Friends Welcome Back To My Channel Today we will discuss capacitor ESR, we listened about capacitor, capacitance actually all these components, either it is capacitor, inductor, semiconductor device, anything in this circuit, it works on Ohm's Law Either this Transformer, any component within this circuit, it will work as a resistance, complete circuit board have its own resistance, called Impedance which is equivalent resistance to the all components if we discuss this capacitor, it have capacitance the capacitance is mentioned on the body of the capacitor, 100 uF 450 volt, 1000 uf 16 volt, if we are repairing the power supply. we need to capacitor we need to test Inductors. Inductors is a piece of wire on a ferrite core Way discussed capacitor, Its internal structure. it have metallic two plates in between plates there is insulator called dielectric. which is Oily paper, or any insulating material when it is new, it works normal, after passage of time, after its long time operation its quality degrades, why? Dielectric material evaporates its specification are downgraded, why? because the dielectric quality becomes poor. the specifications of metallic plates are changed when we test a capacitor on multimeter, if you have analog meter, we can use ohms scale before testing a capacitor, discharge it properly when we connect multimeter in ohms scale, the needle will move forward and then it will returns back to zero as it is here in this digital multimeter it is giving some high value indication and then it will become open. using ohmmeter, we cannot good result then there is capacitance function, it is submenu here we shift the function selector to main menu, then to submenu capacitance before testing a capacitor, always discharge it, might be it may have some electrical charge if we connect a charged capacitor to any capacitance meter, it may damage that meter i connected to meter, it is 4.69 i=microfarad if we check its value, it is 475K. 4700000 it is 47500000 picofarad 4700 nano-farad, or 4.7 microfarad it is showing 4.69 microfarad, we can say this capacitor is good if we electrolytic capacitor, the same way, if it is within range, we can say that capacitor is good we can also use LCR meter, 4.64 microfarad this is not reliable test for a capacitor as i discussed that, any capacitor within the circuit, works like a resistance all components, transformer, inductor, semiconductors are working like a resistance how i can say, it is a resistance. each component have its own resistance at specific frequency if we test using analog multimeter, that uses DC voltage it checks the current flow while charging the capacitor digital multimeters use a frequency test signal to check frequency response inductor & capacitors have their AC resistance, that is Equivalent series resistance when we discuss capacitor, polar or non polarized when it works in a circuit, it is called real capacitor it have its real value. 4.69 uF. and it have its equivalent series resistance ESR that is called Rs when it will work at high frequency, its internal resistance will change while working on frequency, it provides capacitance reactance XC capacitive reactance XC basis on 2 elements 1/2π fc frequency and capacitance if i use this capacitor at 1KHz it will provide 33.849 ohms resistance at 1KHz if we use at 10KHz, its resistance will around 3.384 Ohms at 100KHz, its internal resistance will 0.33849 ohms it will behave as 0.33 ohms resistor at 100KHz frequency at 10Khz 3.384 ohms at 1KHz 33.849 ohms at 100 ohms 338.49 ohms at 10Hz, 3384.9 ohms at 1 Hz, 33.849 Kilo ohms resistance capacitive reactance will change based on frequency and capacitor value as class X capacitor behaves as a short circuit at high frequency spike, and provides easiest path as we checked at 10Hz 3.3K ohms, 100 Hz 333 ohms, 1KHz 3.3 ohms , 100Khz 0.33 ohms we can say, at 100Khz, its internal material will give easiest path it will work as this equivalent circuit it have ideal capacitor and its equivalent resistance we can say, it is a variable resistor with respect to frequency when frequency is low, its resistance is high when frequency is very high, it resistance will decrease it will work opposite to each other when we discuss capacitor it is ideal condition, that a capacitor will give easiest path to current flow at high frequency if we see capacitor, there is some information on capacitor CD263 is its series number. this capacitor have KMM series 105 degree Celsius is its operating temperature when we search KMM series product datasheet will find its specification we will discuss CD263 series capacitor we saw operating temperature and series name the temperature have some special concern with capacitor we discussed, in capacitive reactance, it is also related with temperature when the temperature will increase, temperature on rise in temperature will increase its quality will decrease. if we see its datasheet Written treatise Haze Dissipation Factor in the
datasheet CD263 leakage current and here is dissipation factor Own disappointment factor. for 6.3 volt. 0.22 for 100 Volt it have 0.09 for 450V it is 0.2 each capacitor depends on material, temperature, at 20 degree this factor will be used when the temperature will increase. it will also change Rs that is ESR value, that we said XC, it must be equal to this value after checking datasheet, dissipation factor, which depends on voltage, capacitance & temperature Rs Equivalent series resistance, it will RS = XC x dissipation factor at 1 KHz, it provides 33.849 ohms, if we check at 120Hz its XC is 282 ohms it will provide 282 ohms XC. if we are selecting 35 v capacitor, its dissipation factor will 0.12 282 ohms x 0.12 at 120Hz at 20 degree centigrade And it's effect is 820 degree centigrade
120 words 80 years value will be the best its ESR value will 33.84 ohms. it was a question form my viewer he asked please provide a standard chart for ESR value, each brand have its own parameters we cannot say that every capacitor is same if it 100uf from BK263 series, it will have its own ESR if we check datasheet for 263 BK series 35V 100uF. max ESR at 20 degree 120Hz, will 1.6 ohms, at 100KHz 20 degree, it will 0.8 ohms 100KHz -10 degree it will 1.8 ohms its ESR value will differ, with change in temperature and change in frequency if we same capacitor from another brand CD263 from JND, 100uF 35V it haven ESR value 0.39 Ohms it is providing 0.39 ohms, we can say this giving 0.39 ohms at 20 degree 100uf 35V, from this company, 100uf 35V at 100KHz 20 Degree it is 0.8 ohms the capacitor value is same, difference between companies. same value capacitor same voltage, so this ESR value will differ from manufacturer to manufacturer in each case we need to consult product datasheet check series name mentioned on each capacitor as CD263 here check manufacturer name , DS on this capacitor download cd263 from DS manufacturer datasheet it is KMM series from Nippon consult series number datasheet from that manufacturer to get correct ESR values then use ESR meter to measure ESR value this time i don't have ESR meter with me now each ESR meter is provided with standard chart but that is not applicable to every capacitor we can say that gives some approximated values but for exact ESR values always consult product datasheet we cannot trust on chart, provided with ESR meters when testing with ESR meter, consider its test frequency for example 100KHz, if we find this value with dissipation factor then we can say that this is the correct ESR value if ESR value is increased, the capacitance will decrease and capacitor quality will decrease as well because Q=1/DF when DF derate factor will increase, the quality will decrease i hope that this video is informative, if it is informative, like it. if any question, write in the comments. thanks for watching
