¡EXPERIMENTANDO con ARCOS ELÉCTRICOS! ⚡👷🏼💡 Especialízate en ELECTRICIDAD y ALTA TENSIÓN

hello protons today we're going to talk about the BSc in electrical engineering from a very special place for me and very relevant during my formative years the school of industrial aerospace and audiovisual engineerings of terrasa of the Technical University of Catalonia where I specialized in high voltage during my training as an engineer join me to this trip to the high voltage laboratories where we will discover together a lot of very interesting phenomena of electricity we will see electric arcs and electrostatic discharges we will explain how Tesla coils work and Faraday cages we will discover the corona effect or the tip effect and much more here's a preview to whet your appetite you want to become the Tesla of the future to discover all this and much more follow my lead follow my lead follow my lead this video is possible thanks to the electrical engineering department of the Polytechnic University of Catalonia and the school of Industrial Engineering aerospace and audiovisual of Terrasa from where are making a firm commitment to make known our discipline the focus of the degree and career opportunities that are associated with it we will start by taking the baton from previous videos that we have done in the channel about the electrical engineering degree in the first of them we analyze descriptively the assignments that make up the curriculum of the degree program and in the second we will see which ones are the main career opportunities of electrical engineering also in the last we saw some of the practical experiences that are done in the race if you haven't seen these videos yet I recommend you not to miss them I link them up here and in the description but although the knowledge block is common may be very similar between universities there are differences mainly in the offer of elective courses y particularly in the curriculum of this school there is a specific emphasis on high voltage and power systems with electives as high voltage line design supervision of electrical systems and integration into the power grid of renewable energy systems the energy industry is in a time of change and faces unprecedented challenges the need for a transition towards production systems and consumption systems has led to the search for innovative solutions and technologically advanced solutions in all aspects covering electrical engineering as an electrical engineer you will have the opportunity to work in modernization of electrical systems in the creation of more efficient technology and in the implementation of sustainable solutions in the energy industry with the transition towards sustainable production systems we are witnessing a massive electrification of many consumptions this implies that our electrical systems must be more sustainable flexible and safe in addition to the growing demand for energy means that these systems must be expanded which increases the need for careful planning in all these developments you may be involved as an electrical engineer in this video we will explore these challenges and how high voltage specialization and electrical power systems can equip you to deal with them in this very building was where I was trained in these disciplines and the practical experiences that we will now see were also the ones I lived here let's see first some fundamental concepts of high voltage and how it ties in with those electrical power systems the electrical power system or electrical power system encompasses everything we know as the electrical grid from generation to consumption passing through all stages of transportation and distribution of electricity here we can observe how in the different stages of generation transportation, distribution and consumption different voltage levels are used in the distribution and transmission phases key stages in planning the expansion of the networks of the future medium and high voltage are used respectively this is the distribution will take place at normal stresses between one and 66 kilo volts the subtransport will be carried out normally between 66 and 132 kilo volts and the transport of electrical energy will be carried from 132 kilo volts upward the maximum in Spain is 400 kilo volts but there are other countries where when you need to travel long distances even up to 1 000 kilo volts can be reached. on lines known as ultra-high voltage on the screen I show you as an example the electricity transmission network of the Spanish peninsular electricity system as electrical engineers we have full competence in this field of high voltage but for this it is necessary to have a complete phenomenological understanding understand well all these concepts and know how to work with them yes after all this introduction and with this update let's go to the lab we are going to produce sparks meet ricardorta is a professor and researcher of the electrical engineering department of the UPC and currently is also coordinator of the electrical engineering degree taught in this school with him I was trained in high voltage during the 2 013 course. 2 014 10 years ago and I was so taken in by this discipline that it is the specialty to which I have subsequently devoted myself Ricar welcome to follow my lead it's a pleasure to have you here the lab has changed since you've been here. uh-huh we have made improvements haven't we I see it especially eh more modern some facelift yes some new machine we continue to have old machines because at teaching level it is very interesting but yes yes yes look here here behind you you have the part of more of central behind those old cabinets there is modern equipment and here all this side of here you have uh the most machine part of electrical machines transformer generators well everything that you assign him more than machines and our focus of interest is going to be there attention if the discharge laboratory that yellow cage because it already indicates that they are going to happen there do not reveal things there do not reveal things there we won't go into that concept let's get down to business. let's get down to business let's start with a rather striking question and which I'm sure you're all familiar with a Tesla coil let's see it in operation and although it may