay what's up take another question from the audience but let's go in the back here gray gray shirt in the middle there yes yes you you yes that's right number two pass that mic fantastic hi I'm Jerry I'm a sophomore at Hunter ah this is for you bill um how do you think you were mentioning this stuff about like in the future with jobs and AI how do you think that developing economies like in Africa will be able to handle new information technology that might take over jobs that people would be developing to become and B start taking how do you think the AI might impact that yeah so historically there's been a path to middle income status that partly involved doing manufacturing jobs and being the export oriented and the Asian miracles starting with Taiwan Japan and South Korea and more recently all of China have gone up with a ton of manufacturing jobs and now textile industries moving to places like Bangladesh as those jobs are more automated the nature of how you're going to educate your population and what sort of exports they'll engage in it will be different it'll be more service-oriented like we've seen in India with things like call centers and and software but the basic idea that you you get your country to be healthy you get your education system to work well then you get a generation that the the demographic dividend that's particularly large and they are creating businesses and wealth that basic pattern will continue in fact you know today people live in middle-income countries in 1960 there were rich countries and poor countries and basically no middle-income countries now with China sort of behind in India at the low-end everything in between is middle-income and so we only have left about a quarter of humanity in these countries that are low income and and so they will be able to get educated they're already getting mobile phones at a much lower level of wealth they're getting advanced vaccines at a much lower level of wealth you know hopefully they'll get houses made out of you know innovative new ideas so the the path is absolutely there but it'll involve less manufacturing jobs then it than it did in the past yeah and I was just in Kenya just to bring the point home I was in Kenya two weeks ago and one of the places I visited was in Nairobi and they had an IHOP and the great thing about this I hub was you had a lot of educated students who are coming in with app ideas and they finally are setting up a venture capital fund to actually fund their ideas and they're coming up with ideas that work not just in Kenya but in other places in the continent so they're coming up with these homegrown solutions that work for them that we wouldn't even think about here and so using that IQ for the continent I think is gonna be so important over time and it was just great to see some of their really pretty neat ideas I have a question and it's it's addressed in the ten tough questions thing but I I want to hear you answer it out loud which is when you guys disagree billions are at stake what does that well I mean how do you how do you guys get to consensus because you're also married to each other yeah so okay so first of all we we we're not we're not afraid we answer this in our annual letter but we have shared goals absolutely for the foundation you try to always keep your eye on those goals as a couple and those are totally shared there's definitely some tactical day-to-day pieces where you may not always agree but I would say this neither of us are afraid of a little bit of Grist in the system neither in business nor in our marriage right that's how you actually grow and so we will have tough conversations bill I might be out in the developing world and see something that bill hasn't yet gotten to see or he might read about something or been in a meeting the scientists so we're educating each other and and then it's just a matter of we always take those disagreements when we have them in private because just like a family with your kids you show up as United Front and so in business we show up with the United Front that this is who we are and how we believe it but so we work those things out at home but it does make a difference and having some disagreements at times but really listening to each other I'm always interested in his point of view I know he's always interested in mine I think sometimes our disagreements sharpen our questions that we ask each other you know we ask each other things like are you sure you're gonna get polio done which bill is taking the lead on I mean that's a really hard problem or he'll ask me in family planning a little bit you know are you sure you have the tools you need it are you really thinking about what products women might want you know ten years from now and those are great questions right absolutely I want to hear your answer at the same class so I agree with everything in private remember you know I can get very enthused about things I can be pushing teams really hard and so Melinda's advice on you know am I sure you know something big can happen you know is the team getting the key message that they just need to fix a few things but we believe in them you know and what piece of work should we go about solving a particular problem there are definitely things where we specialized will have a different point of view and working together as well as reason and family together there's a certain intensity to that but you know we're very lucky because you know we just we mostly see things the same way the the goals are very much the same and you know we're 25 years into you know learning how to listen to each other so it works well we do have to agree sometimes on date nights too as all parents do I'm sure you do this not talk about the kids after a while and not talk about business the foundation about current politics yeah let's take another question from you at home in Facebook lands actually I'll get to you