Why Are 'The Barbarians' So Misunderstood? | Dark Age | Absolute History

this channel is part of the history hits Network [Applause] the word barbarian is a misleading expression and the art that goes with it is misleading too [Music] this picture was painted in 1890 by an arrogant French painter called Joseph Noel Sylvester it shows the sack of Rome in 410 A.D by the Visigoths [Music] were a so-called Barbarian tribe you can't miss them they're the ones without any clothes on it's such nonsense the Visigoths were never naked Savages clambering about Rome destroying civilization they were pioneering Europeans who produced beautiful art and who achieved important things it was actually these so-called barbarians who invented trousers riding a horse was much easier in trousers so if it wasn't for the barbarians we'd all be wearing togas so this is a film about misunderstood peoples and their misunderstood achievements about how we've got the Dark Ages wrong again and about a word whose meaning has been warped by time it's this word here Barbarian [Music] thank you [Music] [Music] the Dark Ages go roughly from the 4th Century to roughly the 11th and I've been looking at the art made in these years trying to convince you that it wasn't dark at all in this film I'll be leaping to the defense of the so-called barbarians [Music] word barbarian actually comes from the ancient Greek its original meaning was someone whose language you can't understand a foreigner you know like we say it all sounds like Greek to me when we can't understand something well the Greeks said it all sounds like so it wasn't on a matapaic word anyone who spoke a funny foreign language was a barbarian the same word Barbara can be found in Sanskrit the ancient language of India where it means gibberish or stammering and if you're actually called Barbara like Barbara Windsor or Barbra Streisand and I'm afraid your name means Barbarian woman and you madam are particularly in touch with your Barbarian self when the Romans took over the word it came to mean anybody anywhere who wasn't a Roman [Music] so the Persians were barbarians the Indians the Chinese the entire non-roman world it isn't just this word barbarian that's been demonized and distorted if you open your dictionary and start looking for words with bad Dark Ages connotations you'll find lots of them take this word here vandal the vandals were actually another fascinating and creative ancient peoples who made things like this but their name's been stolen from them and turned into something dark oh what about the Goths today Goths are oily punks with dyed black hair who worship the devil but in real life in Roman times the Goths were fabulous International creatives who made the most beautiful Bible I've ever seen but the worst of these so-called barbarians these forgotten ancient peoples whose reputation has been Trashed by the Romans the very worst of them were the Huns [Music] if anyone in ancient history deserves some rebranding it's this notorious nation of energetic Invaders no one had a good word to say about them the goth historian jordanis tells us they were scarcely human a stunted puny and faithless tribe Christian writers were even harsher according to a Christian cleric writing in Syria the Huns eat the Flesh of children and drink the blood of women it's like reading a bad airport paperback the Christians were determined to demonize all pagans and they were particularly determined to demonize the hunters so we can't trust the Christian clerics we need to trust the art and that tells a different story foreign [Applause] [Music] in the first World War the British began calling the Germans Huns it was the worst insult they could think of but also very bad geography because the Huns were not from Germany [Music] exactly where they came from is one of the big Mysteries of the Dark Ages nobody knows for sure but it was somewhere out here in the Euro Asian step somewhere far away and different chord of the Huns in Europe dates from around 376 A.D when a group of retreating Goths turned up here on the banks of the Danube and begged the Romans to take them in the fleeing Goths had been pushed out of their lands by a nation of Nomads coming in from the East a fighting tribe of whom everyone was scared Huns were Fierce Warriors there's no denying that but not all the time like all Nomads they lived a precarious traveling existence and moved around in small family groups of men folk women and goats [Music] the default lifestyle of the Huns was a tinkerish Domesticity and Among The Splendid Sonic objects they've Left Behind the defining ones are these battered hunnic cauldrons preserved in the museum in Budapest in these robust vessels the Huns cooked their goats and boiled their water [Music] a man can lift to 50 as an old Kazakh saying that still circulates but a cauldron will lift to a hundred [Music] something else we know about the Huns is that they loved gold oh how the Huns loved gold the hunnic graves that have been dug up the buried caches of treasure and valuables reveal such a deep and instinctive passion for treasure these days we've lost sight of Gold's crazy hypnotic power and that special relationship it enjoys with the Sun the Inc has called it the sweat of the Gods and in the Dark Ages gold was a substance with a magical presence and the Huns loved it in a visceral and unbalanced way in my book that's a good reason to love them back [Music] [Music] because they spent so much of their life on the Move traveling from pasture to