not look like it the electricity that we see here coming out in lightning is the same that is in the socket but it manifests itself differently high voltage that's what we've come for how we got to that high voltage here specifically what devices we have 230 volts like everybody else in this room now we need to increase those 230 volts to the voltage that we may need note that here we reach the 75 000 how we do it with this gentleman here a transformer that passes us 220 to 75 000 that is this we connect it directly to the socket no wall there it is we need to be able to make experiences with 30 000 20 000 45 000 then what do we do we regulate the voltage at the input of the transformer by this other gentleman here we go from 0 to 230 here and this obviously gives us 0 to 75 000 the output of 75 000 follow this black tube that's a resistor to limit the current going out coming out of this transformer eh is not very very high all this is resting on this column it is worth this column it is simply a set of connected capacitors in series is a device for fragmenting voltage further aided by of a voltage transformer that we have under there uh-huh after which we will send the voltage signal so that we can measure it to a normal voltmeter and current voltmeter as is otherwise it would fry let's say clear clear then this is the structure we always see in substations all over the world but because it's the insulators that we see arrives at the voltage transformer and we end up measuring what we're getting out of here correct which by the way so many substations with this type of structures as well as measuring instruments voltage and current measuring transformers we have talked on the channel so in the description we leave little things for you to see more information about it you see that hanging there yes we call it a pole is to ground the whole system when we finish doing an experiment well here we connect the equipment clear what we see at the end the Tesla coil for example that we have seen it that electricity going out those are electric arcs why suddenly there is electricity in the air if a priori we would say that it is not conductive it happens if we in a space of that air generate a potential difference to understand a voltage and that tension is going up and up and up going up and up and up we can pierce that air we can establish a conductive path and what they do is they do an electrical breakdown of that of that space when the arc is it's like you have a copper conductor but we don't need the material support of copper that is the arc itself and that's why it is movable the arc and y and and can move with an electromagnetic field or even with the air ok great well let's see all this phenomenon in this team if I'm not mistaken we are going to do it by means of these two bars one of these bars we are going to place at tension by means of the transformer we were talking about before the other bar we are going to set to zero so in this little bit of air space here which can also be regulated we can uh provoke this potential difference and generate an electric arc at that point the hot air here um ascends by density ascends and drags the arc because that air is more conductive than cold air great then let's see it bar sphincterometer is called this let's take a look at it um um in nature because now we are in a laboratory producing the rays this is something kind of anomalous let's say in one's life but nature we do see this kind of rays we see these discharges we see its luminosity we hear the tremendous noise they make and we see the thermal effects on the ground the physical principle behind this behavior and especially how we model it in the laboratory is what I would like uh talk to you here so tell us a little bit how you are able to model this phenomenon here a possibility is to get discharges that we call electrostatic are different from that of the arc discharge we have seen before electrostatic discharges are like as instantaneous in a manner of speaking are sudden and disappear they do not keep the time as in the case of the arc we are going to place an electrode coming from the high voltage transformer we are going to place this electrode in the water under voltage and what we are going to get is the following that's going to behave like a capacitor. the water will be a pole of the condenser the ground is worth which is the table that is grounded which is 0V will be the other pole of the capacitor ok that is if we imagine the capacitor as those two lines eh of the symbol that represents it two parallel lines water is the top line and the table is the bottom line right perfect because what is in the middle of those two lines which is the dielectric of the capacitor it would be the crystal okay great okay here we will see how the lightning that we are reproducing comes out of the cloud being the cloud the water or well passes through the cloud in this case yes eh then go through the air until it reaches the table and unloads the soil yes the glass evidently we don't go through it it would break the bottle aha so there's the condenser effect that we use to produce this phenomenon the water and the table loading and unloading are loaded and unloaded 100 times per second because we are using 50 hertz of network the spectacular arcs we will see the spectacular electrostatic discharges we will see will be in the water because between the distance between the electrode and the bioelectric is higher then we will see very very similar to the and identical in nature to the ones we have in the in the atmosphere in in a storm so let's take a look at it we can also represent phenomena that happen when a storm takes place in the field I'm thinking specifically why eh lightning doesn't strike on a plain if it has a clear tree next to it this peak effect that makes the lightning to be directed to the elements more eh protruding and pointed is the one I'd like to talk to you about now makes you explain a little bit the peak effect phenomenon and that we can reproduce it here we have also seen what it is for let's have a dielectric breakdown for an arc to occur for us to pass through the air it is necessary eh a certain tension around that spike-shaped geometry there is more electric field in that area than in a flat area of the same conducting