¿Qué es una SUBESTACIÓN ELÉCTRICA? ¿Para qué sirve? ⚡ Sígueme la Corriente

hello everyone! in this video I'm going to talk to you about one of the key pieces of the electrical systems substations these are fundamental elements for the electric power transmission network that make voltage rises and drops possible necessary to be able to carry the energy from the power station to your socket to find out all about them follow my lead this is a topic that I was already very excited about bring them to the channel because at the end it is the area in which I develop professionally as an engineer since a few years ago I do the design at detail engineering level. of substations of the electrical transmission network both here in Spain as well as in other parts of the world according to the project in fact lately I am participating in the design of an offshore substation for an offshore wind farm so without further ado, here we go so that the electrical energy to reach our sockets it needs to be generated in power plants of different types and to be transported from them to our homes to minimize energy losses and to reduce the cable cross-section the transport is made in high voltage let's stop here for a second because we already have the tools to reason this out in more depth we have previously discussed in the channel about active power reactive and apparent we know that the union between the active power and reactive power is what we call apparent power that total power that encompasses the electrical phenomena and magnetic phenomena apparent power is defined by the multiplication between the voltage and the electric current intensity taking this into account at an equal value of power if I increase the voltage I will have less current passing through the wires because they are inversely proportional magnitudes and why am I interested in knowing all this? why would we want to have little current let's remember an effect that we have also talked about in the channel the Yul effect said that the power lost in thermal energy because of the conduction of electricity through a cable was equal to the resistance times the current squared i.e. that the lower the resistance much less power will be lost in the form of heat and not only that but also in this way the cable cross-section is reduced if you see a cut cable well the uh let's say the size of that cut no and in that way the weight they have to support is reduced the structures also in the end it's all advantages for all this we raise the tension to transport the energy in high voltage and then we decrease the voltage again when we are near the cities to match that level of tension to normal levels for consumption and precisely substations are those places that allow the voltage rises and falls are that key part of our network of electric power transmission in order to form a complete electrical system we have in the first instance the power plants which is where the electricity is generated normally at medium voltage a medium voltage line will come out of it that will take us to the point where we can connect to a high voltage line is this high voltage line which is going to allow us to cover long distances to get to the vicinity of the cities where we will pass again on a medium voltage line in order to be able to distribute this electrical energy once we reach each neighborhood the medium voltage lines enter the transformer stations from which the low-voltage cables are already coming out that will later reach our homes the substations are the elements that make it possible to elevate from medium voltage to high voltage for transport or reduce from high voltage to medium voltage for subsequent distribution are the elements that allow us to join the different pieces of the puzzle but how do the substations vary the voltage by using a transformer let's remember how they work if you remember from previous videos we have commented that all electric current carries an associated magnetic field and if I have a wire through which a current is flowing and I make with that wire a winding what I'll be doing will also be create a stronger magnetic field because we have that wire going around in coils concentrated in a much smaller space also we have seen that when a variable magnetic field such as that generated by alternating current passes through a winding each of the turns of that winding is going to experience a potential difference that in a closed circuit will give rise to an electric current well having these two concepts we can understand that if I feed a winding from a source or from the mains that winding is going to produce a fairly strong magnetic field when we put another winding in front of it each of the turns of that new winding is going to perceive this variable magnetic field it will produce a potential difference in each of these loops and then current will flow to the load and the key is there if I want the voltage of the current to decrease the second winding will have fewer turns than the first thus voltage units will be produced at the rate of the number of turns and as there will be less the resulting voltage will be less on the other hand if I want to increase the tension it will be enough to set more turns in the second winding than in the first winding in the same way voltage units will be generated for each of the loops and as there are a greater number of turns we will see that the voltage if we add each one of them will be also bigger so it's these jalopies that are going to allow us to raise or decrease the tension using the operation we have seen and as the electric power transmission networks work with three-phase circuits let's just see that this primary and secondary winding system multiplies to have three we will have a phase the second phase and the third phase physically a transformer looks like this where we see on one side the input to the lower voltage winding and on the other side the output from the higher voltage winding and the reason why we see three inputs and three outputs is precisely the one we have discussed we are in three-phase networks so the same thing that happens in a single phase is copied and pasted so that you end up with three so with these concepts we