Why you should avoid using charger modules!

this module is used for charging rechargeable batteries since charging rechargeable batteries is a big deal most of newbies take refuge in this module or similar modules even though they work fine but it is not best way to charge your battery's with these charger modules are more suitable for prototyping testing not real work if you charge your batteries directly with power supply or if you are using these charger modules in your commercial projects you should reconsider doing that in this video I will give you at least four reasons why not to use these charger modules in your projects and instead of that I will introduce five chipsets to charge your battery's with and in addition I will mention eight key parameters to help you choose best charger IC for your particular battery and then I will focus on one of charger ICS and show you how to use it in your commercial Projects please stay with me in the rest of this video most basic method to charge a battery is to connect the battery directly to power supply all of us did it it is most simple way but it has many disadvantages it needs a human operator to connect the battery to power supply and monitor charging process manually it may damage the battery or even it may cause explosion however it is most simple and basic method look here all of these are batteries most of them got two Terminals and some of them got three like this black red and yellow Terminals and most of them got two red and black to charge these batteries I have to connect red terminal to positive voltage or power supply and black terminal to negative voltage or power supply let's suppose we connect these terminals together I mean a red terminal or battery to positive terminal of power supply and black terminal or battery to negative terminal a power supply which voltage should I use for charging these batteries this is a crucial question to answer there is no identical rule for All Battery types in choosing best voltage to charge the battery width it differ from Battery to battery you must refer to datasheet but we can estimate charging voltage using this simple formula nominal voltage of battery multiplied by 1.13 for example a 3.7 volt lithium ion battery can be charged with 4.80 volt and a 12 volt Drive battery can be charged with 13.56 volt since nominal voltage of this battery is 3.7 volt it's written here we must charge it with 4.18 volts let's connect this voltage to battery and see what happens it draws lots of current probably it is harmful to our battery if you connect the discharge battery to power supply the battery will draw how much current it can and it is harmful to your battery you must limit current amount to safely charge your battery you may ask how much current is safe for charging batteries there is no identical rule for All Battery types and you must refer to data sheet but you can estimate charging current limit using this simple formula for a particular battery be careful this is just estimation nominal current of battery divided by three for example nominal current of this battery is 2 000 milliamps and then using the simple formula current limit for charging this battery should be something around 650 milliamps but you can charge this battery with current limit over that point in that case the battery been charged faster but it may reduce battery life in contrast you can charge this battery with current limit under that point in this case the battery will charge slowly but it may increase battery there is a current limitation capability on most of nowadays DC power supplies we can use this capability for safely charged or batteries first thing to do is to turn the power supply on and set voltage on desired voltage for example 4.2 volts to charge a 3.7 volt lithium ion battery then set the current limitation on minimum then connect positive and negative terminals of battery to positive and negative terminals of power supply and then increase current limit until it reaches to desired value for example 650 milliamps [Music] now we are charging our battery wait a minute is there a problem when I connect the battery to power supply voltage of power supply drops down that's normal let's see what's happening voltage of discharge battery is under 3.7 volts and voltage of our power supply is 4.2 volts then you connect them together they form potential difference more than half volt with no resistor between them actually just resistance of wires exist between them from this basic Ohm's law equation current is trying to reach infinity but we limit current using or power supply capability then we limit the current power supply is forced to take voltage down to keep current under control during first phase of charging process current is constant but voltage of battery get increased and then voltage of power supply become more and more until it reached maximum desired voltage after that second phase of charging processes start in this phase voltage is remained fixed but current get decreased until it reaches zero however in real projects charging process ends when current go under small threshold limit not exactly reaching 0 milliamps after that charging process is over [Music] left side of red line is first phase and right side of red line is second phase in first phase voltage is variable look here voltage is increasing and current is fixed and equal to 650 milliamps but in second phase voltage is fixed and current is variable current is decreasing here in some cases which initial voltage of battery is very low it is necessary to do a pre-charge process before starting first phase in a pre-charged process charger circuit starts with very low constant current to pull voltage of battery up to minimal voltage and then start first phase so that's it if you need to safely charge your battery you have to use a DC power supply and there is no other way for example if you are designing a portable device like Smartwatch you have to embed this power supply in your project it looks great just kidding it is silly to embed this power supply in our project because there are other proper Solutions the proper solution is to use a charger chipset there are lots of ICS to charge and manage batteries these are some of them in beginning of this video I told you not to use these charger modules however these charger modules are nothing but the charger I see on their PCB now it is time to give you four reasons not to use these charger modules and use these ICS instead of them reason number one these modules makes your project expensive someone posted