pasture the Huns had a particularly creative relationship with the natural world hum treasure is dominated by Exquisite animal forms [Music] in the Hermitage Museum in Saint Petersburg there's a wonderful piece of jewelry it's a golden bit of a bangle or a neck talk like one of these and it's this piece here at the end shaped so atmospherically like the head of a creeping wolf [Music] this is gold that nurses an intense symbolic ambition to commune with the natural world [Music] and steal some of its power [Music] steal the power of the world [Music] another animal that was dear to them was the eagle they probably used Eagles to hunt with as Nomads of the steps still do the great bird in the sky inspired such beautiful hun bling [Music] Eagles have a special significance for the Hun they were ready-made symbols of power and Beauty combined and right across the Barbarian world these Garnet studded Eagle brooches became noticeably popular this powerful new relationship to the natural world was one of the great Barbarian contributions to civilization [Applause] and then of course there was the Magnificent hunnic horse art the hunt depended on their horses totally and they loved them deeply so of course they made sure their horses looked suitably Splendid too foreign these are the remains of a full-length hunnic horse ornament fashioned delicately from gold and studied so generously with precious stones lucky is the horse who got to wear this [Music] the Huns would ride into battle with wolf skins pulled down on their faces screaming demonically in a deliberate effort to get inside their enemies heads now this was dark psychological warfare very sophisticated one of the reasons the Huns were so easy to demonize is because they looked so strange they practiced ritual deformation and their skulls were deliberately misshapen at Birth infant Huns would have their heads tightly bound so they grew into these uncanny and elongated mekon shapes [Music] and on these deformed heads of theirs the Huns would balance spectacular crowns of unimaginable preciousness [Music] so the big question is where did the Huns get their gold there were Nomads not Miners And although they were busy Tradesmen you'd need to trade an awful lot of goat skins for the amount of gold left behind by the Huns they didn't trade for it the Huns got their gold more directly straight from the Romans because their bows were so lethal and their Horsemen so skilled the Huns were soon operating a protection racket across most of the Roman Empire what they do is invade somewhere or threaten to invade somewhere and then demand large quantities of gold to go away again the Romans cowardly diplomats that they were preferred to pay them than to fight them and by the time the hunnic empire was at its largest extent the Huns were receiving two and a half thousand pounds of gold coins from the Romans every year two and a half thousand pounds of gold every year to melt down and turn into art a few tribes of Nomads raging along these Roman borders could never pressurize the Romans into giving up these enormous quantities of gold so we need to forget this image of the Huns as a tribal horde sweeping across Europe because they were something much more sophisticated than that this is a map of the hunnic empire under Attila it's the bits in Orange and just look at the size of it all this was hammock this wasn't a bunch of Nomads on the make this was a rival Empire a new superpower of the Dark Ages turned up to take on the Romans I've kept Attila back because the moment you mention him the story of the Huns takes on a satanic glint all the Huns were demonized by history but Attila was demonized most of all the exciting thing is we actually know a lot about him a Roman Diplomat called priscus was sent on one of these diplomatic missions to negotiate with the Huns and he's left behind a vivid account of his journey and this gentleman here is building a replica of attila's Palace on the actual site on which he thinks it actually stood so yanosh when did you first become interested in Attila I bought this land 20 years ago to breed horses that was when we came across the history of this site the Byzantine Ambassador visited Attila in 450 A.D and describes how he found his way here and he definitely identified this place as the site of attila's Palace [Music] that's why we'd like to erect a memorial to him here by constructing a wooden Palace janos's Palace will be created in Timber exactly as priscus describes it's shaped like a giant nomad's tent a kind of glorified yurt with two wooden Towers rising cockily at the front priscus tells us that when he arrived he was treated to an enormous banquet served on silver plates [Music] and A procession of young women dressed in white veils came out to sing for him [Music] Attila himself was simply dressed and ate nothing but on a wooden platter while the guests were given goblets of gold and silver foreign mean to the Hungarian people because for a lot of people in Europe he has a very bad reputation but not here in Hungary he seems to be thought of more as a hero when people say Attila was a barbarian that's something I reject it's not something I believe he spoke eight Languages by the age of 15 and laid Europe someone unintelligent a barbarian could not have done the things that Attila did only someone blessed with special talents your job did attila's Palace really look like this I very much doubt it but neither do I think janos's fantasy is more misleading than all the other hun fantasies