guys again in a second but I'm so glad you're so enthusiastic all right Lynn Ellsbury Bates Pathan take an ombré it's wonderful would like to ask bill if he thinks Alzheimer's is curable yes I do but so far the many many drugs have been tried at great expense have not succeeded and so there's a lot we don't understand about the brains the you know even memory and sleep things that you think would be understandable the next few decades we are going to get grain gain great insights very recently companies to figure out how to get drugs to get into the brain there's a barrier there so most drugs don't work up in the brain and so that makes us very hopeful there's a few new theories about how you still have to start early on help the energy system the brain because of course this is a disease that you mostly get when you're in your 70s and your 80s and so I've met a lot of great scientists you know making sure they they can recruit patients they have enough money for their high-risk ideas in these expensive trials that's where I think I can come in and make sure they get the right backing but yes with the right patients we can cure it now that won't fix people like my dad who are pretty far along but for generations to come it'll be a much better picture yes okay another question do young lady right here number one you want to head over there with the mic right yes you yeah you were standing no sorry behind you gray sweater yes yeah sorry oh sorry okay I'll catch you next hi my name is Emma and bousai you'd I am a senior at Hunter College history major and I've spent the past two and a half years in the adolescent education program actually um when I was in elementary school I had a project where they were like what would you ask Bill Gates if you could ask him a question and my question back in elementary school was I would ask him for five bucks I think so I think you're naive Robie anecdote however speaks to this being a larger issue in terms of education policy however where the plans of the philanthropic field are so often focused on the long term where poor students and students of color have far more immediate needs that that that prevents their success so I'm wondering and too often are they worked for and worked on but not worked with so I think something that would also help a lot of the Hunter College High School students here are what are your plans in working in the education field to plan on working with students what avenues do they have to communicate with you and in the past what methods of communication on the part of these populations are more successful to you what what do you listen to what voices do you hear and follow a push and yell higher [Applause] [Music] I mean the difference between can I have five butts and that question is exponential so I'll leave it to you well education we do some things that are more immediate and something sort of longer-term longer term would be like how the financial aid packages work making it easier to you know fill out the FAFSA making it more generous making it fit for students were having to do things jobs while they're getting their education we do a lot with online learning which can lead to some of that flexibility improve the quality of the classes the most immediate thing we've done is what we call the the Gates Millennium Scholarship which was a thousand kids a year over a 20-year period who got scholarships and then you know not only was that hopefully helpful to them but the the goal was that they'd go out and and be a role model and and helping the communities they came from I want it sort of but we asked the second part of your question which is what are the most effective ways in which people communicate with you because I think this the question the questionnaire that you release is a great example of checking for blind spots are constantly checking for the information you don't have what's what are sort of the best avenues for young people excellent questions like that to get to you well you can either via this letter you can go up on gaits letter comm and literally just send us a question part of the reason we did these ten tough questions that we've gotten over time and this year was to encourage more questions of us and our work and we're gonna answer those and answer them very honestly and transparently or you can also do the same thing on the Gates Foundation website to this point just to build on what Bill said about supporting low-income students not only are we doing the things that Bill said but we are also with our education strategy now you know for us about fixing the school system is so that every student has a great teacher every kid in the classroom and one of the things we've learned over time is we actually have to go out and see what ideas are in the local community and see what ideas bubble up from students and from teachers and then fund those local ideas and let those scale up so we are actually doing more local funding now of schools than we've ever done as opposed to trying to say okay we're gonna fix the system from here and push down ideas we'll still do some of that we're actually trying to do it more locally and that is a way to get your voice into the into the work as well thank you the young lady who sorry let me get back to you because I know you thought you had the mic and everything yeah yeah respected mr. and mrs. Gaines and mr. Miranda my name is Muskaan Kaur I'm currently a freshman at hunter college pursuing computer science firstly it's such a great moment for me to be able to speak to you for all of us we're all very inspired with exceptional influence that your foundation has all around the world can you share what Sharon's does how you measure your success in philanthropy in regard to the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and success in your business and career what advice can you share with us the youth regarding how we