Why Is The Universe Designed So PERFECTLY- Maybe it Was Crea...

the universe is a vast and mysterious place that has been the subject of human curiosity for thousands of years from the ancient Greeks to Modern astrophysicists we have been searching for answers to the biggest questions about our Cosmos what is the universe made of how did it begin and what is its ultimate fate the answers to these questions have come through a combination of observation experimentation and theoretical models which have shaped our understanding of the universe and our place within it with the latest theories and observations we'll explore the mysteries of this vast expanse of space and delve into the secrets it holds have you ever looked at the sky and wondered why anything exists at all there are approximately 200 billion trillion stars in the known universe or to put it another way 206 dillians the number is so big it's hard to imagine but hundreds of years back we didn't even know all these things existed stories of our Cosmos have been debated for centuries and can even be traced back even to the second century let's take a brief history in ancient Greece philosophers such as anaximanda and aristarchus made early attempts to understand the universe anax Amanda believed that air was the primary substance that held the universe together he believed that air was infinite and divine apostolated Eternal motion along with the apiron as the originating cause of the world the apiron was infinite and could not be created or destroyed while aristakas believed that the sun was at the center of the universe and that the Earth and other celestial bodies revolved around it however these early theories were not widely accepted it wasn't until the work of tillemi in the second century that the idea of a geocentric Universe with the Earth at the center became dominant this Theory held sway for over a thousand years until it was challenged by the Polish astronomer Nicolas Copernicus in the 16th century Copernicus argued that the sun was indeed at the center of the universe and that the Earth and other planets revolved around it a concept popularly known as heliocentrism this idea was further developed and refined by the German mathematician and astronomer Johannes Kepler and the Italian physicist and astronomer Galileo Galilei however their work was met with resistance from the Catholic Church which saw it as a threat to the long-held belief in a geocentric universe despite this opposition the evidence in support of heliocentrism continued to mount and by the 17th century it had become the dominant model of the universe this was cemented by the work of the English physicist and mathematician Isaac Newton who developed the laws of motion and gravity Newton published one of the most celebrated works of science the principia in 1687. in it he described that the force that pulls objects toward the ground is the very same force that underlies the motion of the planets and stars Newton formulated this insight into a mathematical equation known as the law of universal gravitation when combined with knowledge of geometry and Newton's other equations of motion we can use them to make predictions about the movement of the planets the parts of comets or how much force is needed to get a rocket to the moon we acknowledge Newton not just because of his idea but because he was able to formulate his idea into an equation that made predictions with greater accuracy than ever before but it wasn't perfect he didn't describe how gravity works the way it does Newton was well aware of this when he said gravity must be caused by an agent acting consistently according to certain laws but whether this agent be material or immaterial I have left to the consideration of my readers the concept of a heliocentric Universe dominated scientific thinking for the next few centuries until the development of the theory of general relativity by Albert Einstein in the early 20th century which provided a new and more complete understanding of the nature of the universe before Einstein the prevailing view was that space and time were separate entities absolute and unchanging with objects moving through them Einstein proposed that space and time were intertwined and could be affected by the presence of matter and energy forming a four-dimensional fabric known as space-time space in its simplest form refers to the physical space that surrounds us a three-dimensional area that we can move around in and experience this physical space is often referred to as euclidean space and is thought of as an absolute and unchanging backdrop to our existence time on the other hand is a little more complex time is the progression of events or memory in the frame of space it's also thought of as a dimension just like the dimensions of space however time is different from the physical dimensions of space because it has a directional aspect time only moves forward and this flow of time is referred to as the arrow of time so while time and space are separate Concepts they are closely related and can be thought of as intertwined aspects of the universe time provides a record of the events that occur in space while space provides the stage on which those events take place according to general relativity massive objects like stars and planets cause space-time to curve leading to the phenomenon of gravity this Theory revolutionized how we think about gravity replacing Isaac Newton's concept of gravity as a force with the idea that massive objects simply follow the Curves in space-time Einstein's theory showed that time can be relative meaning that time can pass at different rates for two observers depending on their relative velocity and proximity to massive objects this idea was confirmed by experiments and has significant consequences for our understanding of the universe such as the possibility of time travel in summary Einstein's theory of general relativity refined our understanding of space time and gravity and paved the way for many