10 Mariana Trench Facts That Will Blow Your Mind

ah the Mariana Trench this place located in the Philippine Sea just off the coast of the Mariana Islands is the deepest part of the ocean it's actually so deep that Mount Everest will be completely submerged under two kilometers of water if you somehow manage to throw it in there naturally people don't know much about it but we are here to remedy that today we bring you ten Mariana Trench facts that will blow your mind did you know that only three people have descended to the deepest part of the trench heck one of them isn't even an explorer find out number one number ten a place of extreme temperatures as you go further and further down into the depths of the ocean the temperature gets steadily colder it gets especially cold down in the dark and abysmal waters of the Mariana Trench temperatures they're constantly hover at just above freezing somewhere between one degrees Celsius to four degrees Celsius but there are certain parts of the trench that have temperatures on the opposite side of that scale this is if you venture close to the hydrothermal vents that litter the trench roughly a mile down in a world where the water is one or two steps away from turning to ice there are several events that shoot out water close to 450 degrees Celsius otherwise known as black smokers the water in these vents shoot out tons of minerals that help life in the area survive and thrive the creatures that call the trench home need these minerals and the energy they produce as even one mile down is too far for the Sun to have any effect on them it's either hanging around the super hot water or perish quite amazingly this extremely hot water doesn't boil this is due to the extremely high pressures down there and speaking of high pressures number nine a high-pressure situation pressure exerted by water that deep is tremendous according to scientists out of the trench you can experience up to 1,100 times the pressure you would experience at sea level to put that into perspective if you can somehow get a hundred elephants to stand on your head you'd get an idea on how much pressure we're talking about there the pressure is so high that actually increases the density of one or two about 5% that means if you take a one liter bottle of water then dive down into the trench by the time you get there the water in your bottle would be down to nine and a half liters such extreme pressures should make it impossible for life to develop down there but there are a few creatures that thrive under pressure and make the mariana trench their home one of which might surprise you number eight plans live there the intense water pressure down in the trench makes it difficult for anything with a hard shell or bones to survive hence the abundance of sea cucumbers in giant amoeba yes you heard me right and we'll get to those later on if you stuck a turtle down there it would almost certainly end up crushed by its own shell of course the recent discovery of shelled animals in the trench such as clams should put a damper on this little stereotype discovered in early 2012 these clams largely reside near serpentine hydrothermal vents the serpentine rock is rich with life-giving minerals such as hydrogen and methane which allows life to form around it nobody yet knows for sure how the clams evolved their shells to be so sturdy under pressure and unfortunately they're not talking however water pressure aside these vents exude another gas hydrogen sulfide that is normally lethal to clams and other mollusks luckily for them though they have evolved the ability to bind the sulfide to harmless proteins thereby nullifying its toxicity and allowing the deep-sea clam population to survive number seven a little bit of the bubbly most of the hydrothermal vents mentioned previously spew nothing but regular albeit extremely hot water so hot that will actually send your skin if you get anywhere near it one vent however raises the game to an utterly ridiculous level releasing not water but pure liquid carbon dioxide outside of the okinawa trough near taiwan the champagne vent of the Mariana Trench is the only known underwater area where liquid carbon dioxide exists discovered in early 2005 the vent got its name because of the bubbles of what scientists originally thought was harmless water upon closer inspection they realize that those bubbles were actually co2 while ingesting pure carbon dioxide would clearly be bad news for any of us it seems that vents such as this one call light smokers due to their lower temperatures might be the source of life itself as the old primordial soup theory loses more and more ground the idea that life began in deep waters around events such as the champagne has gained more credibility a white smoker such as champagne with its lower temperatures and abundance of chemicals and energy could will provide the perfect recipe for a life to form and thrive number six there isn't a sandy bottom down there a lot of people love the sensation of wet sand under their feet you would think that the entire ocean would be covered with it but you thought wrong if you happen to keep swimming deeper and deeper and deeper and deeper and deeper all the way down to the depths of the trench the ground would suddenly feel very very different that's because thanks to everything that trickles down from the miles above everything in the trench is covered in a blanket of icky viscous booze sand as we know it doesn't really exist down there in its places now something that I could only describe as the remnants of death and decay man that description is just metal the floor the trench is comprised mainly of crushed shells and corpses of plankton that have sunk to the bottom over the years due to the immense water pressure everything pretty much ends up ground into a fine grayish yellow almost silky sludge considering how long the trench has been around being considered by many scientists as the oldest part of the ocean one can only wonder how deep the whose floor goes down before earth actually begins all I know is this we make an awesome metal album number five there are bridges there in late 2011 for rock bridges were found in the Mariana Trench stretching from one end to the other measuring roughly 69 kilometers long it appears that a meeting of the Pacific and Philippine tectonic plates formed the bridges the Pacific