In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages
(or medieval period) lasted from the 5th to the 15th century. It began with the fall of the Western Roman
Empire and merged into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. The Middle Ages is the middle period of the
three traditional divisions of Western history: classical antiquity, the medieval , and the
modern period. The Medieval one is itself subdivided into
the Early, High, and Late phases. Since the fall of Rome, there has been no
empire based in Europe which extends outside the continent. This situation changes abruptly in the 16th
century, when Spain and Portugal become the pioneers in a new era of colonization. But before was the Middle Ages. In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages
(or medieval period) lasted from the 5th to In that period The Ibearian Peninsula was a principal area In Europe which was marked by wars, famine and invasion. Muslim conquest of Hispania was the initial
expansion of the Umayyad Caliphate over Hispania, largely extending from 711 to 788. The conquest resulted in the destruction of
the Visigothic Kingdom The 'Reconquista', describe the period in the history of the
Iberian Peninsula of about 780 years between the Umayyad conquest of Hispania in 711 and
the fall of the Nasrid kingdom of Granada to the expanding Christian kingdoms in 1491. One of these Christian Kingdoms which reconquered
the peninsula was Portugal. This period is so important because it is
in fact the transition between the post roman Iberia and the exploration era. The simple idea of fighting the Muslims on
their own soil was linked with more-complicated motives: the desire to explore in a scientific
sense, the hope of finding a way to the rich spice trade of the Indies, and the impulse
to spread the Christian faith. So even before the Columbus's Voyages, Portugal
being at the end of Europe on the Atlantic coast, started some expeditions reaching some
islands in the ocean and The West African Coast. A huge trade network was a goal for the Portuguese. The Oriental land and sea routes terminated
along the Mediterranean sea for them. The word spices then had a loose application
and extended to many Oriental luxuries. Later Vasco da Gama, adventured south and
east for Portugal, reached India in 1498 establishing a new route to the Asian Goods. Portugal gained possessions in India, the
East Indies, and Brazil. Besides the footholds in some parts of the
world, Portugal was a country that discovered other places and establish trade routes to
China and Japan. And their empire will start to exist as scarcely
empire. It was a commercial operation based on possession
of fortifications and posts strategically situated for trade. Portugal didn't focus on attacking and gaining
tons of land from Oriental Kingdoms due to the probably the lack of necessary manpower
and the huge distance to do so. the Portuguese also relied on alliances with
native states and didn't dominate the Indian Ocean due to it's vastness, but managed to
establish strongholds to assure a trade network. The first parts of the portuguese empire to
be lost were the eastern colonies in Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Nagasaki, Taiwan).This lose began
in 1580, when the spanish king became the first of three consequitive spanish kings
of Portugal due to family ties between the two crowns. In 1580 Philip II of Spain seized the Portuguese
throne, which had fallen vacant and to which he had some blood claim. Portugal remained theoretically independent,
bound only by a personal union to its neighbour; but succeeding Spanish monarchs steadily encroached
on its liberties until the small kingdom became, in effect, a conquered province. Spain’s European enemies meanwhile descended
on the Portuguese Empire and ended its Eastern supremacy before the restoration of Portugal’s
independence in 1640. Spain was a power at that time but, However,
this union meant that Spain dragged Portugal into its conflicts with other European powers
countries. This ones weakened The Spanish and the Portugues
and marked their slow decline. The spanish wars became portuguese wars (for
instance, several portuguese ships were integrated in the Spanish Armada that attacked England
in 1588). One of those inherited wars was with the Dutch,
fighting for their freedom against spanish rule. They began attacking portuguese colonies throughout
the world in 1602. The Dutch conquered most of the eastern portuguese. The eastern portuguese empire ended except
some stronholds like Timor in Indonesia, Macau in China and Goa in India. Also in the Arab Peninsula the Portuguese
will lose small possessions. The loss of colonies was one of the reasons
that contributed to the end of the personal union with Spain.The crown established the
Overseas Council, in 1643. In the the next hundred years the English
started to became the dominant power in India. The Portuguese were defeated by the some Indian