about satanic hordes sweeping through Europe by the time Attila became their ruler the Huns had created a complex political system their huge Empire was actually Federation of many nations a kind of Barbarian EU opposed to the Romans with Goths and burgundians Allens even a few Greeks all linked together and ruled by Attila so I'm here at the historician Museum in Vienna there's something really spectacular I just have to show you when this was dug out of the ground on the Romanian Border in 1799 it was thought to be Attila the Huns personal dinner service you can see why they thought that look at how Splendid this is 23 golden vessels nearly 10 kilos of pure gold thank you today no one thinks this was attila's dinner service the most recent thinking is that it was left behind by the avars one of those mysterious tribes that emerged from the confederation of the Huns they obviously had that special relationship with nature too This Magnificent bull-headed bowl is another example of powerful natural magic channeled in gold this is what the Dark Ages were capable of this is what makes these times so exciting that bull Bowl has a power to it an animal energy that you just don't get later on when art loses this connection to the basic stuff of life [Music] the Empire of the Huns didn't last long for a few decades it rivaled the Romans and then it was gone foreign the glue that held it all together had a taste for young Brides on his final wedding night he drank himself into a stupor took his latest bride to bed and promptly died of a heart attack they found him the next morning with blood streaming down his nose what we'd call these days a rock star's death within a few years attila's Empire was gone torn apart by feuds and incompetence but the Huns had done their job they'd punched a hole in the Invincible reputation of the Romans now all manner of barbarian was queuing up to pour through it when we think of The Barbarians we think of hordes of bellicose Warriors storming across the plains to attack Rome but that's wrong it was more of a migration think of those wagon trains rolling across a brave searching for a new future that's a more accurate image particularly in the case of another great Barbarian nation whose name has been well and truly blackened by Dark Age propaganda the Vandals snake foreign to my shorter Oxford dictionary a vandal is a willful or ignorant destroyer of anything beautiful venerable or worthy of preservation today the story of the vandals is actually rather poignant they were basically a nation of Germanic Farmers living peacefully in Central Europe until the Huns pushed them out for a while they ended up here in Spain until a group of Goths pushed them out of there as well and the poor old vandals had to move on again to hear North Africa [Music] in 429 A.D 80 000 people came across the Straits of Gibraltar crammed onto small boats a kingdom on the Move looking for a Homeland the vandals had arrived in Africa originally this word Vandal meant something like Wanderer someone who's looking for something it comes from the same Germanic route as the English word to wind as in I was winding my way home from work and the vandals were great Wenders and great Wanderers [Music] the Vandal to arrived here in Africa were led by a formidable King called gizerik if you think of the vandals as a lost people and Africa as the Promised Land then geezeric was their Moses leading them across the oceans [Music] they made their way along the North African Coast here attacking cities collecting followers absorbing territory until eventually in 439 A.D they reached their destination Carthage Carthage was the second largest city in the Western Roman Empire busy Rich a crucial trading center [Music] the Romans depended on it for most of the olive oil they burned in their lamps and the wheat from which they made their bread when the vandals took Carthage they shocked the Roman Empire foreign was surprisingly peaceful geyserick was so clever he entered the city on the 19th of October the day of the Roman games sports day now the Romans who are obsessed with sports were far too interested in the gladiatorial combat and The Chariot racing to fight the Vandals [Applause] this Giza Rick and his Vandal Army strolled into the second largest city of the Western Roman Empire took control of it and stayed there for the next century [Music] people used to think the vandals went about destroying and pillaging Carthage as soon as they got here but today we know they didn't the most remarkable thing about the Vandal occupation of Africa is not how much they destroyed but how little later on Angry Romans and Christians writing about these events made sure they blackened the vandals reputation as they did with all the barbarians but the art that remains from these times tells a different story [Music] to Signal their new status as overlords of Rome's most prosperous Province the vandals did what the Nouveau riche always do they spent money on the Arts their Jewelers were commanded to make gorgeous Vandal bling and out in the countryside they built elegant villas for themselves and filled them with superb decorations that's the Julius Mosaic it's one of the masterpieces of the period and Judas himself is sitting there in his white robe he's the man who commissioned the mosaic no one is a hundred percent certain if this was made just before the vandals got here or just after and that's the most telling thing about it this is how rich Romans lived and also Rich Vandals julius's house