this chipset and designed a PC before that and soldered other components it is obvious they do this for money and this make your project expensive you have to pay their vague reason number two by using these modules your project will look like Child craft think if you open an iPhone and see that these modules are used inside how would you feel about the iPhone will iPhone is still have the same Glory absolutely not reason number three it is likely the module is not fully compatible with your battery especially in term of current they make these modules to maximize sale not maximize coverage of your needs for example they Set current limit at one point maybe you need more current or your battery should be charged with lower current I mean speed of charging process is not under or control reason number four by using these modules you lose many monitoring items in charging process because these modules have limited interface for example you cannot connect them to a microcontroller to control or monitor charging press but by using a battery management IC it is all available low battery alert fully charged notification enable or disable charging process control charge current fully compatible with your battery management policy optimal project cost professional look of your project and many other advantages I assume that you are combined to use these ICS instead of those modules with a simple search on Google for battery charger IC you will face with many options there are many ICS out there for managing and charging ICS which one is best and suitable for our battery to answer this question we need to list main characteristic of charger ICS there are many parameters to select best charger IC but eight of them are critical to consider I'm gonna talk about them parameter number one temperature monitoring some of batteries got three terminals two of them red and black are for voltage and yellow terminal is connected to a temperature sensor inside battery some of battery management ICS support temperature sensor to automatically stop charging in dangerous situations it is better to use an IC that supports temperature monitoring parameter number two Max input voltage it is important to know what Max voltage the IC accept is applying more than that will harm the IC parameter number three programmable or fixed start stop threshold some of ICS are specialized for a certain type of batteries then charge start and stop voltages are fixed but some other are programmable and the can set the threshold voltages by our needs for example if you have to charge a non-standard voltage battery this feature will save you parameter number four Max charge current this is the capability of the IC to provide charge current for example if you need to charge your battery with 650 milliamps the IC must be able to provide such a current parameter number five programmable or fixed charge current charge current in some of ICS is fixed and customized for a special type of batteries but in some other is programmable we can program the IC to fit our needs usually this adjustment is done using an external resistor connected to one of IC terminals parameter number six Max operation current Max operation current or Supply current is amount of current that charger IC itself uses in its idle time since batteries are mostly used in portable devices this parameter is critical to consider the less the better parameter number seven regular or fast charging fast charging is capability to charge batteries with controlled high voltage some of ICS supports fast charging but most of them do regular charge parameter number eight number of cells most of battery management ICS are single cell but there are part numbers which support multiple cells if you need more than one battery cell in your project you can use a multi-cell battery management IC so that's it we considered eight critical parameter of charger ICS let's see example there are so many options available in Market but these are most popular for an instance I'm gonna look at data sheet of tp4056 charger IC this is data sheet of 4056 charger IC or battery management IC let's look at it in detail let's begin with its title one amp Standalone linear lithium ion battery charger with thermal regulation there are lots of information in its title this one amp here implies that this IC can provide maximum one amp or 1 000 milliamperes of charge current this lithium ion battery here implies that start and start half threshold voltages is fixed in this IC and customized for Lithium-ion batteries this thermal regulation here implies that this IC support temperature monitoring let's look at pin out of this icy here pin number one is dedicated for temperature input that yellow wire in battery so this is a good point for this chipset let's go to next page there is a table here typical input Supply voltage in this ICS 5 volt and maximum input Supply voltage is 8 volt maximum input Supply current is 500 microamperes in worst case it is acceptable this is not bad let's go to last page there is a sample and simple circuit here these components are here and required for proper setup of this IC and charge current in this IC is programmable using this external resistor here you can set this resistor either using this table here or this equation here both of them can be used to set this resistor for example if you want to limit charge current to 400 milliamps you have to put a three kilo or resistor here in R probe I think tp-4056 can cover 90 of your needs it is lovely but maybe you ask another question about battery powered devices some of battery-powered devices are powered using a single 3.7 volt lithium-ion battery but inside their circuit there are higher voltages like 9 volt or even 24 volt height is possible where this voltages come from in my next video I will talk about voltage Regulators in detail and answer this question and much more other questions about voltage regulators so that's it I hope you enjoyed this video thanks for watching if you like this video make sure to subscribe for more this button here hit this button thank you

Channel: Electronic Wizard

Views: 121,278

Keywords: battery charger module, charging module, tp4056 charger module, how to make lithium battery charger, lithium battery charger module, battery charger, lithium battery charger board protection module, lithium ion battery charger, tp4056 charging module, module, tp4056 lithium cell charger module, charger, 3.7 volt battery charger, lithium battery charger

Id: TrFzYEsJ0_Y

Length: 16min 44sec (1004 seconds)

Published: Tue Aug 29 2023