Kingdoms and after all this they were only able to maintain Goa and other minor bases
in India. The gold rush and the plantation industry
in Brazil, which was the main Portuguese colony, considerably increased the gains of the crown
in the 18th Century. But in the same century, In 1755, Lisbon,
the Capital, was hit by a catastrophic huge earthquake, followed by a tsunami created
huge destruction. Probably this event was influenced in a pretty
bad way the Portuguese colonial and internal ambitions. After the American Independence it was fear
that some other colonies in the New World might do the same. But Brazil wasn't under a serious threat at
that time. The situation will change after 1808, when
Napoleon changed the history of Europe and the World by invading some countries, creating
instability, new coalitions and his actions. A were followed by other actions. In 1808, Napoleon Bonaparte invaded Portugal
and the royal court was moved to Brazil. By 1815 Brazil was elevated to the status
of Kingdom, the Portuguese state officially becoming the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil
and the Algarves with the capital transferred from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro in Brazil. The royal family came back in the Portuguese
mainland in 1821, but after all this changes with Brazil having the equal status with Portugal
a growing desire for independence started to exist.When the king tried to turn Brazil
back into a colony, the crown-prince declared the Independence of Brazil and became the
first brazilian emperor. The western portuguese empire ended. John was still the King of this United Kingdom
and his son, the prince Pedro, proclaimed the independence of Brazil one year later
in 1822, and was crowned Emperor of the new Empire of Brazil. Portuguese colonialism focused on expanding
its outposts in Africa into nation-sized territories to compete with other European powers there. Portugal pushed into the heartland of Angola
and Mozambique. In 1890, the British crown made an ultimatum
to the portuguese king: all portuguese efforts to conquer african territory between Angola
and Mozambique to unite both portuguese colonies had come to a halt (the english wanted to
connect by rail South Africa and Egypt through exclusive english colonies). This 1890 British Ultimatum later caused the
fall of the portuguese monarchy and the chances of an existing Colonial Empire. In the 20th Century after the 2 conflicts,
Portugal wasn't called an Empire and it was more like a nation with overseas territories. They still held lands in Africa and Asia. Decolonization movements began to gain momentum
in the empires of the European powers. The ensuing Cold War also created instabilities
among Portuguese overseas populations. Following the granting of independence to
India by Britain in 1947, and the decision by France to allow its enclaves in India. Requests of the Indian Government were made
to return the enclaves. In 1961, shortly after an uprising against
the Portuguese in Angola, Nehru ordered the Indian Army into Goa, Daman and Diu, which
were quickly captured and formally annexed the following year. After 1961 pan-African pressures grew, and
Portugal found itself mired in a series of colonial wars. The Portuguese Colonial War was fought between
Portugal and the emerging nationalist movements in Portugal's African colonies backed by by
other countries, between 1961 and 1974. The Portuguese regime was overthrown by a
1974, and the change in government brought the conflict to an end .After this The african
colonies gained full independence. East Timor also declared independence in 1975. Portugal signed a declaration with China to
establish the process and conditions for the transfer of Macau, its last remaining colony. The transfer of this last colony in 1999 marked
the end of Portuguese colonialism. -> Thanks so much for watching. Don't forget to SUBSCRIBE to our channel And hit the BELL BUTTON to be notified when a video is uploaded And please tell us in the comments what would you like to see next We are opened to any ideas, and we would love to see your proposals for the next videos.
Culpem aquele merdas que foi ate marrocos quando devia era estar a brincar aos carrinhos em vez de ser rei
Não pensava que ia chorar hoje
At 00:46 and 01:08: "...the LIBERIAN Peninsula..."
Otherwise, great video, thanks for making it!
Aquilo que me ensinaram foi que Portugaç utilizou muito mal a riqueza acumulada ao longo do tempo, principalmente ao nível da renovação da sua frota.
Antero Quental causas da decadência dos povos peninsulares. Algo que devia estar nas escolas portuguesas e espanholas.
Because D. Sebastião was an immature, pompous prick. That's what started the whole process. Turns out kids barely old enough to have a beard but who think they know everything were as obnoxious back then as they are now.
Há, na parte mais ocidental da Ibéria, um povo muito estranho: não se governa nem se deixa governar!
To cross to the other side.
Como assim colapsou?