10 Times Michio Kaku Blew Our Minds

okay there is in my book I have a chapter on quantum consciousness which is perhaps the most bizarre form of consciousness in all of science according to the quantum theory in order for something to exist somebody has to look at it somebody has to make an observation before you think in principle it could exist in all possible states when you look at it it then assumes one state therefore the observer in some sense determines existence but observation requires consciousness conscious people make the observation so the greatest paradox in all of science is the cat problem the shortage account problem if I have a cat in a box and I don't open the box the cat could be either dead or alive so how do we physicists describe a cat that you cannot observe well we add the dead cat to the live cat we add the two waves together so the cat is neither dead nor alive until you open the box now Einstein thought this is stupid I mean how can you be neither dead nor alive at the same time well what can I say Einstein was wrong electrons can be spin-up or spin-down electrons can be here or there at the same time so this is the greatest paradox in all of science how do you resolve the fact that you could have dead cats and live cats simultaneously exists in another state before you make the observation and if you if you ever find the solution to this puzzle tell me first the quantum theory is only controversial when you talk to philosophers theologians and the average person to a physicist it's accurate to one part in 10 billions we can take an atom shine a laser beam at it and I can predict the properties to one part in ten billion consequences are the internet GPS laser beams computers fiber optics a broadband internet all of that is a consequence of the quantum theory now you think that a theory that powerful would be logical compelling and intuitive wrong it is the most bizarre theory ever proposed in the history of science Einstein couldn't get his head around it it reduces everything to probability so that there's a probability the electrons can vanish reappear someplace else electrons could be two places at the same time and exist in multiple states at the same time now that's stupid I mean how can you possibly exist two places at the same time how can you be in multiple states simultaneously well get used to it that's just the way the atomic world is so why don't I vanished and reappeared someplace else like on the mark on Mars or the moon there is a probability that I'll do that in fact we give our PhD students at our College a question calculate their probability that you will vanish and wind up on the planet Mars give me a number you it turns out you have to wait longer than the lifetime of the universe for that to happen but it's a calculable number this is insane this is absolutely counterintuitive but the problem is it's right that's how our world is constructed our world is stranger than you realize at the atomic level now we don't see it because we average out all these bizarre quantum effects for large objects we consist of a lot of atoms but at the atomic level electrons exist a multiple space all the time and you know what that's called that's called the laser beam when I was at I had a role model and I idolized Albert Einstein and my favorite Einstein story is this when Einstein was an old man he was tired of giving the same talk over and over again so one day his chauffeur came up to him and the chauffeur said professor I'm really a part-time actor I've heard your speech so many times I've memorized it so why don't we switch places I will run a mustache I will run a wig I will be the great Einstein and you can take a rest and be my chauffeur well Einstein loved the joke so they switched places this went along famously until one day a mathematician in the back asked a very difficult question and Einstein thought oh the game is up but then the chauffeur said that question is so elementary that even my chauffeur here can answer it for you thank you very much you've been a great audience making contact with alien civilizations and out of space how to deflect meteors what happens when robots become super powerful these are all subjects that we take in the second season and you know some people ask me well why do this and one thing is that I get to interview the world's top scientists in all these fields so altogether I didn't get about 300 of the world's top scientists so when I talk to them about the future it's just not some science fiction writer just biessing about what he thinks the future is gonna be I'm talking to the scientists who are inventing the future in their laboratories I have a front row seat to be able to get on the telephone talk to Nobel laureates directors of the major laboratories and say what is your dream what do you think 2050 2100 is going to look like and to meal that to me that's a thrill of a lifetime because instead of speculating instead of moaning and groaning about when we're gonna have flying cars I can talk to the people who are inventing the future I've interviewed about 500 my time for BBC television for Science Channel I have my own radio show which goes out to 130 radio stations across the u.s. every weekend and I always I always ask him the question when did it start when did you get interested in science and they always say the same thing when I was 10 when I was 10 it was a telescope a microscope a chemistry kit a visit to the planetarium an astronomy book something set them off because before 10 everything is mommy and daddy mommy and daddy mommy and daddy after 10 kids begin to ask what is beyond mommy and daddy and then they get this existential shock this epiphany realizing how huge and glorious and splendorous the universe is and then kids just eat it up they want to know everything about physics and chemistry they want to know