should define our success and accomplishments in our life thank you [Applause] go ahead okay um I would say take whatever it is you're passionate about and you're passionate about now and just keep building on it surround yourself with people who believe in you and you believe in them and keep building on that passion and you can never know exactly what path that's gonna take in life but if you're passionate right now about computer science and you're obviously a woman boy putting that to use do we need more women in computer science because all the things Bill talked about you know artificial intelligence machine learning we need diverse voices at the table and we don't have them right now when I was in college about 37% of computer science graduates were women that was back in the late 1980s now we're down at 18% Wow you want to talk about a system that doesn't represent everybody and so keep following your passion and whether you use computer science there are just so many directions you can take it in so no matter what direction you take it in just make sure you're working with great people around you it's a good question from the ones you've pre-written this is from Daniella makes noise Daniella right in the midst this is very close to my heart in the midst of Puerto Rico's fragility after Maria and now after the recent generator fire what contributions to reconstruction do you hope to contribute this is really for all three of us but I'll take the first crack at it Daniel you know I I have a lot of family on the island my family still does not have power in their part a big alpha the town does but the mountains in America don't yet I am sure you have many people going through the exact same thing and it's wild disparity even within the 78 municipalities and my greatest fear is that it's gonna take till May to rebuild the same old power grid and then here comes hurricane season again and we haven't been any smarter about what we're building and so you know my my question and pivot to you guys is in terms of climate change which you know I there's a huge influx of puerto ricans to the mainland and and they really are climate change refugees they are here because of this storm you know what do you see as the challenges sort of going forward not only with what the vehicle but in terms of the way climate changes has is continuing to affect the world yeah well we've certainly it hasn't been a great year for US policy on climate change you know the the withdrawal from the Paris Accords and the research priorities in the Department of Energy are a setback now having said that I still remain optimistic in some ways the those administrative policies are creating a backlash we're at the state and city level at the level of entrepreneurs and companies people are saying no this is more important than ever and this is a tough problem where we need innovation people want cheap energy it's not gonna work to say to India hey the u.s. got all this great electricity and it's been nice now you can't Electrify like we did you can't have refrigerators and air conditioning because of this problem we have to give the India a breakthrough that lets them have electricity like we've enjoyed and do it without any greenhouse gas emissions and so there are various pathways you know unbelievable batteries or super chief nuclear that has a new level of safety there's like ten different paths where you can imagine a whole new energy system we need to move full-speed and funding basic research and risk and countries other than the United States thank goodness are moving ahead China which is the along with the US the biggest emitter has some very aggressive policies they have very strong popular back into that they are raising their research money we're in kind of a rough because things get worse and worse you know the sea-level rise the weather that the for farmers in Africa to face island nations bear a lot of it through through storms and the the sea-level rise so we need to be installing a whole new energy system by 2050 to make sure we don't get into a really extreme situation so we need innovators and we need new tools like new seeds that help people not have to suffer as much yes so outside the foundation bill leads an effort that we're invested in called the breakthrough energy fund which is to get new innovations in energy because energy affects so many people around the world inside of the foundation we actually do things that are seeds that help farmers mitigate climate change so drought resistant seeds where you can get you know 30% more yield which means you get more income for your family and more to give to feed them we also do flood resistant seeds because now the rains are coming and when we travel what we hear from farmers whether it's in northern India whether it's all over the continent of Africa you stand in a person's small plot which is you know not the size of the stage and they'll tell you the rains are coming at different times they're coming in torrential downpours or they're not coming at all they're coming much later and we're getting very little so they feel the effects now and so I think both working on the long term working on the seeds for now and then doing what you're doing which is keeping this at the forefront you know saying look Puerto Rico's got a rebuild now and they may have another hurricane we have to keep all three pieces in mind so that we're making all the right investments shorty short medium and long term yeah and I can also tell you Julianna what we've done that the organization I've been raising money for is the Hispanic Federation and we have a new project called Palma si and it's giving grants to community organizations that already exist and it's everything from agriculture to rebuilding long-term roofs that will you know that are you know better than the FEMA tarps and we everything from fisheries to but really investing in