Who's Sorry Now? (Great Military Blunders Documentary) | Timeline

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<font color="#CCCCCC">cinema's didn't show this film</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> in</font> wartime Britain it depicts<font color="#CCCCCC"> the Japanese</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">army on bicycles sending the British</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">into retreat</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> it wasn't the first reverse</font> the British had suffered<font color="#E5E5E5"> since 1939 but</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">it was perhaps the</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> most humiliating</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> it</font> happened because the British commander broke one of the cardinal rules<font color="#E5E5E5"> of</font> warfare<font color="#E5E5E5"> never underestimate your enemy</font> armies<font color="#E5E5E5"> have different ways of under</font> estimating their enemies<font color="#E5E5E5"> they assume</font> they can<font color="#E5E5E5"> out gun them or outmaneuver</font> them<font color="#CCCCCC"> they</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> believe their will to win</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> is</font> stronger but<font color="#CCCCCC"> theirs is the fete Accord</font> but the most<font color="#E5E5E5"> dangerous mistake is</font> unthinking<font color="#E5E5E5"> prejudice content for an</font> enemy<font color="#E5E5E5"> based on who he is and what he</font> looks like<font color="#CCCCCC"> often proves</font> [Music] in the heyday<font color="#CCCCCC"> of empire</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> 12,000 British</font> troops invaded the Zulu<font color="#CCCCCC"> nation</font> the British were anxious<font color="#CCCCCC"> to develop</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">Southern Africa</font> the Zulus were in the way a short<font color="#E5E5E5"> cheap war was the answer</font> at the Battle of Rorke's gripped British bullishness<font color="#E5E5E5"> seemed justified here</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">thousands of Africans were held at bay</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">by a small band of British soldiers who</font> as a result<font color="#E5E5E5"> were immortalized in</font> painting<font color="#CCCCCC"> poetry</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> and film</font> much less is that<font color="#CCCCCC"> of the battle that</font> immediately<font color="#E5E5E5"> preceded it</font> this is<font color="#CCCCCC"> Istanbul Bonner</font> [Music] [Applause] [Music] here on the<font color="#E5E5E5"> 25th of January 1879</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> the</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">unthinkable happened</font> a Zulu army wiped out an entire British force<font color="#CCCCCC"> in a battle</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> the</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> British had always</font> expected<font color="#CCCCCC"> to win the British were not</font> just<font color="#CCCCCC"> out numbered that day they were</font> outsmarted<font color="#CCCCCC"> I think that there's a</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">psychology</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> which pervades the British</font> which resulted<font color="#E5E5E5"> in this catastrophe</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> and</font> it manifests itself<font color="#E5E5E5"> in in a complacency</font> and<font color="#E5E5E5"> an underestimation of</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> the enemy</font> attributing attributing<font color="#E5E5E5"> them was little</font> more than being brave<font color="#E5E5E5"> savage</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> Google the</font> British force under the command of Lord <font color="#E5E5E5">Chancellor</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> a friend of Queen Victoria</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">was heading for a Zulu Commodore</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">chumford decided to set up</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> camp</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> for one</font> night at<font color="#E5E5E5"> the foot of a Sandra Juana</font> so unconcerned<font color="#CCCCCC"> was</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> Chancellor the barber</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">zulus</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> read</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> that he failed to</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> take</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> even</font> the most<font color="#CCCCCC"> elementary precautions</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">Chelmsford failed to increase the camp's</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">he did not dig a peripheral trench</font> around<font color="#E5E5E5"> the borders of</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> that camp</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> now this</font> was<font color="#E5E5E5"> the stipulation in the general order</font> and by not doing<font color="#E5E5E5"> so he effectively</font> disobeyed the standing instruction <font color="#E5E5E5">Chelmsford was to be</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> flayed</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> in history</font> for not influencing<font color="#E5E5E5"> this cap he fails</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> to</font> draw his wagons into<font color="#E5E5E5"> a defensive</font> arrangement<font color="#E5E5E5"> a lager</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> Chelmsford</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> was to be</font> crucified<font color="#E5E5E5"> in history for not blogging</font> [Music] this is a Content<font color="#CCCCCC"> procore</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> to certain</font> arrogance in superior<font color="#E5E5E5"> very professional</font> on<font color="#CCCCCC"> well-trained</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> and how could this</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">possibly have happened against the</font> British in<font color="#CCCCCC"> the campaign such as this</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> is</font> absolutely inexplicable the British soldiers who invaded<font color="#CCCCCC"> Zulu land</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">knew</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> themselves to be the</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> most powerful</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">fighting force in the</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> world</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> the British</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">Army really from top to bottom from Lord</font> Chelmsford<font color="#E5E5E5"> down to the ordinary soldier</font> had an<font color="#E5E5E5"> innate belief in their own</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">superiority they felt</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> that their white</font> skins and they disciplined in their <font color="#CCCCCC">technological superiority</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> actually made</font> them pretty much superior<font color="#E5E5E5"> to</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> anybody of</font> course it was the<font color="#CCCCCC"> reality</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> is over there</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">far by far better I'm</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> doing deserters</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> in</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">any case</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> you might say it's an element</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">of racism but still this is just a bunch</font> of savages<font color="#CCCCCC"> to know</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> perhaps they thought</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">but they should be my builds get in all</font> directions<font color="#E5E5E5"> but</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> they're quite</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> shocked to</font> find<font color="#E5E5E5"> that it wasn't the case</font> the<font color="#E5E5E5"> king of the Zulu nation</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> did</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> not want</font> this war but he