advances in modern astrophysics and cosmology back in his days almost every astronomer believed that the Universe was static but not until American astronomer Edwin Hubble presented his evidence of the expansion of the universe Einstein embraced the idea he called his adherence to the old idea his greatest blunder Albert Einstein was supposedly elated to hear of Hubble's work Einstein's theory of relativity implied that the Universe must either be expanding or Contracting Einstein himself however had rejected this notion instead he favored the accepted idea that the Universe was stationary and had always existed Hubble was among the first to recognize that there are other galaxies beyond the boundaries of our Milky Way he used a technique pioneered by Heria to Levitt to measure distances to remote objects in the sky Hubble use spectroscopic redshift data to measure the speeds these objects were traveling and then graph their distance from Earth against their speed he discovered that the speed at which astronomical objects move apart is proportional to their distance from each other in other words the farther away objects are from Earth the faster they are moving away from us this became known as Hubble's Law Edwin Hubble observed stars in a hazy patch of light that at the time was known as The Andromeda nebula specifically Hubble observed variable Stars those that change in brightness he measured the period of how long a star took to dim and brighten from the period of brightening he calculated the star's intrinsic brightness from that he could calculate the distance that's when he realized that the stars in this nebula were so far away that it couldn't exist within our own Galaxy at the time many astronomers believed that the Andromeda nebula was a forming solar system within the Milky Way Hubble showed that this patch of light was really a separate Galaxy thanks to Hubble we know it today as the Andromeda Galaxy it is the nearest large spiral galaxy beyond the Milky Way Hubble showed there are separate galaxies beyond our Milky Way and the more distant the Galaxy the faster it moves away from us these discoveries from Hubble Einstein and other great scientists have greatly contributed to our current understanding of cosmology their observations and theories have been incorporated into the Lambda cold Dark Matter model which is currently the most widely accepted cosmological model [Music] Central to it all is the Big Bang the basics of the theory are fairly simple in short the Big Bang hypothesis states that all of the current and past matter in the universe came into existence at the same time roughly 13.8 billion years ago at this time all Mata was compacted into a very small ball with infinite density an intense heat called a singularity suddenly Singularity began expanding and the universe as we know it began the earliest indications of the Big Bang occurred as a result of deep space observations conducted in the early 20th century in 1912 American astronomer vesto slipper conducted a series of observations of spiral galaxies which were believed to be nebulae at that time and measured their Doppler redshift in almost all cases the spiral galaxies were observed to be moving away from our own in 1922 Russian cosmologist Alexander Friedman developed what is known as the Friedman equations which were derived from Einstein's equations for general relativity contrary to Einstein's advocating at the time with his cosmological constant Friedman's work showed that the Universe was likely in a state of expansion in 1924 Edwin Hubble's measurement of the great distance to the nearest spiral nebula showed that these systems were indeed other galaxies at the same time Hubble began developing a series of distance indicators using the 100-inch hooker telescope at Mount Wilson Observatory and then in 1927 George's lemaitre a Belgian physicist and Roman Catholic priest independently derived the same results as Friedman's equations and proposed at the inferred recession of the galaxies was due to the expansion of the universe in 1931 he took this further suggesting that the current expansion of the universe meant that the father back in time one went the smaller the universe would be at some point in the past he argued the entire mass of the universe would have been concentrated into a single point from which the very fabric of space and time originated these discoveries triggered a debate between physicists throughout the 1920s and 30s with the majority advocating that the Universe was in a steady state in this model new matter is continuously created as the universe expands thus preserving the uniformity and density of matter over time among these scientists the idea of a big bang seemed more theological than scientific and accusations of bias were made against lemaitre based on his religious background other theories were advocated during this time as well such as the mill model and the oscillatory universe model both of these theories were based on Einstein's theory of general relativity and held that the Universe follows infinite or indefinite self-sustaining Cycles after World War II the debate came to a head between proponents of the steady state model and proponents of The Big Bang Theory which was growing in popularity ironically it was whole who coined the phrase Big Bang during a BBC Radio broadcast in March 1949. the tide of observational evidence shifted towards the Big Bang Theory over the steady state Theory as more discoveries were made in 1965 the discovery and verification of cosmic microwave background radiation solidified the Big Bang as the prevailing theory of the universe's origin and evolution this was due to the big Bang's prediction of uniform background radiation resulting from high temperatures and densities in the distant past today The Big Bang Theory is widely accepted due to the abundance of empirical evidence supporting it precise measurements of the universe's expansion rate placed the Big Bang Singularity at approximately 