where this was found is shown in the middle the Posh fortified Villa those domes at the back are the bath houses the equivalent today of a luxury swimming pool All Around The Villa there are busy scenes of Rural Life in North Africa up on the left that's winter see the people picking olives that's what you did in winter on the other side on the right is summer see the Shepherds with their summer flock and those fields of ripe wheat behind them down here a spring and Autumn spring is the season of flowers and there's Mrs Julius in her garden admiring herself in a mirror while a servant brings her a bowl of roses they're beautiful and so is she on the other side it's Autumn and there's Lord Julius himself sitting on a throne in his Orchard while a laborer brings him a basket of grapes and a hair he's caught running about among the vines [Music] this is Mosaic making the highest caliber so imaginative and clever it isn't just a portrait of Julius at his house this is a visualization of the perfect lifestyle a rural dream made real the message here is how glorious life is when man lives in harmony with nature when order prevails and the land is fertile and balanced welcome to the good life in Africa [Music] [Music] instead of knocking down Carthage the vandals set about making it more homely they put small houses in the huge Roman clearings and famously an ambitious new Bath House was built here by the art-loving Vandal King thrasamund bath houses were hugely important in Roman society they were a kind of Social Club where people went to chat and gossip a bit like Modern Health Clubs except much cheaper Roman bath houses had two main spaces a hot room or caldarium that heated you up and a cold room or frigidarium that cooled you down the largest of all Roman bath complexes was here in Carthage the antonine baths built in the second century by the Roman Emperor antoninus Pius these are the ruins so imagine how big the baths must have been long before the vandals conquered Carthage the antonym baths had fallen into disrepair so the Vandal King thrasamund built some new ones we know a lot about thrasman's baths because amazingly a collection of Vandal poems on the subject has survived that's right Vandal poems the vandals were particularly keen on poetry and hundreds of poems written here in Carthage in the Vandal years have survived and this thick body of unexpected literature tells us so much about them a poet called Felix has left behind an evocative description of thrasman's bath house This Magnificent Monument erected by Royal command where water and fire display their obedience [Music] there were no less than five poems by Felix about these great baths and the big idea in all of them is this dramatic contrast between the cool refreshing Springs of the frigidarium and the hot boiling Waters of the calderium [Music] here says Felix I see spring waters exist harmoniously with flames here the Shivering nymph is startled by the fiery bath Felix's poems were actually displayed all around all around as you bathed as mosaics so they surrounded you pushed their way into your thoughts and as you read them you are prompted to Marvel at this great miracle achieved here by thrazamund in the Vandal baths brasamund has achieved the ultimate Harmony thrazamund as United Fire and Water [Applause] [Music] golf goth oh yeah Gothic Barbara's rude uncouth Gothic oh here we are goth one of a Germanic tribe who invaded the Roman Empire in the Lexicon of hate spawned by the Dark Ages a special place is set aside for the Goths the dark ages are full of nasties but the Goths are particularly spooky [Music] if you walk down the street where I live in London in Camden Town you'll find plenty of modern Goths wandering about they're dressed from head to toe in black and covered in satanic Insignia and they're trying so hard to look do me and I just want to give them all a big hug and tell them to cheer up because if they want to be Goths they should be like real goths energetic colorful inventive the kind of people who did that [Applause] [Music] stunning isn't it I love the way the Mosaic Sparkles with all that gold and throws light all around the Dome it's so exciting foreign but there's something peculiar about it too something slightly awkward that's obviously Jesus up there being baptized but why is he so pink and flaccid and not very divine how did Jesus end up like this originally the Goths came from up here the Baltic Coast [Music] there were farmers successful Farmers but when their population exploded they made their way south to the Black Sea searching for better land and better farming conditions when the Goths moved South they came into direct contact with the Roman Empire and their history immediately grew more problematic it would take me several programs to deal with all the twists and turns in the story of the Goths and their migrations but to boil it down to its Essentials when they settled here in the South they found themselves in the way of the Huns coming in from the East so to get away from them the Goths split into now some of them fled across the Danube here and begged the Roman Empire to let them in and they became the busy Goths or Western Goths and they settled initially here in France and finally in Spain but the other ones they stayed put over here and joined the Huns in the hunic Empire and they became the ostrogoths or Eastern goths they're the ones who did this when you think of Barbarians you think instinctively of pagans don't you of Godless and violent people