was<font color="#E5E5E5"> prepared for it</font> the Zulus had a proud<font color="#E5E5E5"> military tradition</font> the king's army<font color="#E5E5E5"> was taken seriously by</font> those who'd seen it<font color="#E5E5E5"> in action</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> white</font> settlers had<font color="#E5E5E5"> worn</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> chumford of Zulu</font> prowess<font color="#CCCCCC"> their speed and endurance their</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">ability</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> to fight in large numbers</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">skillfully deployed</font> but<font color="#CCCCCC"> chance firs only</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> African experiences</font> had been<font color="#CCCCCC"> in the Eastern Cape where his</font> enemy<font color="#E5E5E5"> had used hit-and-run guerrilla</font> tactics<font color="#E5E5E5"> he was convinced the Zulus would</font> want to fight in the same way that he would<font color="#E5E5E5"> have</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> to force them out</font> never thinking that<font color="#E5E5E5"> the</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> zulus might want</font> to<font color="#E5E5E5"> face</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> him</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">John flirt sent out a patrol</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> to find</font> them yeah we<font color="#CCCCCC"> actually see the</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> Zulu army using</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">tactics which today that very day we use</font> in battle<font color="#E5E5E5"> they put in a masking movement</font> this guard saw this<font color="#E5E5E5"> puny little patrol</font> approaching the vanguard of the Zulu army what do they do<font color="#E5E5E5"> they sent out</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> Scout</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">to</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> access</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> bait and invited us</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> patrol to</font> fire a few<font color="#E5E5E5"> fleeting shots at them before</font> disappearing<font color="#E5E5E5"> into the long grass the</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">poem</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> is reputed to have said that</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> the</font> general who makes the fewest mistakes wins the battle Zulu generals undoubtedly made the fewest mistakes<font color="#E5E5E5"> if one starts</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> to tell</font> you those two British and finds a<font color="#E5E5E5"> very</font> considerable<font color="#E5E5E5"> list at</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> 1:30 that night</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">Jung</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> had heard that his</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> patrol had</font> encountered the Zulus he gave orders<font color="#CCCCCC"> for</font> half his force<font color="#E5E5E5"> to prepare to leave the</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">camp at 4:30</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> Chun had led his men out to</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">join up with the</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> patrol chums Berg was</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">leading the camp at half strength and</font> taking his<font color="#E5E5E5"> forces in the wrong direction</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">the Zulu decoy</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> had worked there the</font> picnic attitude towards the whole thing and I<font color="#CCCCCC"> think that is very traumatized by</font> the fact that sir<font color="#E5E5E5"> not chumps for a</font> chance for himself<font color="#CCCCCC"> had breakfast that</font> morning<font color="#E5E5E5"> I mean with all the silver</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> and</font> things<font color="#CCCCCC"> that shows the the disdain</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">clearly</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> there is an element of disdain</font> in the attitude the day of the battle began with<font color="#CCCCCC"> chums but miles away chumford</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">left</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> Lieutenant Colonel Henry poulain</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> in</font> command of the camp palain was essentially a military bureaucrat he had never heard a shot fired in anger <font color="#E5E5E5">hindi playing within his tent which is</font> next<font color="#E5E5E5"> to</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> Chelmsford stead</font> at this moment<font color="#CCCCCC"> a picket a</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> lookout comes</font> in from that<font color="#E5E5E5"> Ridgeline</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> on the</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> skyline</font> with rather a startling message he salutes<font color="#CCCCCC"> Perlane</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> and he says Colonel</font> plane there are thousands of Zulus on the top of that<font color="#E5E5E5"> platter</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> and</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> they're</font> apparently advancing towards the<font color="#E5E5E5"> left</font> front of the<font color="#CCCCCC"> santillana camp and</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> palain</font> walked across<font color="#CCCCCC"> to where the</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> men were</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">having their breakfast and he ordered</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">them to leave their breakfast and they</font> were told to form up<font color="#E5E5E5"> in a skirmishing</font> line<font color="#E5E5E5"> to face the threat the soldiers</font> grumbled at having to<font color="#E5E5E5"> interrupt their</font> breakfast neither they nor their officers seemed concerned [Music] one of the officers<font color="#CCCCCC"> he survived worked</font> home afterwards well we had seen equally large bodies of<font color="#E5E5E5"> men on the Cape frontier</font> and<font color="#E5E5E5"> we were not alarmed in the least</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> so</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">we never dreamed for</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> a moment that</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> the</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">Zulus would come on and attack us</font> they should have been worried very worried the main<font color="#CCCCCC"> zulu</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> army 25,000 strong was</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">camped</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> just four miles</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> away</font> once<font color="#E5E5E5"> again an absolute brilliant fashion</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">the</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> duties</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> managed to affect the</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">ultimate in</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> surprise there was</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> behind</font> this plateaus<font color="#CCCCCC"> of the messed</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> Sulu</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> Army</font> lay hidden<font color="#E5E5E5"> and some sources</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> reckoned</font> perhaps as many as a number of days before<font color="#E5E5E5"> the back of this and runner went</font> down the<font color="#CCCCCC"> Zuna may not Army was already</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">hidden there at 11:30</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> the British patrol</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">headed up to</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> the plateau</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> they were about</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">to get the shock of their</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> lives</font> one feels once<font color="#E5E5E5"> heckles rides with these</font> men say dear