13.787 billion years ago which is considered the age of the universe while the Big Bang Theory is widely accepted there are still observed aspects of the universe that remain unexplained by its models following the initial expansion the universe called enabling the formation of subatomic particles and later atoms the baryon asymmetry or the unequal abundance of matter and antimatter that allowed for this is still an unresolved issue these primordial elements primarily hydrogen with some helium and lithium later combined due to gravity to form early stars and galaxies in 2014 scientists from the Harvard's Smithsonian Center for astrophysic studying characteristics of cosmic microwave background radiation detected evidence to support inflation Theory their observations are believed to reflect the imprint of gravitational waves on the universe in the first few moments after the big bang about 380 000 years after the big bang the universe became transparent to light for the next several billion years gravity slowed the expansion of the universe about 8 billion years after the big bang expansion of the universe began to accelerate cosmologists believe that an effect called dark energy is causing the universe to expand by making Mata repel other matter at present we still don't know what dark energy is but we'll get back to it later in the video first let's see how big the entire universe really is foreign how far can you see everything you can see and everything you could possibly see right now assuming your eyes could detect all types of radiations around you is the observable universe in terms of visible light the farthest we can observe originates from the cosmic microwave background a Time 13.8 billion years ago when the universe was dense like a heavy fog some neutrinos and gravitational waves that surround us come from even farther out but humans currently lack the technology to detect them the featured image showcases the observable universe on a progressively smaller scale starting with the Earth and Sun at the center followed by our solar system nearby Stars nearby galaxies distant galaxies filaments of early matter and the cosmic microwave background cosmologists often assume that the observable universe is simply a localized portion of a larger entity referred to as the universe where the same physical laws apply however there are various speculative theories that suggest that even the universe is part of a greater Multiverse where physical constants may vary different physical laws may be in effect higher Dimensions may exist or slightly different versions of the standard universe may occur by chance in the area of the universe that we can see there are approximately two trillion galaxies the universe is believed to be homogeneous and isotropic meaning that it looks the same in every direction as a result there is no preferred Center or Edge and no special direction that is more up or down than any other the universe simply exists as it is without a specific Center or Edge from anywhere in the observable universe the farthest point is 46.5 billion light years away of course that exceeds the age of the universe which is only about 13.8 billion years so how is that possible these two numbers represent different things and should not be confused the age of the universe is the time that has passed into the Big Bang while the diameter of the observable universe is the maximum extent of the region we can observe and is determined by the distance that light can travel in that time simply enough due to a process we don't yet understand the universe is expanding and the further away an object is the faster it recedes from The Observer we currently refer to the phenomenon as being driven by dark energy and dark matter which are terms we created as placeholders until we have an explanation for the process dark energy and dark matter are two mysterious and enigmatic substances that scientists believe make up a significant portion of the universe although they have not been directly observed their existence is inferred from their gravitational effects on visible matter scientists estimate that dark matter makes up about 27 of the total mass of the universe one of the way scientists have tried to detect dark matter is through the use of particle detectors such as the Large Hadron Collider however despite several searches dark matter has yet to be directly observed some scientists believe that dark matter May consist of weakly interacting massive particles While others think it could be made up of sterile neutrinos or axons and for Dark Energy scientists believe that dark energy makes up about 68 of the total energy of the universe although it is one of the most dominant forms of energy in the universe its nature is still not well understood one of the ways scientists have tried to understand dark energy is by studying its effects on the expansion of the universe according to the standard cosmological model the universe began with the big bang and has been expanding ever since however observations of supernovae in distant galaxies have shown that the expansion of the universe is actually accelerating rather than slowing down as previously believed this acceleration is believed to be caused by the presence of dark energy there are several theories about the nature of dark energy including the cosmological constant quintessence and Phantom energy the cosmological constant first proposed by Albert Einstein is the simplest explanation for dark energy and assumes that it is a constant energy density that is uniformly distributed throughout the Universe quintessence is a more complex theory that suggests that dark energy is a dynamic field that evolves over time Phantom energy is a more exotic theory that suggests that dark energy has a negative equation of State meaning that it increases as the universe expands as time progresses Dark Energy will become increasingly significant while all other forms of energy including dark matter will become insignificant