with strange and primitive beliefs Conan the Barbarian is hardly altar boy material is he actually most of the barbarians were Christians even the vandals so were the ostrogoths and the Visigoths all of them were converted to Christianity in the 4th century however the form of Christianity they were converted to was unusual [Laughter] the reason why this Christ looks so unfamiliar and even peculiar is because he's an Aryan Christ and not a Catholic one and Aryan Christianity is different arianism was a Christian heresy a different form of Christianity proposed by a priest called Arius in Alexandria in Egypt in the 4th century from there it spread across the Roman Empire and then Among The Barbarians [Music] the aryan's been that Jesus was different from God he was divine yes but less so the Catholics believed that God and Jesus father and son were equal to different forms of the same great divinity but the Aryans disagreed for them God the father was the one true God he was the god at the top and Jesus his son was below him and that's why the Jesus up here in the baptistry Mosaic looks so wimpish [Music] this is a Jesus who's more like the rest of us less Divine more human perhaps that's why the barbarians preferred him he's less Imperial and more like them this is Ravenna in Northern Italy capital of the ostrogoths right across the Empire Catholics and Aryans distrusted each other as only co-believers can but in Ravenna it was the Aryans who held sway and it was arianism that created this it was a bit like the sunnis and the Shia in Islam same Religion different only in its details but so antagonistic towards each other the ostrogoths were led by a formidable Aryan King called theodoric and it was theodoric who built this theodoreck had been brought up in Constantinople in the court of the Eastern Roman Empire he'd been sent there by his own father as a hostage and educated as a Roman so he was sophisticated and clever [Music] having gained the trust of the Roman Emperor Zeno in Constantinople the oderich persuaded Zeno to let him come to Italy and reconquer it from another Germanic despot called odoakur [Music] theodoreck invited odoakur to a banquet in his honor and there he murdered him with his bare hands also they say and thus theodoric made himself ruler of all Italy based here in Ravenna [Music] under the ostrogoths Ravenna thrived as never before this is the great Basilica of San apolinere the theodoric built early in the 6th century and then filled with this spectacular parade of mosaics [Music] upon the ceiling a baby-faced Aryan Christ performs such a lively set of Miracles raising Lazarus from the dead Conjuring up miraculous fish [Music] so up there is the story of the young Jesus performing his miracles and on the other side over there the other end of the story Christ's terrible death and Resurrection The Last Supper the kiss of Judas below that there's this great golden procession of the 22 virgins bearing Sumptuous crowns lined up to pay homage to the Virgin Mary with Jesus in her lap [Music] on the other side in a kind of Aryan call and response the 26 Martyrs dressed more simply in white and advancing in a mighty procession towards the enthroned Jesus what marvelous religious theater this is what Vivid and exciting mosaics and all you pretend Goths in Camden if you're watching the real Goths made this [Music] unfortunately later on when the Roman Emperor Justinian reconquered Ravenna for the byzantines he set about tampering with what theodoric had done removing what he could of the Aryans so see this portrait here that's actually theodoric but Justinian has taken over his identity and he's pretending to be him this they say is what's left of theodorex Ravenna Palace inside Santa paulinaire as well a great Golden Palace filled once with magnificent ostrogoth Treasures there's a museum in Romania in Bucharest that's bursting with this ostrogoth bling and personally I'd be happy to put on some shades and just stare at it for the next few days but we can't because back in Ravenna the story of the ostrogoths has darkened and grown Eerie when Justinian conquered Ravenna he had all signs of theodoric and the ostrogoths removed and the great Mosaic Palace is now a ghost town with no one in it Aly you can still make out a few of the bodyless ostrogoth hands that remain the ordering left his mark on many art forms but the one that surprises me most is this totally unexpected piece of Dark Age literature the silver Bible is a Gothic gospel book written in Gothic with a Gothic alphabet It Was Written in Northern Italy probably in Ravenna and probably for the gothic the Australia King Theodore the Great in the beginning of of the sixth century [Music] most people imagine that what used to be called The Barbarian tribe such as the goth didn't have a literature but this of course is written in in the gothic language yes and that's very remarkable because we don't know anything about the other Germanic languages but the gothic languages is preserved in this manuscript it's very beautiful to look at it's got these lovely purple pages with with the silver writing on it yes it's uh the Imperial color the purple color and at the other the great he got the permission from the East Roman Emperor to to use these purple color and he behaved and acted like a Roman Emperor foreign who lived to be over 70 deserves to be remembered as one of the great Achievers of the Dark Ages this is where he was buried his mausoleum in Ravenna and I can't think of another building