God<font color="#CCCCCC"> suddenly we had to rein</font> in our horses<font color="#CCCCCC"> to prevent our</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> horses from</font> falling into<font color="#E5E5E5"> a huge</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> valley and they</font> gazed aghast at what<font color="#E5E5E5"> was in this valley</font> below and beyond them stretching<font color="#E5E5E5"> off</font> along<font color="#E5E5E5"> the course of that Ingrid ministry</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">off in an easterly</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> direction as far as</font> the eye could see<font color="#E5E5E5"> packed in a squatting</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">an absolute silence upon their</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> great war</font> shield<font color="#CCCCCC"> regimented by</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> discipline</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> regimen</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">with the</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> Zulus of the main sinew honey</font> what a moment<font color="#E5E5E5"> that</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> must have be when the</font> British patrols<font color="#E5E5E5"> or the Zulu army out of</font> desperation of<font color="#CCCCCC"> stupidity</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> the 30 men</font> fired on the 25,000<font color="#CCCCCC"> suitors</font> the Zulu response was immediate<font color="#CCCCCC"> and</font> killing regiment by<font color="#CCCCCC"> regiment the whole</font> army began to move the<font color="#CCCCCC"> patrols led back</font> towards the camp with one flank of<font color="#CCCCCC"> the</font> Zulu<font color="#E5E5E5"> army giving full</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> chase the news</font> soon<font color="#CCCCCC"> weak and we blame blames attitude</font> in this<font color="#CCCCCC"> moment was I have got</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> 1774 men</font> of these men a thousand of veteran soldiers<font color="#E5E5E5"> equipped with modern reach</font> loading lever action martini-henry rifle these rifles can<font color="#E5E5E5"> deliver 12 rounds per</font> man per minute<font color="#E5E5E5"> they can fire accurately</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">a 600</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> grain slug of lead accurately at</font> ranges up to<font color="#CCCCCC"> 800 yards I put it to you</font> that<font color="#CCCCCC"> Poland's</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> attitude in this</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> tent is</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">roll on</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> Zulu roll on and will</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> sums up</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">lighters in</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> the</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> open</font> you [Music] the British soldiers began their well-rehearsed<font color="#E5E5E5"> procedures but the Zulus</font> had more surprises<font color="#CCCCCC"> in store at</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> 12:40 one</font> of the men suddenly glanced away<font color="#CCCCCC"> from</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">the Zulu attack the traditional Zulu</font> tactic known as the horns of the<font color="#CCCCCC"> buffalo</font> was moving inexorably into position<font color="#E5E5E5"> the</font> second flank of the<font color="#E5E5E5"> Zulu army had</font> appeared India was rule<font color="#CCCCCC"> Jagadamba would be</font> important to<font color="#E5E5E5"> this risk by this route a</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">Ile de caña it is ultra fubá Sai Baba</font> Amr bootiful Mata mammogram<font color="#CCCCCC"> - mud pimple</font> dog LS soon the<font color="#E5E5E5"> horns of the Buffalo and</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">the chest were firmly established the</font> next stage as the<font color="#CCCCCC"> horns close is called</font> eating<font color="#CCCCCC"> the enemy</font> [Music] <font color="#E5E5E5">Zulu tactics require them</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> to charge</font> right into<font color="#E5E5E5"> the math fire path of the</font> British Army the casualty rate<font color="#E5E5E5"> was enormous</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> but still</font> they kept coming another factor<font color="#E5E5E5"> for coming to play on the</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">Zulu side motivation</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> everybody knew that</font> this was a foreign army coming<font color="#E5E5E5"> into Zulu</font> territory<font color="#E5E5E5"> this was somebody who had</font> broken the doors down of the house and had invaded<font color="#CCCCCC"> that was</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> realized by the men</font> before<font color="#CCCCCC"> who fought this war</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> and who had</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">to run across this valley to get close</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">enough to those guns to kill the</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> people</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">firing them call it a charge if</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> you will</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">can you imagine charging that</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> system</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">across this valley into the</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> PIA turned</font> into<font color="#CCCCCC"> rifle fire rank</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> volley firing very</font> difficult thing to do<font color="#E5E5E5"> this was chasing</font> the burglars<font color="#E5E5E5"> out but then the Zulu</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">advance faltered</font> the martini-henry rifles were having the desired effect<font color="#CCCCCC"> they're certainly a</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> point</font> fairly<font color="#E5E5E5"> early in the battle when</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> the</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">British</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> seem to be winning the men seem</font> to<font color="#E5E5E5"> be in good spirits</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> they were laughing</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">and</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> joking and</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> convinced they were</font> giving the blacks an awful hammering and there's very<font color="#E5E5E5"> much a feeling again that</font> this battle<font color="#E5E5E5"> is going to go the way</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> that</font> the British wanted to go the Zulus were pinned down<font color="#E5E5E5"> unable to</font> move forward hiding in<font color="#CCCCCC"> the long grass then from the</font> ridge<font color="#E5E5E5"> an old Zulu chief strode onto the</font> battlefield in front of the<font color="#CCCCCC"> crowds</font> warriors and screamed them to move forward<font color="#E5E5E5"> your</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> King never ordered you to</font> lie down<font color="#E5E5E5"> he ordered you to fight way</font> economy cosine wave avuncular<font color="#CCCCCC"> baba Oh</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">what</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> my</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> Z is even Donella phenomena</font> Ganesha exactly<font color="#CCCCCC"> but we</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> were we print</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> out</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">our atomizer man</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> Aparna why why tones</font> would<font color="#CCCCCC"> hang gaining upon odd</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> in the</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">rubric or</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> Tabata a pair is a problem</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">posed</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> honestly of a fella called</font> the Zulus move forward the horns<font color="#E5E5E5"> closed</font> faced with the full<font