agriculture investing in sustainable solutions that will survive a hurricane season so that is our going forward and you can donate at Facebook by literally clicking on the button while you're watching this live stream and with that transition let me get into the audience yes you in the grave yep that's right come on down hi I'm Jill Jill I'm a community health and public policy student here at Hunter my question is for Melinda hi so I know that you champion birth control and family planning contraceptives as you were talking about earlier for women all over the world how do you ensure those things for women in places where it might be dangerous for them to seek it and how can you make it safe for them and also sustainable for those of it thanks thanks for that question yes so women will tell you all over the world that it can be dangerous to use contraceptives their mother-in-law doesn't like the idea their husband might like not like the idea but they will go to incredible lengths to get it and so one of the things that we didn't have in this work and this is true of a lot of the global health work is we didn't have good data and one of the things our foundation is committed to is making sure that we're making decisions based on data but we didn't have great data in contraceptives or in many issues about women because the world didn't fund those issues and we know that what gets measured is what gets done so we've actually built a whole data system where we have young women go out in the community their community health workers or local community people and they talk to women in their homes and if the woman can't answer the questionnaire that's on this community health workers cell phone she'll often say meet me in the village for tea or meet me at the well and they will go and hear what their issues are and then tell them a safe place to go for contraceptives so we have all we have things to fix all over the world and it's different in different places whether it's the husbands who resist you start educating them first whether it's getting the supply chain fixed or whether it's educating women and so you have to look country by country and honestly I was just in Kenya region by region in Kenya is different one of the issues in the rural parts of Kenya is there's 25% teen pregnancy rate so there they're meeting the mayor women's issue needs but they're not reaching the teens and so we have to work on all of those issues systematically at the local community level and I think if you're hearing anything from all of us today it's about working at the global level but also it starts with working at the community level because that what's what builds up to the global results I have one more question here from your cards this is from Igor so you're all of the front row okay that's weird what what are if any your weakness is when running both the Microsoft and Gates Foundation as every human has their limits kind exclamation point gives you butterflies slash anxiety thinking about so what are the things what are your weakness is what are the things that make you anxious about your work well I'm you know probably best at something that uncomplicated systems issues are you know visionary you know how things are going to develop and so you know dealing with the the hiring issues the management issues you know I always have to get other people to come in and and help out you know have deep sensitivity to how we were gonna build up the team and you know even even areas like sales and accounting you know that weren't as exciting to me as the the engineering pieces you know they're if it's not exciting to you're probably not going to be as good at it and so we've we brought a ton of people in on those things governmental relations I didn't realize until too late how important those were well let's talk about that I mean we're in the thick of that right now I mean that's one of the questions you face and you said it's your most asked question in dealing with the Trump administration what are the challenges besides the ones we read and scream at our computers about well amazingly the administration that did the most to help the poor in the world that raise foreign aid the most was President Bush and their HIV medicines malaria work the biggest increases ever took place in that 2000-2008 period President Obama did a great job maintaining and slightly improving those things but the budget was tighter now those things are under attack and that's very central the u.s. generosity there if we if that goes away even a ten percent cut would mean five million deaths over the next decade and so that you know the fact that that is being questioned by the executive branch fortunately the Congress has kept it in in place that means we have to go explain why even in a very narrow view of is this good for Americans to have Africa be stable and have health systems that stop pandemics and reduce the chance of our army having to go fight fight there and lose lives are these investments even in that sort of America first mindset still very very why so you know we're spending more time in DC and making sure that congressional final say still is supportive yeah this foreign aid money that the u.s. spends is less than 1% of the entire US budget and yet it is so vital to creating peace and security around the world and it's also vital in terms of keeping disease from coming into our own country I mean we saw the scare with Ebola it's only because there were health workers on the ground working on polio in Nigeria but that didn't break out and wide scale and and end up all over the world so if you believe in any form of soft power if you believe that the world is more peaceful when it's prosperous and low-income nations can grill build into middle-income nations then you invest in foreign aid so it makes absolutely no sense to us when we see an administration budget come forward and