plate ended up underneath the Philippine plate and the seamount material that both sides brought along collided into various structures on the other side turning it into what we see today one of the bridges duttan ridge was discovered back in the 1980s though only in low-res pictures it certainly held matters that Dutton Ridge is incredibly tall almost like a small mountain at its highest peak the ridge reaches 2.5 kilometres above the Challenger Deep of course that's still more than eight kilometres under the water researchers ability to find something in a trench that up until recently was a near complete mystery is truly astounding like so many other ass to the trench we don't yet know what the purpose of these bridges serve after all fish don't need bridges number four it's the largest marine reserve in the world there is live at the incredible depths of the trench although new species as old as the dinosaurs are observed in the mariana trench some of them have not been identified to date but in a world as desolate and inhospitable like the trench just how do these creatures survive most of the creatures that live in the depths of the mariana trench are fed by one another or by the dead rain which is organic matter from dead animals that live in shallower waters thus the remains of various dead sea creatures are slowly descending from the surface waters as feed for animals living in the depths of the Mariana Trench because of the status of nature reserves fishing and mining within the boundaries are prohibited this vast area spanning over the area of 246 thousand square kilometers has also been designated as the US National Monument by an act signed by the US President George Walker Bush in 2009 number three the rarest element the underwater daikaku volcano lies roughly 13 60 feet down into the trench that might not sound too impressive since the trench goes down another six and a half miles or so also there are literally thousands of underwater volcanoes dotting the world's oceans but daikaku happens to contain one of the rarest sites on the planet a lake of pure molten sulphur just to give you an idea on how rare the element existing in this form is the only other place that houses such a thing is lo and behold one of the moons of Jupiter dubbed the cauldron for obvious reasons this pit of bubbling black goo burns at a sweltering 187 degrees Celsius we have not yet been able to study in a lot of detail there the white smoke that emanates from one of the surrounding craters suggests that there might be more sulfur down there than in just the caldron if there is the entire area might just hold the key to determining the origins of life this comes from the Gaia hypothesis a long-standing but oft criticized view of the world which contends that the entire planet is a singular self-regulating entity where all life and non-life comes together to help keep it alive researchers hope that by capturing some of this sulfur and releasing it into the atmosphere they can see if it both survives in cycles to land if so then there may be something to Gaia after all and sulfur might be the reason our supports and maintains life now it's time for the day's best ping today we're going to be discussing the possibility of prehistoric sea monsters existing down in the Mariana Trench spoiler alert they do but not the kind of sea monsters that you would expect find out next on number two a land of giants yes it's indeed true Giants dwell in the Mariana Trench but not the ones that you're expecting like the Megalodon or laia pleura Don nevertheless they are equally or maybe even more terrifying but first what immediately comes to mind when you hear the phrase a single-celled organism if you're like the rest of the world you'd probably think of microscopic bacteria and you would be right that is how nature designed them however the design plans might not have reached whoever made these giants that live in the trench me to the xenovia force a type of amoeba that is four inches big these single-celled organisms have led they become so big precisely because of their environment the cold temperature high pressure and lack of sunlight all contribute to this amoebas relatively nightmarish size if that's not enough they also appear to be super human immune to many elements and chemicals that would kill most other species including our own by ingesting the minerals and particles in the water the Sun afiyah fors have developed a tolerance to uranium mercury lead and other things that could kill us if left unchecked also don't think you'd eventually stop seeing these adorable critters the deeper you got they've been spotted as deep as ten kilometers down and scientists would not be surprised to one day find that even deeper than that I saved the best for last but first I have a quick challenge that take 45 seconds if you subscribe within the next five seconds you'll get 10 years of amazing luck just try it it really worked number one James Cameron was here yes you heard that right the director of one of the biggest movies in history is a fan of the real-life ocean as well and has actually Manda's own solo expedition to the bottom of the trench since its discovery in 1875 the deepest part of the trench known as the Challenger Deep has played host to a whopping three people the first to Don Walsh and Jaques Picard made it to the bottom on January 23rd 1960 because their ship was named the Challenger they named their New Kingdom the Challenger Deep nobody knows what the deep part of the name came from though over fifty two years passed before another Explorer braved the frigid crushing waters and that Explorer just happened to be a movie director on March 26 2012 camera made it to the bottom and snapped several pictures the first shots ever taken of the Challenger Deep well there are several planned trips of the deep none have ever been officially scheduled as of yet this makes Cameron the most recent guy to reach the deepest point of the world did you enjoy this fact overload let us know in the comments section down below want to watch more videos about our amazing world click on any of the videos you see on your screen as always thank you all for watching and I'll see you all next time later everybody [Music]

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Id: p9VCP1HyOIk

Length: 11min 35sec (695 seconds)

Published: Sun Apr 19 2020