color="#E5E5E5"> weight</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> of</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> the</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> zulu</font> force<font color="#E5E5E5"> the</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> british line broke</font> there are stories of<font color="#E5E5E5"> men running out</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> of</font> ammunition<font color="#CCCCCC"> stories of guns jamming</font> stories of naked contingents running away [Music] but as the<font color="#E5E5E5"> zulus</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> advance the</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> British</font> mine broke seeing why of the<font color="#CCCCCC"> doodle general</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> from</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">the vantage</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> point up on the ridge</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">watched his fine work</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> this</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> was his</font> finest hour<font color="#CCCCCC"> this</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> was an enormous battle</font> this battle<font color="#E5E5E5"> had its moment when it might</font> even have<font color="#CCCCCC"> been a</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> British victory</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> but</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> all</font> those<font color="#E5E5E5"> things</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> that</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> make good</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> Sadri</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> came</font> into play good tactics<font color="#E5E5E5"> good men use of</font> the ground<font color="#E5E5E5"> mobility communication</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> and</font> the British were<font color="#E5E5E5"> sort on many of those</font> and the<font color="#CCCCCC"> Zulus were long on many of those</font> and the Zulus carried the day<font color="#CCCCCC"> I</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> am</font> convinced that<font color="#E5E5E5"> we have to appraise this</font> battle accordingly we have<font color="#CCCCCC"> to stop</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">looking at as a British defeat and</font> disaster overwhelming numbers<font color="#E5E5E5"> of of of</font> savages coming over the hills darkening the<font color="#E5E5E5"> azure skies with clouds of a so guys</font> go and<font color="#E5E5E5"> read the poetry of this period</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">forget</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> it</font> these were brave<font color="#CCCCCC"> intelligent human</font> beings and intelligent command executing brilliantly<font color="#E5E5E5"> issued commands</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> brilliantly</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">and they carried it off in two hours</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> all</font> over one<font color="#E5E5E5"> British</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> Army</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> finished</font> [Music] the ordinary soldiers had no chance<font color="#E5E5E5"> they</font> were outnumbered and outmaneuvered<font color="#CCCCCC"> in</font> groups<font color="#E5E5E5"> and alone they fell</font> [Music] when reports of shooting being heard in the camp<font color="#CCCCCC"> reached Lord Chelmsford they</font> were<font color="#CCCCCC"> airily dismissed</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> our amazing said</font> one<font color="#CCCCCC"> of his officers and then in the</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">final moments of the battle</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> the skies</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">darkened</font> there was an<font color="#E5E5E5"> eclipse</font> several<font color="#E5E5E5"> hours later</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> Chelmsford returned</font> he found mostly bodies to greet him<font color="#CCCCCC"> 1300</font> of<font color="#E5E5E5"> his men had been</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> killed most of</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> the</font> men who fought<font color="#CCCCCC"> this battle</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> were in fact</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">trapped trapped by the idiocy</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> and the</font> arrogance of their<font color="#E5E5E5"> officers unable to go</font> anywhere else<font color="#CCCCCC"> and were caught isolated</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">without horses</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> to</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> get away like</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> so many</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">of the</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> officers and we're sorted here</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">that's something that's forgotten if</font> somehow this a devoted band against this <font color="#E5E5E5">mountain</font> I think much more<font color="#E5E5E5"> tragic</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> than that</font> [Music] <font color="#CCCCCC">Jones woods failure to recognize the</font> ability of<font color="#E5E5E5"> his enemy that cost his men</font> dearly <font color="#E5E5E5">it's something that plagues</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> the European</font> armies<font color="#E5E5E5"> for a very long time indeed and</font> it is a really great mistake<font color="#E5E5E5"> because</font> what those people<font color="#CCCCCC"> who think that way</font> don't understand<font color="#CCCCCC"> is it</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> doesn't actually</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">matter where you come from or what color</font> you are<font color="#E5E5E5"> what actually</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> matters is how</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">well-trained you are and how well led</font> you are that's all that matters in Britain<font color="#CCCCCC"> is sandal</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> wanna was seen as an</font> aberration<font color="#CCCCCC"> no lesson was learned even in</font> the<font color="#E5E5E5"> next century British armies and</font> British officers were still paying the price for<font color="#E5E5E5"> under estimating their enemies</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">in 1942 General Arthur Percival was</font> about to oversee one of the<font color="#E5E5E5"> greatest</font> British<font color="#E5E5E5"> defeats of modern times</font> Percival misled himself about<font color="#CCCCCC"> the</font> strength and intentions<font color="#E5E5E5"> of his enemy and</font> in doing so took away his men's will to fight before<font color="#E5E5E5"> the war Singapore was</font> Britain stronghold in the Far East in <font color="#E5E5E5">the 30s Britain had turned the island</font> into<font color="#E5E5E5"> a giant fortress a huge naval base</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">defended by enormous guns pointing in</font> the direction from which<font color="#CCCCCC"> everyone</font> assumed the enemy would come<font color="#E5E5E5"> the sea</font> well you know all<font color="#CCCCCC"> along</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> we were told</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">Singapore would never fall it's a</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> pride</font> British Empire<font color="#E5E5E5"> you know there you have</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">all the big guns you know facing the sea</font> and if an image was to come from the sea <font color="#E5E5E5">were left no chance no chance</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> against</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">uniformed</font> based on<font color="#CCCCCC"> Singapore's</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> but never for such</font> a strong<font color="#E5E5E5"> fortress British confidence</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">reign supreme</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> they even knew who the</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">enemy would be but saw no real threat</font> the Japanese were regarded as little<font color="#CCCCCC"> man</font> with<font color="#CCCCCC"> short-sighted</font> scared<font color="#E5E5E5"> of heights</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> inability