there are severe cuts to foreign aid or there's a zero in the column for contraceptives for women I mean you'reyou're leaving women in destitute poverty if you don't fund contraceptives and the u.s. used to be the biggest funder of contraceptives around the world well well another question for the audience over here yes who do you got for me number four oh yes all the way in the back blue glasses elementary school so um what do you think you could do to help bring Peter to communities all over the world [Applause] that was so great I'm really glad you asked that just now in particular thank you for that great question because actually it actually ties into this latest budget which was which had a zero next to the column for the National Endowment for the Arts which i think is a huge mistake one of the misconceptions of the National Endowment for the Arts that I think is as common is that it's fun it's somehow funding art that people should already be paying for when actually a lot of the money for the NEA goes to things in all 50 states and goes to underserved communities theaters all over the world theaters all over our country and local arts economies and there in West Virginia and they're all over the south and they're in all 50 states and that's just as vital a part of our economy as anything else is so by defunding that you're actually defunding poor communities you know I believe in the power of theater I believe that when our robot dog overlords take over I'm not as optimistic as bill we will still tell each other stories in the dark I think that is our oldest art form and I don't think that's ever going away and and so you know I think that's that's worth fighting for and that's worth protecting and and I think we've seen over and over again studies will bear this out that when you have art and and music next to math and science as a part of your education you have it all test scores go up you know music involves both sides of the brain and and so you know I think it's important to continue to invest in those know it change the world and you are a part of that and your glasses are adorable I have one more question from Facebook ad this question number three and it is from Mark Zuckerberg if you could go back and get your young he's got some shot younger self one piece of advice what would it be asking for a friend well mark marks doing amazing things he and his wife Priscilla have started their philanthropy at a much younger age than we did and they're they've taken on some ambitious things and of course they have their young kids some arts running the company you know I was so naive about different skill sets you know I thought if somebody had a high IQ they could be good at everything and the idea that you needed to blend these different types of skills together that always you know continued to surprise me and you know hopefully I've learned pretty much by now but that sort of notion that there was just this simple idea of smartness and it could go and solve everything I wish I'd known better than to think that I think yeah I think I would say for Mark's friend not remark himself is is to trust yourself you know you probably know more than you think you do and I could sometimes get pretty impatient with myself and and yet I have gone back I think when I was in my 30s and 40s I went back and realized that I knew a lot even coming out of high school about who I wanted to be and what I wanted to do in the world and so to trust that younger self and to carry it with you all the way through I wish somebody had told me that I might have been a little less impatient on myself and then I'll say the other thing is that at that point of trusting is trust that you can learn anything I mean one of the fun things for me about hanging around my husband in a work setting and at home is he reminds me all the time and he's role models that for everybody is you can learn any field you want to learn so just because I didn't learn great biology in high school I actually have to learn a lot of it now for the work we do at the foundation and so he's taught me you can just go learn in the fields that you didn't learn before you know and that's a really encouraging thing to know that you can just learn anything what would you say I I think it's it's along the lines of your first answer I would put it as if I could look at high school me and just say it's not that deep I'm looking at you guys everything feels like the biggest deal in the world at all times particularly socially everything you know there's a day when it feels like everybody hates you and it feels like the world is gonna end that day honestly theater is what saved me from that because once I started getting cast in the school play I started making friends outside my grade and you realize oh when the drama is too deep here I can go into another hallway and where no one even knows any of that and you know and that's that's sort of a function of the age I think that's a function of adolescence it's like everything the states just become higher because you were literally feeling more than you have ever felt in your life and sometimes that can have disastrous consequences when you can't see the long-term and so I would just say it's not that deep it's not that that's what I would say let's take some more audience questions yes I want the scarf here in the third row my mic three you want to come down and get someone give her a mic I love that your stage directing hi my name is Leila I'm a freshman at don't know what I'm studying yet because it's not that deep so learn so quick everyone knows the quote you can feed a man a fish and you know he'll be fed for that day but if you teach a man to fish he'll learn to fish forever he'll you'll have food forever basically so my question is how can we give but also make a long-lasting impact that's a question for you guys well certainly helping people be healthy