despite the possibility of a relationship between dark matter and dark energy it remains Elusive and not clearly understood by physicists with our current knowledge of the natural world to account for Dark Matter an additional component is required that can form clumps through gravitational attraction but does not Collide or apply pressure conversely for Dark Energy a component is necessary that doesn't Clump or Collide but does produce pressure are they related we cannot say for certain until we have some evidence that these two things actually are related somehow we have to take the conservative approach Dark Matter forms and holds together the largest bound structures but Dark Energy pushes those individual structures away from one another the latter is so successful that in 100 billion years or so all that will be left of our visible universe is the local group of galaxies beyond that there will only be an empty expanse of nothingness with no other galaxies visible for trillions upon trillions of light years [Music] the world around us is made up of countless particles ranging from the atoms that make up the air we breathe to the cells that make up our bodies what are these particles made of and how do they interact with each other if we look at the body on a macroscopic level we see a collection of cells that work together to form tissues organs and ultimately the entire organism but if we zoom in closer we see that each cell is made up of countless particles including protons nutrients and electrons and if we zoom in even closer we see that those protons and nutrients are made up of quarks in fact the entire universe can be thought of as a vast collection of quarks and other subatomic particles all interacting with each other through the fundamental forces of nature this Perfection is all the more remarkable when we consider the universe's history from its birth in the fiery explosion of the Big Bang to its ongoing expansion and evolution despite all the chaos and destruction that has occurred in the universe the fundamental laws of nature have remained constant providing a stable foundation for the emergence and evolution of life it's difficult to look up at the night sky and not be struck by the sheer perfection of the universe everything seems to have been designed with meticulous attention to detail from the countless galaxies and stars stretching across the Heavens to the intricate interwoven systems that govern the universe's Behavior and nowhere is this Perfection more apparent than in the delicate balance of physical constants that allow for the emergence of life the universe is eerily uncannily perfect as a setting for creating life all of the physical constants that govern the universe's behavior from the speed of light to the ratios of the four fundamental forces seen finely tuned to allow for the emergence of Life as We Know It if any of these constants were even slightly different the universe would be inhospitable incapable of supporting the complex chemical reactions and biological processes that make life this level of precision and fine-tuning has led many to wonder why is the universe so perfect how did all of these physical constants become so perfectly calibrated to allow for the emergence of life is there a purpose behind the universe's Perfection or is it simply a coincidence [Music] [Music] at one time people around the world believed that the Universe consisted of a flat Earth surrounded by the Sun the moon and the stars over time ancient astronomers became aware that some stars did not move like the rest and began to understand that some of these objects were planets in time astronomers then also began to understand that the Earth was indeed round and came up with rationalized explanations for the behavior of other celestial bodies and by classical Antiquity scientists had formulated ideas on how the motion of the planets occurred and how all the Heavenly orbs fit together for about 1 400 years Humanity believed that the Earth was at the center of it all with the Sun Moon planets and stars revolving around the Earth which is what we refer to as the geocentric model of the universe an astronomer named eudox has created the first model of a geocentric Universe around 380 BC this geocentric model of the universe was the prevailing view for much of human history but it was not without its problems ancient astronomers noticed that some of the planets seemed to move backward in the sky at certain times a phenomenon known as retrograde motion to explain this they came up with increasingly complex models involving Crystal spheres and Tiny circles this theory was further refined by to lemi to lemi argued that the Earth was a sphere in the center of the universe from the simple observation that half the stars were above the Horizon and half were below the Horizon at any time and the assumption that the stars were all at some modest distance from the center of the universe if the Earth was substantially displaced from the center this Division intervisible and invisible Stars would not be equal but in the 16th century a Polish mathematician an astronomer named Nicolas Copernicus presented a radically different Universe model his heliocentric model placed the Sun at the center of the solar system with the Earth and other planets orbiting around it it took some time for copernicus's ideas to gain widespread acceptance as they challenged long-held beliefs and went against the established authority of the Catholic Church but over time observations by Galileo and others helped to confirm the heliocentric model and it gradually became the prevailing view in the scientific community the 20th century brought about massive advancement in technology and our ability to study the universe as astronomers peered into the heavens with ever larger telescopes it became clear that the sun is just one of the billions of stars within our Milky Way galaxy and the Milky Way in turn is just one of potentially trillions of galaxies in the observable