why there's sunshine to one know everything and then they hit 15 and it's all over what is the greatest destroyer of scientists known to science the greatest destroyer of scientists is junior high school you see we're all born scientists we're born wondering where did I come from why does the Sun Shine why do the stars twinkle we're born that way until we hit junior high school and then it is Christ out of us all those ones we have to memorize useless facts figures that don't amount to anything all of a sudden were called nerds by our friends all of a sudden it's hard to get a date all of a sudden the hormones are kicking in so it's difficult and then in high school you have this pyramid this pyramid we have the beautiful people on top the jocks and the cheerleaders I have nothing against them but there is a pyramid in high school immortalized by Hollywood movies but Hollywood never tells you that as soon as you graduate from high school that pyramid turns upside down they never tell you that look at Bill Gates look at Steve Jobs look at mr. Zuckerberg these are billionaires leaders in innovation technology they were at the bottom of the pyramid when they were in high school now let's go into outer space everybody loves a starship some people say that flying saucer is hot flying saucers are impossible because the distances between two stars is too great for any UFO yet NASA is already looking into the possibility of building a starship I know this because I had to review some proposals for NASA so let's look at some of them one is to build a sail like a sailboat in outer space you put a laser beam on the moon you shoot a laser beam to the sale the sail is pushed by laser beam pressure and you can reach nearly 50% the speed of light this way this is one of the serious contenders to build the first starship another possibility is nanobots microscopic little things that are then sent to moons now if you solve the movie 2001 you realize that arthur c clarke we just passed away was a visionary he realized that if you are an advanced civilization you're not gonna send Captain Kirk on a starship you're gonna send a robot this is a robot the robot lands on the earth and creates a copy of itself millions of copies of itself and they shoot out land and other planets of their moons and they make a copy of themselves more factories starting with one robot you get a thousand starting with a thousand robots you get a thousand thousand then a thousand thousand thousand and pretty soon you have a sphere a sphere of robots expanding near the speed of light colonizing all the moons colonizing all the planets that is the basis of the movie 2001 the movie 2001 is the most realistic the most realistic encounter with extra-terrestrial civilizations if we ever meet an alien probably it'll be a robot a self-replicating robot leftover from a passing civilization this is my favorite the ramjet fusion engine it looks like an ice cream cone it scoops hydrogen in the forward direction and burns it for fuel this starship could last forever forever because hydrogen is everywhere this is my favorite proposal for a starship okay the question is Fukushima how long are we gonna experience the agony of three simultaneous meltdowns in northern Japan we have the answer 40 years according to the utility TEPCO Tokyo Electric it'll take about 40 years to begin the process of dismantling the reactor and the accident is not over at all a small earthquake it'll send the accident starting all over again you realize that the reactor is so radioactive workers cannot even get in for more than just a few minutes time they sent an robots robots are not smart enough to work in high radiation fields total failure in fact the Pentagon the u.s. Pentagon has made it a priority to create robots that can turn a screw robots that can use a hammer robots that can use a saw we don't have those robots yet and so the next thing they want to do is to insert cameras cameras into the water to see where the melting is it's so bad we don't even have a picture we don't even have a picture of the melted core we know it's 100% melted and the water the radioactive water builds up swimming pulled when you visit Fukushima you see all these swimming pools of radioactive water the agony is unending and so just remember that it will take 40 years to clean up that nuclear accident so Japan after World War two I made a Faustian bargain Faust with the legendary figure who sold his soul to the devil for unlimited power Japan said we were going to clear because we have no oil or coal but there's a price there is a price you have to pay and that is you sell your soul to the devil how did the cosmos begin and how will it end well we think the universe began with a cosmic explosion 13.7 billion years ago we know that number to within 1% accuracy and how do we know that well we know the rate at which the universe is expanding stars for example yellow light from stars is stretched because they're moving away from us and they turn reddish as a consequence that's called the Doppler shift when a car moves toward you for example the frequency is high when a car moves away from you the frequency is stretched or lowered it sounds like this now you've heard that all your life but what is that that's a Doppler effect it also works for light beams when yellow light comes toward you it's bluish when yellow light moves away from you it's reddish the redder it is the faster it moves so it's trivia to calculate the expansion of the universe you simply look at the night sky and see how much the light is redshifted then you run the video tape backwards we have this enormous quote video tape on computer of the expanding universe so we run it backwards you've all seen explosions run backwards on television and then you get back to the point where the universe was a small little dot that's how we know the