to control</font> machinery<font color="#CCCCCC"> people who bought very</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> poor</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">bits of machinery in</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> wisdom which</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> was</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">course all</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> psychological nonsense and</font> they believed<font color="#CCCCCC"> that</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> all Japan's invasion</font> of China in<font color="#CCCCCC"> 1937 should have been a</font> warning<font color="#E5E5E5"> but the belief in British</font> superiority persisted they know<font color="#E5E5E5"> from</font> observers watching<font color="#CCCCCC"> the Japanese in the</font> war in China<font color="#E5E5E5"> they're very hardly frugal</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">soldiers who may be</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> ok behave</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> in a very</font> brutal way but they were highly efficient as well<font color="#E5E5E5"> but like so often</font> happens<font color="#E5E5E5"> and I can quote other examples</font> people<font color="#E5E5E5"> look at the</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> intelligence and</font> don't actually believe what they're seeing<font color="#CCCCCC"> because it doesn't suit</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> them</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> and</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">again this</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> comes back</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> to</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> those</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> of under</font> estimating the enemy it's<font color="#E5E5E5"> often assumed</font> that<font color="#E5E5E5"> the Japanese invasion tactics</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> took</font> the<font color="#E5E5E5"> British completely by surprise it's</font> certainly true that<font color="#E5E5E5"> all those</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> seaward</font> pointing guns turned out to be pointing the<font color="#E5E5E5"> wrong way but in fact it had been</font> known for<font color="#E5E5E5"> years</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> that plans for the</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">defense of Singapore were hopelessly</font> wrong [Music] for most of<font color="#E5E5E5"> its</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> history</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> it had been</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">impossible for an invader to approach</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">Singapore except by sea to</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> the north was</font> Malaya<font color="#CCCCCC"> a country covered by impenetrable</font> jungle<font color="#E5E5E5"> forming a</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> natural defensive</font> barrier to the island but Malaya had developed as a major supplier<font color="#CCCCCC"> of the</font> world's rather now roads crisscrossed the<font color="#E5E5E5"> forests providing access of</font> businessman<font color="#E5E5E5"> traders and invaders road</font> networks were built the railway<font color="#E5E5E5"> was</font> expanded jungle was cleared for rubber plantation<font color="#E5E5E5"> and by the middle to</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> late</font> 1930s it did become<font color="#E5E5E5"> possible</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> to think</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> of</font> an invader moving through Malaya<font color="#E5E5E5"> down</font> towards Singapore in 1937<font color="#E5E5E5"> the British</font> even commissioned the report<font color="#E5E5E5"> that</font> predicted<font color="#CCCCCC"> exactly how the Japanese would</font> invade but the government reluctant to spend<font color="#E5E5E5"> money</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> still</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> convinced the Japanese</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">posed no threat</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">if nothing</font> Lieutenant General<font color="#E5E5E5"> Arthur Percival was</font> the army commander in Singapore<font color="#E5E5E5"> he had</font> been a staff<font color="#CCCCCC"> officer in the 30s and had</font> played a<font color="#CCCCCC"> major part</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> in writing the 1937</font> report but<font color="#E5E5E5"> he believed he could do</font> nothing<font color="#CCCCCC"> to</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> force the</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> government to</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> act</font> you would<font color="#E5E5E5"> have thought that personal</font> would have immediately<font color="#E5E5E5"> started to kick</font> up a<font color="#CCCCCC"> tremendous fuss about how he</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">couldn't hope</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> to defend Malaya and</font> Singapore<font color="#CCCCCC"> with such an under strength</font> army but Percival was the only<font color="#E5E5E5"> term I</font> can<font color="#CCCCCC"> use a true company man and</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> he'd</font> tried to do what he thought was<font color="#CCCCCC"> the</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> best</font> he could with what he had<font color="#CCCCCC"> I think</font> Percival was too weak as a leader<font color="#E5E5E5"> he'd</font> been a very brave battalion commander in the First<font color="#E5E5E5"> World War but that I think was</font> about<font color="#E5E5E5"> his level</font> he was<font color="#E5E5E5"> also actually quite intolerant</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> he</font> was<font color="#E5E5E5"> intolerant of some of the people</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> he</font> commanded<font color="#E5E5E5"> but</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> heading into Staff</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> College</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">he was in a way a sort of mixture of a</font> military snob<font color="#CCCCCC"> and</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> a guy who actually is</font> a bit weak<font color="#E5E5E5"> when it comes to</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> morale</font> things [Music] <font color="#CCCCCC">brigadiere Simpson</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> the chief engineer</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">urged pleaded begged personal to go</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">ahead with a program fortifications and</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">sixty centers on both</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> occasions</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">Percival either rejected outright or</font> hesitated fatally<font color="#E5E5E5"> on the grounds that</font> building<font color="#CCCCCC"> defenses would be bad for</font> morale<font color="#E5E5E5"> and it might encourage in the</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">troops</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> a kind of sit</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> on your butt in the</font> trench and<font color="#E5E5E5"> do not go out and fight the</font> enemy mentality<font color="#E5E5E5"> there was simply no</font> meeting<font color="#E5E5E5"> of the minds between Simpson and</font> first of<font color="#E5E5E5"> all and this turned out to</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> be</font> tragic because Simpson got<font color="#E5E5E5"> it exactly</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">right</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> I think you've got to be</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> honest</font> with your troops and say this is the threat<font color="#E5E5E5"> and this is how we're going to go</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">about beating them because if you depth</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">if you down today and then these people</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">turn</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> out to be exceedingly efficient and</font> exceedingly dangerous and formidable <font color="#CCCCCC">effect on the morale earn troops