universe but the realization that we are just a small part of a vast and expansive Universe didn't stop there with the work of scientists like Edwin Hubble we learned that the universe is not only vast but also expanding this led to the development of The Big Bang Theory which states that the Universe began with a massive explosion 13.8 billion years ago all of these discoveries have led us to ask the question are we special in the universe the answer it seems is both yes and no on one hand we are just one species on one planet in a vast and ever expanding universe but on the other hand the conditions that allowed for our existence are incredibly specific and rare from the tilt of the Earth's axis to the precise placement of the Moon our planet and its surrounding environment are perfectly suited for Life as We Know It sometimes you can only resort to the most basic of assumptions that however the universe may behave it behaved in a way that allowed it to give rise to intelligent observers like us this line of thinking is known as the anthropic principle nobody doubts that the Universe exists that it obeys fundamental laws and that we like everything else in this universe also obey those same rules we arose naturally and therefore the universe must have properties that at least make it possible if not mandatory for intelligent living observers like us to arise the anthropic principle came about in 1973 when physicist Brandon Carter made the following two statements we must be prepared to take into account the fact that our location in the universe is necessarily privileged to the extent of being compatible with our existence as Observers the universe and hence the fundamental parameters on which it depends must be as to admit the creation of observers within it at some stage the first statement is now known as the weak anthropic principle which simply states that the Universe must be such that we could have come into existence within it the second is called the strong anthropic principle which states that if no one arose in the universe would never be here investigating it however these interpretations of the anthropic principle fail to recognize that probability is not an objective absolute but rather it's relative to a set of specific conditions once all the conditions are established the probability of an event occurring becomes either one or zero therefore the existence of life does not imply that the universe is perfect moreover relying solely on the anthropic principle to explain the Perfection of the universe ignores the fundamental goal of science that is to understand the natural processes that shaped our universe the scientific inquiry aims to uncover the mechanisms that led to the current state of the universe not to use anthropic arguments to explain its properties the anthropic principle is a useful starting point for exploring the constraints on the properties of our universe still it is not a complete scientific explanation in and of itself but where does that leave us [Music] in the Medieval Era philosophers and Scholars grappled with the nature of the universe and the origins of life one such thinker was sigura brabant a 13th century philosopher who authored the thesis The Eternity of the world cigar was born in brabant a region in modern-day Belgium around the year 1240 and studied in Paris which was then the center of the intellectual world in Paris cigar was associated with the radical Aristotelian movement which sought to reconcile the teachings of the ancient Greek philosopher with the doctrine of Christianity this movement was led by figures such as avros and avicenna who had translated and interpreted Aristotle's works and who argued that philosophy could be used to supplement and deepen religious faith Sega was deeply influenced by these thinkers and his own philosophy emphasized the importance of reason and the power of human intellect he argued that philosophy was a necessary complement to Theology and that the truths of Faith could be illuminated and made more understandable through the use of logic and argumentation in his thesis on The Eternity of the world cigar challenged the traditional view that the Universe had a definite beginning and that it had been created instead cigar argued that the Universe had always existed and that it was eternal and self-sufficient according to Cigar there was no first man and no first specimen of any particular species and the physical Universe was without any First beginning sigga's thesis was highly controversial and it sparked intense debate among Scholars and theologians of his time many argued that sigus ideas were heretical and threatened the foundations of the Christian faith While others saw in them an opportunity to deepen and enrich their understanding of the world however sigur's idea of an eternal Universe found new life in the 20th century with the steady state model according to the steady state model the universe is perfect because it has always existed in a state of balance and symmetry with new matter being constantly created to replace the matter that is lost as the universe expands this theory was developed in 1948 by Fred Hoyle Hermann Bondi and Thomas gold it was founded on what's now known as the perfect cosmological principle which hypothesized that the Universe wasn't just the same on average everywhere in space but also in time that no matter when you looked at the Universe on average you'd always see the same thing this is the core tenet of the steady state theory that the Universe isn't just the same everywhere but also everywhere the steady state universe isn't just Eternal but timeless according to this Theory the universe has always been in a state of perfect balance with just the right amount of matter and energy to maintain its expansion this is one of the theories that can at least explain why the universe is so perfect but however just like other theories there's a catch even though the theory was so good that even Einstein favored it problems with