body so of course if a discharge has to be produced it will occur at the point where this field is higher where the voltage is higher and therefore at the tip why we put a lightning rod on top of the roof of a house because we want the lightning to strike on the lightning rod with this which is a wire a sad wire the tip of that wire starts to light up and ends up jumping there the arc before anywhere else great so let's activate the equipment come on that's a protection mode in the cities you put a lightning rod the lightning stops it but when we are on the field we have always been told hey if there's a storm don't stand under a tree why because it's a tip get inside the car why inside the car or I also ask you another way that maybe people can ask you this question if we are in an airplane and lightning strikes that is dangerous. that vehicle you were talking about that car that airplane make of Faraday cage when that electric field approaches a conductor with a shape similar to this a car for example you said a plane no in the interior of that space which is eh enveloped of a conductor the field is zero so you are protected if you're inside you won't get struck by lightning the question is why the field inside is zero let's assume that this outer field is negative it could be positive negative let's suffer it to be negative that negative outer field what it does is it attracts the positive charges of this metal ujum towards the proximity of that electric field clear eh negative everything is at surface level in the cage in the cage ok whereby on the inside of that cage there is going to be a field in the opposite direction to the outside which when superimposed with the outer one by adding one with the other ends up leaving a clear zero field which means that whatever is in here we would say it's protected great then we could put this at the point that we have seen initially of course yes we'll see how the electricity doesn't reach the tip sure ok great and then comparatively I understand that here you have other material to see how it does come in of course this is not a driver aha whereby that external electric field is not capable of generating this phenomenon not of attracting charges to one side if our cage is not made of a conductive material metallic for example we would not get the Faraday cage effect okay great so let's demonstrate it directly and before we stop talking about lightning of course we talk about an electric arc causes this phenomenon of perforation not that it overcomes the rigidity and electrical stiffness of the air and that's why the electric arc is produced and the lightning the same way then this drilling I understand that we can see it eh as it is eh because just as it goes through the air it will be able to pass through any other material with this object is a sphere spinterometer ujum by clearly by its geometry i.e. same technology as the other one approximate but change of geometry exactly exactly then the geometry change in fact influences very much the evolution of the arc in this case it will not happen as before but the arc would stay in here but if I put this in the middle here and give it enough tension just as we have said that we pierce the air and we have seen it we can also drill into that material but what if I take a plastic plate or a piece of methacrylate what would happen here if we raise tension we get to pierce or some other phenomenon happens which is what I'm afraid of look we can pierce it all with enough tension maybe with 75 000 we wouldn't have enough for according to what if we put a material that costs us a lot of tension to drill and its dimensions are such that by placing it here that way to traverse that way if we need less tension than we would need to drill we're going to have a what we call with tournament we're going to have an electric arc that's going to go from the upper lower sphere through the surface of that material but the interesting thing in this experiment is what happens before we call it corona effect here what we want to observe is that before this discharge occurred we are going to observe some bluish phenomena with 1.1 noise very characteristic which we could liken to the crackling of hot oil in a frying pan we will be raising the tension we'll see the corona effect and if we'll raise it up we'll see that there will come a time that crown effect is at its maximum we'll see I call it electron rain uh-huh ok and then there will come a time to jump into the arc. and I will have to stop the tension because otherwise we would have an overload we might have a problem yes ok great so then let's see directly the corona effect Ricard thank you very much for giving us the opportunity to see all these phenomena that otherwise for we could not contemplate and of course I'm looking at it for me it's a flashback because I lived through it all and honestly when I was here 10 years ago I had no idea that I was going to be able to dedicate myself professionally in this field of work and it's that after that year of specialization came a lot of little things I focused my final degree work and master's thesis to modeling and analysis of power systems studying in particular the problems of island power grids I started to work on the oceanic platform of the Canary Islands in the study of renewable integration in islands continued my specialization in high voltage in other companies dedicating myself fully to the design of electrical substations substations for the transmission network for the connection of wind farms or photovoltaic plants and I was even able to work in an offshore substation for Iberdrola for one of the offshore wind farms largest in the world and I was able to move on to work in my current profession perhaps more multidisciplinary today I am in charge of making electrical studies of various kinds electrical network planning studies in industrial plants renewable energy integration studies o grid code compliance studies among many other types of studies and also sustainability studies including life cycle analysis of products or services or strategy development for compliance with the regulatory framework for sustainability but without a doubt the most significant has been to be able to share all this learning follow my lead has been my diary a place in