home</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">intervals and these guys on the problem</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">and</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> suddenly they</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> are is pretty</font> shattering on the 8th of December 1941 <font color="#E5E5E5">in the early</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> hours of the morning the</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">Japanese launched their invasion</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">everything goes right for the Japanese</font> everything goes wrong<font color="#E5E5E5"> for the British</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">and the key to it for both is speed</font> the Japanese destroy all the basic defense plans for Malaya in<font color="#E5E5E5"> four</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> days in</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">a hundred hours</font> 200 miles away in Singapore amazingly there was little alarm all the lights are on in Singapore old guns<font color="#E5E5E5"> really</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">doesn't say the code on my Christmas was</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">the best Christmas forever by then</font> they've got these silhouettes of<font color="#E5E5E5"> German</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">soldiers so all the shooting stars older</font> them and<font color="#E5E5E5"> while though I dropped in</font> Malaya<font color="#E5E5E5"> refusing for the</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> lies with me</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">shooting</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> Pathan was on Singapore social</font> life was going<font color="#E5E5E5"> on as the Japanese were</font> advancing down the peninsula<font color="#CCCCCC"> parties</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">were still being held in the raffles</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">hotel where</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> the masses were full</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> was a</font> kind of blind belief that the Japanese were going to be somehow easily turned back at some<font color="#CCCCCC"> point down the Malayan</font> financial and that they<font color="#E5E5E5"> really wouldn't</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">have to worry in</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> Singapore but</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> Churchill</font> was worried he sent<font color="#E5E5E5"> our two battleships</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">the Prince</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> of Wales under repulse but</font> within days<font color="#CCCCCC"> of their arrival</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> the</font> Japanese had sunk both of them the Air Force was practically decimated<font color="#E5E5E5"> and the</font> entire<font color="#CCCCCC"> Defence</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> Force on the run</font> general<font color="#E5E5E5"> Wavell the new commander of the</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">Pacific chose this moment</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> to visit</font> possible<font color="#E5E5E5"> general Wavell put to him</font> directly and bluntly the question why haven't you done anything<font color="#E5E5E5"> about this and</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">Percival replied I was afraid this would</font> suggest to the<font color="#E5E5E5"> civilians that</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> we</font> wouldn't<font color="#E5E5E5"> be able to hold out</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> upcountry</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">it would be bad for their morale</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> Wavell</font> and you can understand his frustration <font color="#E5E5E5">said acidly it's going to be a hell of a</font> lot worse<font color="#CCCCCC"> for their morale when Japanese</font> troops start pouring across<font color="#E5E5E5"> the causeway</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">and along an undefended coast</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> as the</font> Japanese neared the island<font color="#E5E5E5"> the bombing</font> raids<font color="#E5E5E5"> intensified finally the dances of</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">the</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> raffles</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> hotel came to an end a great</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">poll</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> of black smoke hangs over the</font> island<font color="#CCCCCC"> bodies are lying in the streets</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">the hospitals are overrun with injured</font> from the bombings and also from<font color="#E5E5E5"> the from</font> the fighting<font color="#E5E5E5"> in the north</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">the Japanese then start dropping</font> incendiary bombs<font color="#CCCCCC"> one of them hits an</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">Indian hospital</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> 700</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> people</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> burnt to</font> death in<font color="#E5E5E5"> that hospital</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> and it gets</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">really beyond all control</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> months the</font> water gives out<font color="#E5E5E5"> Percival's</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> wilted to</font> stand and fight<font color="#E5E5E5"> has simply been</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> no</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">cripple</font> [Music] <font color="#CCCCCC">Parsifal ordered his troops back</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> off the</font> causeway<font color="#CCCCCC"> onto the</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> island to sit and wait</font> for<font color="#CCCCCC"> the</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> Japanese to arrive</font> what happened here in Singapore was for the British Empire<font color="#CCCCCC"> and its armies</font> nothing<font color="#CCCCCC"> knew</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> they'd seen</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> it before</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> it</font> had<font color="#CCCCCC"> happened at Bunker Hill</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> in Boston</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> it</font> had happened<font color="#CCCCCC"> at by sanjuana in southern</font> Africa<font color="#E5E5E5"> British</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> Empire armies</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> paid a</font> terrible price for<font color="#CCCCCC"> not taking seriously</font> enough<font color="#E5E5E5"> an enemy which didn't look like</font> them<font color="#E5E5E5"> dressed like them act like them</font> fight<font color="#CCCCCC"> like them the disaster that</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> began</font> at Bunker Hill<font color="#E5E5E5"> marked the end of</font> Britain's first<font color="#E5E5E5"> Empire the disaster that</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">reached its climax here in Singapore in</font> the long<font color="#E5E5E5"> run marked the end of its last</font> [Music] as the Japanese<font color="#E5E5E5"> pounded the island</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">British morale plummeted furious of the</font> lack of<font color="#CCCCCC"> defense</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> operations many</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> soldiers</font> had lost the will to<font color="#E5E5E5"> fight by the time</font> the<font color="#E5E5E5"> Japanese set foot on Singapore</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">Percival had effectively beaten his own</font> army Percival's<font color="#E5E5E5"> army literally</font> disintegrated<font color="#E5E5E5"> than his hands as the</font> troops concluded having been disappointed<font color="#E5E5E5"> time and</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> again that</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> their</font> higher<font color="#E5E5E5"> commanders simply did not</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> know</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">what they were doing we're