the steady state model began to emerge in the 1950s and 60s when astronomers discovered the accelerated expansion of the universe radio galaxies and quasars that are only observed at High redshifts however the real nail in the coffin of the steady state theory was the discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation in 1965 this is a weak background radiation that fills the whole of space and is the same in all directions this paved way for The Big Bang Theory which is considered the best explanation of the origin of the universe which states that the Universe expanded from a very hot very dense and infinitesimally small Point called a singularity in The Big Bang Theory this radiation is a relic or Snapshot from the time the universe was young and hot and was predicted before it was even discovered however in the steady state Theory it is almost impossible to explain the origin of this radiation the idea that the Universe expanded from a single point was first presented in a scientific paper by a Belgian cosmologist and Catholic priest Georges lemaitre in 1931. he proposed the existence of a Primeval Atom where the fabric of space and time originated in 1927 years before he presented this idea he also submitted a paper discussing his derivations on Einstein's equations it led him to conclude that the universe is expanding and that the speed of the galaxies is proportional to their distances in 1929 Edwin Hubble presented more updated and detailed data establishing the proportionality between the distances and the speeds of the galaxies in 1964 George Gamo proposed the idea that the Universe expanded and called from an initial state of infinite density and temperature he added that all protons nutrients and electrons have been present in that ocean of high energy radiation calculations also explained the relative abundances of hydrogen and helium but not the heavier elements this leaves us with one vital question have the laws of nature remained the same since the Big Bang some 13.8 billion years ago [Music] in the 4th Century Aristotle argued that one of the major goals of physics was the study of change if the laws of physics that we knew have changed with time then we can ask for the reason behind this change and call that a law of physics instead if that in turn appeared to change then again we can ask for the reason behind this change one does not expect this to go on eventually it will come to a stop and we have a physical theory that is independent of time if any of the fundamental forces of the universe were to change the results would be catastrophic here in our modern Universe we've got gravitation electromagnetism and the strong and weak nuclear forces if any of these forces went constant it's easy to imagine how Haywire the universe would get if the force of gravity weren't constant the consequences would be far-reaching and potentially disastrous reliable predictions of object motion on Earth Celestial orbits within our solar system flight parts of aircraft and spacecraft and Cosmic phenomena such as gravitational lensing and universe expansion would be virtually impossible to make same thing goes for electromagnetic force if it weren't constant electrons in orbit around Atomic nuclei would see their orbitals and energy levels change and The Binding properties between electrons in different atoms would become highly uncertain in other words every molecule in the universe if the electromagnetic force changed would alter its properties in a fundamental fashion if this happened where entities like human beings exist would be immediately thrust into an unsustainable configuration if it occurred on Earth life would immediately come to an end and if the strong or weak nuclear force has changed it would bring about a level of catastrophe that would be Swift and severe leaving little time for us to even comprehend what was happening dable Atomic nuclei would undergo spontaneous Decay releasing a tremendous amount of energy as they shifted into a more stable configuration bound atoms would be stripped of their electrons and transformed into ionized particles resulting in the creation of a plasma universe in the affected region the consequences of such a disruption to the fundamental nuclear forces would be so profound that it's impossible to fully comprehend the scale of the devastation that would result our universe must have been born with lumps but if we're different than this the masses of those lumps would have been very different if it was much smaller there'd be no structure at all much larger and we could have had a universe catastrophically filled with black holes from a very very early time to give us the universe we have required an extremely fortuitous combination of circumstances and lucky for us the one we were given looks to be just right we happen to live in a universe that supports life because if we didn't we wouldn't be here to wonder about it but what if the fine-tuning of our universe is not remarkable because there are countless other universes that have different physical constants and laws of nature foreign in 1952 Irwin Schrodinger gave a lecture in which he jocularly warned his audience that what he was about to say might seem lunatic he said that when his equation seemed to describe several different histories these were not Alternatives but all really happened simultaneously this sort of Duality is called superposition according to David Deutsch this is the earliest known reference to many worlds this implies that all possible outcomes of quantum measurements are physically realized in some world or universe imagine that the Universe we observe from end to end is just a drop in the cosmic ocean beyond what we can see there's more space more stars more galaxies and More Everything perhaps billions of light years farther than we'll ever be able to access and that as large as the unobservable universe is there are again innumerably more universes just like it some might be larger and older some smaller