which to capture all this growth and professional discovery and in which to discover that could serve many, many people a place where to read to all of you as well and learn together in which to discover my true vocation teaching the incomparable challenge of making the difficult easy of making the abstract concrete and to help those who face today the same doubts that I had 10 years ago remember to risk 10 years ago I posed at the door of your office how I can dedicate myself to this I've seen in the lab how can i do my final year project about these topics and then to devote myself professionally to high tension what would you say to someone who today come with the same concerns first of all I would congratulate you I would say um actually these areas are uh areas in high demand in the industry eh let's look at european policies the electric vehicle renewable energy generation the world is electric and it's going to be more so so it needs professionals what would you say training training training training specific training quality training an electrical engineering degree to start with for those areas within the electrical engineering degree see very well that you can already address your your interests within that degree active with an itinerary of subjects that you go little by little correct growing on that line correct but don't stay there the thing is to continue to form and and acquire high-level specialized training a master's degree a master's degree in those in those fields no but in parallel I would say motivation personal work reading related articles eh consultation of company's products of companies in the electricity sector etc. etc. body of knowledge linking what you see at the university to what's outside and connect all those ideas and those concepts to more or less end up mastering the subject not correct if you hurry I would say hey and let them also look at people who have achieved these goals who have been successful uh who are succeeding in that in that field and that they look at what they have done to give an example a certain Ruben lijo not Ruben good well well well well I noticed you so that's it in the end eh it's a process isn't it in which we are passing little by little eh what we can transmit thank you very much eh on that line of course and me in your teaching not only theoretical but here I saw that spark not literal and figurative heh what fills you the most of your teaching activity eh because eh you live it with a passion also that is not found everywhere I'm a lucky guy a lucky guy I mean I wear it's dizzying to say it 28 years in the teaching profession is getting to you eh uh students who have a high level of education is an incredible opportunity to do your bit in that formation to help them these people to achieve their goals which will be linked not only to their professional lives but as we know professional life fully impacts personal life so our responsibility is brutal after a few years one year two years 5 years 10 years 15 come and see me and tell me they tell me what they are doing how they have progressed they don't tell you what they have done with what you transmitted to them of course how they have grown I see them happy and that makes me very happy. I think I've been 1 1 grain of sand in that way. and therefore brutal and I'll tell you something else if in the beginning I have been your teacher it is they who teach me they explain to me what they are doing in the industry what they are doing that is worth gold well I take the knowledge I acquire from them. those technological innovations that they are explaining to me and I transfer them to the new students I tell you this was explained to me yesterday by a former student who is now located there I give you as an example and it's fabulous because eh I think well I'm a lucky one I end up telling you the same as I did at the beginning I feel lucky we close the loop of knowledge with that initial transfer of yours and after it reverts people coming later Ricar thank you very much for the opportunity to have you on the channel for showing us all this and also for telling us a little bit about your experience nothing thanks to you and this is the end of today's video I hope it has given you some insight of the high voltage phenomenology and what is its role in the electrical engineering sector also I invite all of you who have reached this point leave your mark in comments you are a student and you are deciding if in the sparks is your future ask any questions you may have and between all of us we will try to help you you are a professional with experience in the sector try also to contribute with your experience to give different brushstrokes of the different um aspects of our profession and thus give them a complete picture let's all contribute together thank you very much for supporting this video to the electrical engineering department of the Polytechnic University of Catalonia and the school of industrial engineering aerospace and audiovisual of Tarrasa I leave you down here in the description the links to your electrical engineering degree program as well as its related master's degree programs so that you can continue researching their subjects. I have no doubt that if you're on this channel this degree is tailor-made for you that's all for today I hope that the video has helped you to decide your future for more energy and electricity remember to subscribe to the channel and click on the bell so that YouTube will notify you with the next thing we publish and also if you leave him a like you will help the platform will recommend it to more people and we can help them we will meet again very soon follow my lead

Channel: Sígueme la Corriente

Views: 15,611

Keywords: Sígueme la Corriente, Rubén Lijó, Ingeniería, Energía, Electricidad, Ingeniería eléctrica, Ingeniería eléctrica en España, especializarme en Alta Tensión, Alta Tensión, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Universidad Politécnica de Cataluña, estudios de ingeniería eléctrica, especialidades de ingeniería eléctrica, ingeniería industrial, ingeniería de la energía, estudiar ingeniería eléctrica, cómo ser experto en alta tensión, arcos eléctricos, experimentos de alta tensión

Id: cE6CX4_B_2w

Length: 24min 54sec (1494 seconds)

Published: Sun Mar 24 2024