not</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> giving</font> them any chance to put up any<font color="#E5E5E5"> sort of a</font> meaningful flight and took<font color="#E5E5E5"> matters into</font> their own hands many<font color="#CCCCCC"> soldiers</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> tried to get on the last</font> ships as they<font color="#E5E5E5"> left</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> there were even</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">stories of women and children</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> pushed out</font> of<font color="#E5E5E5"> the way by deserters others simply</font> drifted<font color="#E5E5E5"> into</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> the docks area</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> looted got</font> drunk<font color="#E5E5E5"> and refused to return to the line</font> of fire<font color="#CCCCCC"> I doubt</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> that Percival had more</font> than 60% of<font color="#E5E5E5"> his army in line under</font> orders ready<font color="#E5E5E5"> to fight on the day he</font> finally<font color="#CCCCCC"> surrendered</font> general Yamashita<font color="#CCCCCC"> set up his</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">headquarters</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> in the Ford Motor Factory</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">he instructed Percival to meet him and</font> bring a white flag <font color="#CCCCCC">Percival's signed away British influence</font> in the<font color="#E5E5E5"> Far East</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> and committed himself</font> and his men to Japanese prison camps <font color="#E5E5E5">Perceval survived imprisonment but many</font> never returned those who fought and those who gave up were all<font color="#E5E5E5"> treated the same they had all</font> lost in the annals of military blunders<font color="#E5E5E5"> fatal</font> overconfidence was never confined to the <font color="#E5E5E5">British other armies founded just</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> as</font> hard<font color="#E5E5E5"> to learn the lessons</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> that resulted</font> from under estimating<font color="#E5E5E5"> your enemy and</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">after</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> World War</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> 2</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> that sense of</font> superiority<font color="#E5E5E5"> was bolstered by huge</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">technological advances in</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> military</font> hardware<font color="#E5E5E5"> Western armies often</font> underestimate their opponents there is very often a<font color="#CCCCCC"> tendency to believe in</font> technology<font color="#CCCCCC"> that technology is</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> the arms</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">that technology is the panacea it</font> enables you to hold the enemy at arm's length to<font color="#E5E5E5"> punish him without him being able to</font> punish<font color="#E5E5E5"> you and an over reliance on</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">technology on</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> firepower on</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> airpower</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> on</font> modern logistics<font color="#E5E5E5"> often lies at the heart</font> of a Western armies defeat by an outside army by what Kipling<font color="#E5E5E5"> would have called</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">lesser bleeds without the law</font> this is the army<font color="#CCCCCC"> that took on the</font> greatest superpower in the<font color="#CCCCCC"> world and</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">refused to</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> be</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> beaten this</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> is the army</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">that throughout</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> its colonizers</font> this is the army of Vietnam this is the French army but thought<font color="#CCCCCC"> it</font> could beat them and this is the garrison they thought would protect<font color="#E5E5E5"> them</font> this is the fortress<font color="#E5E5E5"> of</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> d-m d-m food and</font> this is the battle the French<font color="#E5E5E5"> lost the</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">Vietnamese victory at</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> dn bein Phu would</font> bring down the French government and<font color="#E5E5E5"> the</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">colonization of Vietnam and sow the</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">seeds of war with America but in 1953</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">the French was still confident they knew</font> their days<font color="#CCCCCC"> in Vietnam</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> were numbered but</font> did<font color="#E5E5E5"> not want to leave the</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> country</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> to the</font> Communists<font color="#E5E5E5"> the Indian food with the</font> answer [Music] a<font color="#CCCCCC"> seven-mile air Armada began</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> the</font> process<font color="#CCCCCC"> 2,000 French paratroopers landed</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">200 miles behind</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> enemy lines they were</font> going to fortify<font color="#E5E5E5"> a series</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> of hills</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">around</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> a runway</font> the man behind the plan<font color="#E5E5E5"> general on</font> reason gem<font color="#E5E5E5"> Navarre was building a</font> massive base<font color="#E5E5E5"> right in the heart of enemy</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">territory</font> from here<font color="#E5E5E5"> Lavar intended either to hunt</font> out the enemy or draw them<font color="#E5E5E5"> on two</font> massive<font color="#E5E5E5"> French fire fire constantly</font> resupplied by<font color="#CCCCCC"> a</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> yo-yo</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> Sabu Pranava or</font> disaster Jacques Indian food<font color="#CCCCCC"> office</font> Montaigne<font color="#E5E5E5"> one or two on our take</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> on</font> daesh<font color="#E5E5E5"> Olivia took a solid figure I see</font> that<font color="#E5E5E5"> against that</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> one</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> the tower</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> most</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">people would Allah Pranava actually live</font> yet they did it's really what I don't forget be inferred it was he the<font color="#CCCCCC"> far</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">appointed the aristocratic Colonel</font> Christian<font color="#CCCCCC"> Marie Verdun</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> all the Lacroix</font> the country<font color="#E5E5E5"> as head of the garrison</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">country is reputed once to have said to</font> make life sweet<font color="#CCCCCC"> a man</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> needs a horse to</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">ride an enemy to kill and a woman to</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> bed</font> [Music] his opponents<font color="#CCCCCC"> took a more austere</font> approach to warfare<font color="#E5E5E5"> 8,000 Vietnamese</font> communists<font color="#E5E5E5"> died at TN Bien Phu</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> as it is</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">and Awana</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> their motivation was</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> to make</font> all the difference regarding women <font color="#E5E5E5">captain having harmful</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> new rank Akuma</font> who gotcha<font color="#E5E5E5"> Johnny</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> ninamarie</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> na na Roy</font> Makaay<font color="#CCCCCC"> takishi