can already understand that there are two main types of substation we have on the one hand the elevating substations which are those that raise the voltage by means of transformers whose secondary winding has more turns than the primary winding and on the other hand we have the reducing substations with transformers whose secondary winding has less turns than the primary winding at the end are basically composed of the same elements but put the other way around i.e. if in a transformer we have a low voltage part and a high voltage part if electricity flows in this direction we will be going low voltage to high voltage we will be going up but if I put it the other way around we'll be going high voltage to low voltage depends on which winding is the inductor winding and which is the inductor winding depends at the end in that sense in which direction we place the transformer voltage levels approximately are usually as follows in the generation stage normally the range is between 6 and 21 kilo volts the high or very high voltage transport stage is usually at normalized values of 110 220 380 or 400 kilo volts once we reach the vicinity of the consumption points we went down to medium voltage for distribution at levels between 6 and 33 kilovolts and when we arrive at the transformer stations we definitely decrease to low voltage for household consumption at 230 380V but if we want really get into the world of substations we can go into detail and in detail and in detail my intention with this video is simply to have an introductory idea what substations are what they are for and more or less how to identify them visually if we meet them in the street further on little by little we will be seeing all these details uh in more depth so the only thing we have left before we finish this video is to give you some clues of how to be able to visually identify those substations if you are walking down the street if you are in the car or on the train and suddenly you run into uh one of those big metal structures that you know what a substation is and that you know well, basically what is its function within the electric power transmission network usually the substations look like this we can't say that they are particularly nice facilities but let's say that day Grow on you at the end sounds a component of the electrical infrastructure very interesting and identify each of its components involves an exercise perhaps a little more advanced electricity arrives at the substation by means of a high voltage line which may be overhead or subway and inside there are arranged a whole series of elements that accompany the transformer to ensure that it operates safely and securely are elements such as disconnectors the circuit breakers locking coils chokes protections control centers and a very long etc. and the set of all these elements gives rise to this network of devices that we have on the screen this we are observing is an on-air substation an outdoor substation since all the elements are arranged in an esplanade and the insulation is in the air directly all these conductors are bare and the devices require insulators so that the current does not jump to ground or between structures the insulators are those brown columns that we see everywhere another type of substation is the GIS gas insulateds abstation gas insulated substation that gas is usually sulfur exafluoride which serves as an insulator between the active elements of the system to understand it ourselves in outdoor substations what we have are bare cables that really um are not in connection 01 with each other because there is a sufficient distance that allows the air not to ionize and no electric arcs if we would need that distance to be smaller in order to encapsulate it all let's say inside a building we need that insulator to no longer be the air but a material with higher insulating properties in this case sulfur hexafluoride all switchgear that we found in a weatherproof substation in the case of GIS is going to be inside isolated compartments with that gas those compartments let's say they have eh tubular shape normally and uh allow that all the space occupied by a weathering substation looks very very reduced these GIS substations are usually inside buildings and the devices are inside these insulated compartments in gas look like what we are seeing on the screen and here we come to the end of this video I hope it has helped you to understand better what are substations what they are for what is their role within the electric power transmission networks and why not also when you run into one of them in the countryside that you may know what are those things you're looking at we'll talk again in great depth on these subjects what the elements of the substations are for how they work in a coordinated manner what substation configurations exist and even how we are able to build substations in the sea in the meantime leave your comment down here what did you think about this topic do you have any particular question what would you like to know about the world of substations of course I assure you that I will come back with more videos on this topic I don't know how often because there are many topics to tell in the world of electricity but of course there is much more to talk about it as always for more energy and for more electricity subscribe to the channel and click on the little bell to be notified by YouTube with upcoming videos also if you give a like to this video you will surely contribute to this platform recommend it to more people and more people can learn from these important concepts about electrical engineering thank you very much for being there we continue to see you here follow my lead follow my lead

Channel: Sígueme la Corriente

Views: 183,874

Keywords: Sígueme la Corriente, Rubén Lijó, Ingeniería, Energía, Electricidad, alta tensión, subestación eléctrica, cómo funcionan las subestaciones eléctricas, subestación arco eléctrico, cómo funcionan los transformadores, para qué sirve un transformador, por qué usamos alta tensión, cómo bajar la tensión alta, cómo hacer un transformador, cómo funciona la red eléctrica

Id: hz9UKbbEMl8

Length: 12min 4sec (724 seconds)

Published: Thu May 28 2020