and younger dotted throughout an even larger space time as rapidly and inevitably as these universes expand the space-time containing them expands even more quickly driving them apart from one another and ensuring that no two universes will ever collide this is the scientific idea of a Multiverse but if the science we accept today is correct it's not only a valid idea it's an unavoidable consequence of our fundamental laws the idea of the Multiverse has its roots in the physics required to describe the universe that we see and inhabit today as WE peer out into the cosmos we are confronted with a seemingly infinite expanse of stars galaxies and Cosmic structures that stretch across vast distances of space and time the more we look the more we see and the more questions arise if we go all the way to the limits of what we can see we find the very earliest stars in the universe and then a region of Darkness beyond that where the only light is the leftover glow from The Big Bang but the big bang itself occurring everywhere some 13.8 billion years ago wasn't the start of space and time but rather the start of our observable universe before that there was an Epoch known as Cosmic inflation where space itself expanded exponentially full of energy inherent to the fabric of space-time in 2007 Nobel Laureate Stephen Weinberg suggested that if the Multiverse existed the hope of finding a rational explanation for the precise values of Quark masses and other constants of the standard model that we observe in our big bang is doomed for their values would be an accident of the particular part of the Multiverse in which we live this picture of huge universes far bigger than the meager part that's observable to us constantly being created across this exponentially inflating space is what the Multiverse is all about there are other universes that might not favor intelligent life like us that our universe is just perfect for us it's important to recognize that the Multiverse is not a scientific theory on its own it makes no predictions for any observable phenomena that we can access from within our own pocket of existence rather the Multiverse is a theoretical prediction that comes out of the laws of physics as they are best understood today it's perhaps even an inevitable consequence of those laws if you have an inflationary Universe governed by quantum physics this is something you're pretty much destined to wind up with [Music] in 1913 Lawrence Joseph Henderson made a significant contribution to the study of the universe's fine-tuning with his book The Fitness of the environment among the first works of its kind the book delved into the critical role of water and environmental conditions in sustaining life Henderson noted that life's existence depends entirely on the Earth's specific conditions particularly the abundance and properties of water building on this Foundation physicist Robert Dickey postulated in 1961 that the universe's physical forces including electromagnetism and gravity must be finely tuned to allow for life to thrive similarly in his 1984 book The intelligent Universe Fred Hoyle argued that numerous non-biological phenomena appeared to be essential to the existence of carbon-based life forms such as humans whole put it the list of anthropic properties apparent accidents of a non-biological nature without which carbon-based and hence human life could not exist is large and impressive to convictions about the universe's fine-tuning led many to believe that the Large Hadron Collider would uncover evidence of physics beyond the standard model such as supersymmetry however despite Expectations by 2012 the collider had not yielded proof of supersymmetry at the energy levels it was capable of probing despite these competing theories there's no denying the fact that our universe is indeed remarkably consistent and well ordered the speed of light is the same in every corner of the cosmos the laws of thermodynamics hold true from the smallest particles to the largest structures and the ratio of the strong force to the electromagnetic force is just right to allow for the formation of stars and galaxies alter the relative strengths of gravity and electromagnetism a little bit stars and galaxies can't form different in the proton and Neutron's masses to make the proton heavier and you don't even get stable atoms changing these numbers would probably preclude any life in the universe it isn't a big leap to say it looks like the knobs have been twiddled as if the universe was somehow fine-tuned for our existence but what does all of this mean for us well it suggests that there's something special about the universe and the way that it operates it points to a sense of purpose or meaning that extends beyond our individual lives and experiences it reminds us that we are part of something much larger and more intricate than we could ever fully comprehend so the next time you look up at the night sky take a moment to Marvel at the Perfection and consistency of the universe let it remind you of the incredible mystery and beauty of the world we live in and of our place in the grand scheme of things but one of the biggest challenges now is how can we find a theory that can link up everything in the universe like a magic Theory I have already made a video on that click the video up on your screen to watch it and I'll see you there thanks for watching And subscribe for more videos foreign

Channel: Fexl

Views: 400,186

Keywords: a universe from nothing, physics, universe, creation, nothing, big bang, cosmic egg, quantum vacuum, multiverse, string theory, causality, origins, cosmology, astrophysics, science, theory, philosophy, religion, was the universe created from nothing, the big bang theory, big bang theory, before the big bang, the universe, the universe show, history the universe, space, outer space, nasa, space video, space station, a universe from nothing explained, heliocentrism

Id: A6-yWgVikdI

Length: 42min 11sec (2531 seconds)

Published: Sun Apr 16 2023