it's that long-term benefit criteria you know one of the great tragedies in Africa today is not just that a bit over 10% of the kids die before their fifth birthday but that the majority of the kids who do survive haven't gotten enough nutrition to develop physically and mentally to achieve their full potential and so it really holds everything back even when you get the education and the opportunity piece right that health health piece how it comes quite limiting now fortunately science is beginning to understand a lot about malnutrition that will give us even better tools than we've had to help those kids out so something that's catalytic and long-term like that you know where the country eventually wants to be on its own will be on its own farming I'd say it's the same way magic seeds long before we came along the biggest thing in philanthropy was the Ford and Rockefeller Foundation supporting what was called the Green Revolution where they came up with seeds that were twice as productive and so in the 70s and 80s were people that expected tens of millions to die of starvation because the food output was just not good enough in fact that was a period where the calories per person actually went to up in Asia which then of course led to a lot of the success that we're seeing now so there are things breakthroughs and systems that have these very enduring effects you know one of the things we've tried to do with the foundation is to put the tools in people's hands so they can lift themselves out of poverty nobody wants to have a continuous handout they want to lift themselves up and we take some of those basic things for granted here I mean probably all of you in this room got quite a few vaccines when you were children that's why we don't have disease as many diseases in the United States we grow up essentially healthy so making sure that that start in life goes well for people or making sure as bill said they have a seed or they learn about you know the right planting technique so they can get more yield off their land but the tools that have come we need to make sure they're democratized and they get out and they need the needs of people in Africa but like even a cell phone has been remarkable even the old plastic cell phone er in Africa the fact that men and women can have a digital account where they get their money they're not welcome to the bank they don't have the money to go into a bank to take a bus to get there but they can save a dollar two dollars a day whether they're in Kenya or Tanzania or the Philippines or Bangladesh and what they will tell you is then when there's a health shock there's an episode of malaria in the house or the school fees are do they have the money and what the women will tell you what we're learning from a woman having her own access her own bank account on her phone means that she becomes far more empowered in her household and in her community the whole way she views herself and her community and her family viewer changes and she can be an economic engine then for the economy and a decision-maker and so getting those tools out and getting them out equitably so everybody uses them men and women in remote places it changes their lives fantastic and ask another question from you guys from your the questions you wrote down for and this is from Tovah towba sage scholar hey what's up hi here's a question I found that quoting statistics about climate change doesn't help change people's minds what have you found to be the most effective way to get people more actively involved I said it we course the parents climate talks that were great were a little over two years ago and then president leckrone had a two year anniversary and for people to sit down and talk about okay what are we really doing one of the most effective things there were bringing in people who had experienced the tropical storms that were made more probable by climate change so we're you know it was very personalized in terms of who was suffering you know they started to articulate that it's these farmers in Africa who are the suffering over the next thirty years will be most mostly there and so that kind of brings it home to people North America you know only the southern part of the country will really be hurt substantially and that's you know later in the century so for the mainland itself you can point to more flooding in Florida or you know how all the feedlots have moved to the north because it's too hot it's not economic and you can look at the crop productivity you know the idea that anybody can question this stuff there's just so much great stuff about you know migration of different species further north or how long various seasons are that the date is there now are they paying attention or do they belong to a group who part of their identity is that know this is one of those causes that that we don't believe in that's it's a tough time in politics where it's more like you're more for the group that you're in then you are for the factual exploration well damn yeah thank you great question we have time for the last question from the audience I want to go to this side because I haven't gone at all yes sir you waving your arms in the gray sweater yeah can you come on down to him okay yes no no right here right here yeah yeah right here standing up thank you guys have been amazing by the way yes sir thank you I figured a little dramatic might get your attention so I reading the 2016-17 letters I think in 2016 you talked about energy and time and in 2017 you talked about the investment in health and services and so my question is how do you one pry it's kind of a three-part questions how do you prioritize when you have to decide on getting resources and infrastructure into a poor country quickly but then also being able to do that in an affordable way how do you prioritize one over the other and then how do you then balance or perform the handoff