anywhere that looks anything like this what eerie and inventive architecture I love this thing it's so stocky and unusual a unique example of ostrogoth building which seems to have popped out of nowhere and that's just the outside wait till you see the inside [Music] theodoric died in 526 A.D and was buried here in this huge sarcophagus shaped like a Roman bath I find this such a spooky space and it's absolutely unique [Music] that roof is made from a single piece of history and stone it's a meter thick 33 meters wide and weighs 300 tons to get it here from istria which is roughly where Modern Croatia is they had to load it onto an enormous raft and sail it across the Adriatic can you imagine that cross up above that's original too and there used to be silver stars all around it so when you looked up in here it was like looking up at the sky at night there are some exciting stories about theodoric's death some say he went mad after seeing one of his victims inside the head of a fish others say he was thrown from a volcano one thing certain the ostrogoth Empire he created collapsed quickly after his death Justinian reclaimed Ravenna the ostrogoth era was over so that's the end of the ostrogoths but what about the Visigoths or Western Goths the Goths in Spain over here what happened to them you might be thinking and what did they achieve well rather a lot as it happens this is Palencia in Spain and what you're looking at is the oldest surviving Spanish Church built in the 7th Century by the Visigoths [Music] the Visigoths ruled Spain from around 500 A.D to around 700 A.D that's 200 years but you hardly ever hear about them you hear about the Romans in Spain you hear about the Muslims in Spain but you don't hear about the Visigoths [Music] one cruel Wag has christened them the invisi Goths which is very unfair if you hunt around in Spain you'll find plenty of evidence of visigoth achievement like this rustic enunciation carved into an emerald [Music] and sometimes you don't have to look hard at all to see the busy Gods showing off their Dark Age skills like these superb visigoth crowns with the name of the king who commissioned them spelled out helpfully for the heart of remembering aren't they magnificent [Music] those visigoth crowns are not for wearing on your head the they're what's called votive crowns and they are for hanging above an altar in a church like the ostrogoths the Visigoths were originally Aryans but here in Spain they were surrounded by Roman Catholics and quickly adopted the Romantic version of Christianity and that's when they built these exciting and inventive busy goth churches does the church of Saint John the Baptist in Palencia it's been remodeled here and there but most of what you see is visigoth The Story Goes that the visigoth king rechez vinto built this church to thank God for curing him of liver disease he washed himself just out here in the Holy Waters of Palencia and was suddenly cured Richard's vinto was on his way North to fight the Basques so he was particularly grateful for his miraculous cure and even put up a plaque with the date the church was finished January the 3rd 661 A.D [Music] Richard's vinto's plaque is surrounded by typically vigorous bits of visigoth decoration so energetic and busy completely unlike anything the Romans came up with I really like this visigoth church decoration when I look at it I feel as if I can hear the sculptor whistling there's something so boisterous about it something real and untuted it's as if for the first time in art we're hearing from the Common Man foreign this wasn't made by an artiste this was made by a bloke someone with big hands who's speaking to us across the ages the sheer inventiveness of these Visigoths is so invigorating I mean look at these arches they're special right why are they special as they look like one of these I don't know how much you know about arches but if you're any sort of student at all you'll know that horse shoe arches are remarkable your bog standard Arch certainly wasn't shaped like this [Music] before the Visigoths invented these arches were semi-circular they came round like that and that's it but these horseshoe arches they come down to hear and they have a very different effect horseshoe arches look wider area [Music] taller more elegant as if a sail has been unfurled and filled with wind they're more playful too less Stern this is architecture doing more than has been asked of it this isn't just holding something up this is having fun and looking good so the Visigoths invented these elegant horseshoe arches and these were a brilliant Barbarian invention but although the Visigoths invented them they didn't perfect them it was someone else who did that [Music] the perfectors of the Horseshoe Arch are the subject of the next film when we look at the art of Islam in the hands of Islamic artists the Horseshoe Arch would create architecture of spine tingling Beauty it's yet another of the great achievements of the Dark Ages

Channel: Absolute History

Views: 54,734

Keywords: Absolute History, Dark Ages, European invaders, Goths influence, ancient craftsmanship, ancient societies, cultural artifacts, historical interpretations, historical misconceptions, historical misunderstanding, historical mysteries, historical revelations, lost civilizations, misunderstood history, misunderstood tribes, mysterious history, nomadic civilizations, tribal history, tribal influences, untold history

Id: GBF3YWLns4c

Length: 59min 30sec (3570 seconds)

Published: Sun Nov 13 2022