universe began with a fiery explosion and we can also pick up the afterglow of the Big Bang when you get a radio and you turn it between stations you get that static that's you static believe it or not a few percent of that static comes from the Big Bang itself you were actually listening to Genesis on your radio your television set when you have snow on your TV set a few percent of that snow comes from the creation of the universe more percent comes from planet Jupiter you plant a Jupiter also causes static on the earth which is more than the Big Bang but we physicists have measured that microwave background radiation we now have baby pictures baby pictures of the infant universe and you know what it's an explosion we have baby pictures of the explosion itself and sure enough it is a gigantic explosion just like everyone thought and we've actually not taken pictures of it in the microwave region the big question is how will the universe end there are two ways it could end in fire or ice if it ends in ice the universe keeps on expanding against colder and colder and colder or the universe could expand stop and then come back and get hotter and hotter and hotter in the Big Crunch either way the laws of physics say we're doomed either we're gonna die in fire or die in ice but there's one way out of this death the question is the laws of physics are they a death warrant for all intelligent life most physicists would say yes that inherent within physics is a death warrant for all intelligent life in the universe because either the universe dies in ice as it expands or dies in fire as a and tracks I think there's a loophole the loophole is that billions and trillions of years from that will be so advanced that as the universe dies we will leave the universe we will leave our bubble have a lifeboat and then go to another neighboring bubble and start all over again so in other words this theory of everything may ultimately be the theory of salvation for intelligent life in the universe now that's speculation but in parallel worlds I even give you the blueprint the design how much energy it would take to build a machine which would take us to a neighboring universe I must disagree with my esteemed it's the ball let me say that science is the engine of prosperity from steam power to electricity to the laser to the transistor to the computer that's not true it's all about image technique can I have my sprite you had your say let me have my say yes however the information revolution has a weakness and the weakness is precisely the educational system the United States has the worst educational system known to science our graduates compete regularly at the level of third world countries how come the scientific establishment of the United States doesn't collapse if we're producing a generation of dummies if the stupid index of America keeps rising every year just watch Network television and reality shows right how come the scientific establishment of the United States doesn't collapse let me tell you something some of you may not know this America has a secret weapon that secret weapon is the h-1b without the h-1b the scientific establishment of this country what collapse forget about Google forget about Silicon Valley there would be no Silicon Valley without without the h-1b and you know what the h-1b is it's the genius visa okay you realize that in the United States 50% of all PhD candidates are foreign-born and my system one of the biggest and the knighted States 100% of the PhD candidates are foreign-born the United States is the magnet sucking up all the brains of the world but now the brains are going back they're going back to China they're going back to India and people say oh my god there's a Silicon Valley in India now oh my god there's a Silicon Valley in China duh where did it come from they came from the United States so don't tell me the science isn't the engine of prosperity you remove the h-1b visa and you collapsed the economy in Wall Street Journal editorial i'ts against the congressman who wanted to ban the h-1b saying they'll take jobs away from the American people The Wall Street Journal said look there are no Americans who can take these jobs these are at the highest level of high technology they don't take away jobs for Americans they create entire industries so that's why we have an Achilles heel and that's the educational system again sociology ieaders are not necessarily going to be the one determining the future Silicon Valley the IRA physicists the engineers I need more of them not let parallel worlds you discuss time travel is it possible it could very well be possible Stephen Hawking has said that yes time travel is possible but not practical in other words don't expect an inventor to create a time machine in their basement today we're talking about the energy of a star the energy of a black hole but in principle if you could master that energy then you might be able to bend time into a pretzel the mathematics says so even Albert Einstein realized in 1949 his own equations allow you to go backwards in time if the universe rotated for example a very simple kind of universe a rotating universe and you go with the flow you go around the universe as it rotates you can come back into the past so simply walking around a circle you come back not where you left but you come back yesterday so even Einstein realized oh my god his own equations allow for time travel so in his memoirs of course Einstein had to adjust a question his time travel possible and he said aha I have found a loophole and that is the universe expands it doesn't rotate so it means that if the universe rotated time travel would become commonplace so thank goodness the universe expands

Channel: Purple Pill Philosophy

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Length: 21min 23sec (1283 seconds)

Published: Fri Jan 25 2019