from you helping initiating this to handing it off to local communities and to the governments and then the third part is how do you feel about because there are now nations that come in and they do assistance and how do you feel about like I guess they're called debt trap politics and debt servitude and how do you address that in all of this I'll start and then you can pick up how's that so one of the things I would say is first of all it was kind of back to the same question about you teach a person to fish versus do you do you give them a fishery to teach them the fish everything that we're thinking about doing we always have this question of what we call kind of upstream versus downstream which is we absolutely want to relieve some of the pain and suffering today in the world so we today today's tools and we make sure those get out there and we try and run pilots that may be a government won't take on or companies just won't take on the developing world because there's no market and then we try to get them scaled up but so we take out we definitely work on things that are pain and suffering today with today's tools but we're always trying to work upstream as well so I'll give you an example in malaria the only great tool we have today are malarial bed nets and there's any way and the thing that we want though is a vaccine if we get a vaccine for malaria it will change the whole game of malaria and you have to apply the right tools at the right time so we're both funding the malarial bed nets through an organization called the Global Fund and we're working on the scientific research around malaria vaccines just to give it one example we are always though - your second question working in partnership with locals on the ground and trying to collect the government bought it and from the very beginning because anything we do even though it looks like our resources are big they're not enormous I mean when you compare our resources to what we're trying to do in hiv/aids or malaria or the u.s. education system they're small so we're trying to show experiments and ways of doing things and then it's up to governments to scale them up so we have to work all the time know what civil society's role is know what our role is the local partners and the government because you need government funding ultimately to get this out to hundreds of millions of people yeah some of our best success has been in Ethiopia where they were very anxious to take a really bad a primary health care system and agriculture support system and build up their capacity and and they had a centralized plan they got the donors to work together and and we helped pull that plan together and that it's been a partnership over the last decade in in huge progress then you get some places like Somalia where the government is so wheat that you're still just using the non-governmental organisations to get the vaccines out hoping that things will get better there one good example of that illustrates our question was the HIV response in the early days where there were so many deaths in Africa it was built up using a lot of foreign workers the way that the drugs were moved around was created just for the HIV system and it was a fairly expensive system to run and then over time as people said well this is going to be ongoing for decades that we need to keep these people under treatment the idea of okay where do you integrate it into the government's health system and not have it be a separate supply chain and workers paid on a on a different basis that required a lot of thinking I give the world quite a bit of credit the US government is a big big funder in this area those systems are now maturing to really draw the government in and make sure that it's sustainable but it's that's a very tricky problem when particularly when the governments are often very weak that the short term solution will go around the government and sometimes you know if enough lives are at stake that's the right thing to do but the best work is where you can build up up the local government building Linda you've answered everything from every possible you know we've we've asked a lot of questions and a lot of different departments so the last question is for you what question do you have for all of us here in the hall and online high Facebook I would say what are you doing yourself to make the world a better place how are using your passion your time your energy your brains your money but what can you individually and what are you doing to make the world better yet so you're very lucky to be associated with Hunter and in any way it's a great institution this is a great time in terms of anything you want to learn about the courses are out there you can discover what's going on in these areas so you know find something that that you want to change over your life whether it's volunteering your voice you know maybe later in your life financial support for it but you know the depth of how you look at yourself and your contribution will be a lot better if it's not just career success but some some cause and you know as various causes been mentioned I hear a lot of passion out there it's very inspiring to be here and talk to you definitely I also want to say you know on a personal note the fact that we get to come to this auditorium to come to my alma mater and and and how you guys have asked such sharp intelligent probing questions makes me really proud of y'all and really proud of the school go under thank you Bill and Melinda Thank You hunter thank you everybody watching on Facebook thank you in advance for donating to Puerto Rico um we're gonna do one more thing which is we're gonna do one big selfie so we're gonna get the camera over here and y'all just stay where y'all are now we're gonna take picture all right you

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Length: 86min 15sec (5175 seconds)

Published: Tue Feb 27 2018