report negative</font> [Music] neva<font color="#CCCCCC"> had chosen a heart-shaped valley in</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">the remote northwest of the country as</font> the setting for<font color="#CCCCCC"> the showdown each of the</font> fortified<font color="#CCCCCC"> hills was given a girl's name</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">le Anne Dominique</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> Gabrielle under if</font> they<font color="#CCCCCC"> are tres</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">it was rumored they were named after de</font> Castries mistresses [Music] in the dying days of<font color="#CCCCCC"> Empire</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> the French</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">believed they held all the military</font> advantages they had the guns and the <font color="#E5E5E5">plane the Vietnamese did not</font> [Music] this is the man who would defeat the <font color="#CCCCCC">French General von</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> yenge</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> at he had to</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">get his forces to dien bien phu and</font> support them he set about planning one of the greatest logistical feats<font color="#E5E5E5"> in</font> military history <font color="#CCCCCC">I think the French II didn't believe</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">that</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> yet would be</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> able</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> to bring guns and</font> ammunition<font color="#CCCCCC"> all the way that he had to do</font> in order<font color="#CCCCCC"> to the siege it and eventually</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">destroy it</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">yeah had quite clearly a soft out where</font> the French weakness lay and I think he was<font color="#CCCCCC"> a</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> very great general and</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> he out</font> general the French<font color="#E5E5E5"> Jeff was well aware</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">the French thought the Vietnamese were</font> powerless<font color="#E5E5E5"> to stop them he knew they were</font> wrong the<font color="#CCCCCC"> navarre plan relied on the ability</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">of</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> the French to add gun and our supply</font> the Vietnamese the French<font color="#E5E5E5"> hoped that by</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">getting</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> Jap out into the open they could</font> bring overwhelming force to bear and destroy him utterly<font color="#E5E5E5"> and of course</font> actually<font color="#E5E5E5"> when they did get him out there</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">he destroyed them utterly</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> because he was</font> able<font color="#E5E5E5"> to support</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> his army they were not</font> thousands and thousands<font color="#E5E5E5"> of Vietnamese</font> villages were set to work<font color="#E5E5E5"> job had</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> to</font> move his applied some<font color="#E5E5E5"> 400 miles to get</font> the<font color="#CCCCCC"> D&B and food he would do it by foot</font> and by bicycle<font color="#E5E5E5"> amazingly he was planning</font> to surround the<font color="#E5E5E5"> French base with an army</font> of 40,000 they would all<font color="#CCCCCC"> have to</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> be fed motive we</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">follow the in Capitola Johar I</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> do him</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">house hire donít enjoy</font> Conkeldurr<font color="#CCCCCC"> LUN</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> toca la</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> Faisal</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> home</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">patroller now</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> all my camcorder linear</font> for the<font color="#CCCCCC"> remote control</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> include any</font> mental man<font color="#CCCCCC"> xalapa Chappelle I'm Jaclyn</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">I'm Raymond kilo thousands of weapons</font> were dismantled and pushed on bicycles adapted<font color="#E5E5E5"> with bamboo rods the Vietnamese</font> were creating the first Ho Chi Minh Trail<font color="#E5E5E5"> this time they would out with the</font> French years<font color="#E5E5E5"> later the second</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> Oh Chi</font> Minh Trail<font color="#CCCCCC"> would out with the Americans</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">altogether some 300,000 people were</font> involved<font color="#E5E5E5"> in the huge logistical life</font> [Music] <font color="#CCCCCC">Jeff had acquired large 105 millimeter</font> guns from<font color="#E5E5E5"> the Russians and the</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> Chinese</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">the French never expected to face them</font> at<font color="#CCCCCC"> Tian Bien Phu Moab</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> disease Jeff</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> very</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">suitable Indian food people</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> control a</font> revival very conscious about<font color="#E5E5E5"> higher</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">Honorable Minister knowing I'd</font> appreciate a tequila<font color="#E5E5E5"> scenario sequence</font> they supposed to<font color="#CCCCCC"> loop from a month away</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">properly even work available for</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> SEPA</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">kibbutz coat on top say</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> exactitude on</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">you in bed for</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> conjugates</font> three months after<font color="#CCCCCC"> the French had first</font> landed at GNB<font color="#CCCCCC"> an Fuu jabbed launched his</font> major attack the artillery brought hundreds of miles across country<font color="#E5E5E5"> had a</font> devastating<font color="#E5E5E5"> effect</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> on the</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> French</font> artillery fire any back has an impact <font color="#E5E5E5">which is psychological as well as</font> physical<font color="#CCCCCC"> an enemy that</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> can reach into</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">the heart of</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> your position that can</font> flatten bunkers rip up the wire change contours<font color="#E5E5E5"> is clearly very powerful and</font> it's all more damaging as you<font color="#CCCCCC"> father</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">undersold the enemy up until</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> there and</font> that's what happened is at<font color="#E5E5E5"> the end</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> and</font> food<font color="#E5E5E5"> proves the garrison that they are</font> dealing<font color="#E5E5E5"> with a very powerful opponent</font> indeed the<font color="#E5E5E5"> French artillery officer</font> Colonel<font color="#CCCCCC"> D road was beside himself he had</font> claimed<font color="#E5E5E5"> the Vietnamese would never have</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">done the French in desperation he took a</font> hand<font color="#CCCCCC"> grenade and committed suicide a</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">French force of 17,000 was now</font> surrounded<font color="#CCCCCC"> by</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> an enemy three times its</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">size but the French still hoped that</font> their air<font color="#CCCCCC"> power and superior technology</font> would win the day<font color="#CCCCCC"> and general</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> Jap</font> learned not to<font color="#E5E5E5"> underestimate that</font> advantage jab followed the artillery barrage with wave after wave of<font color="#E5E5E5"> infantry assaults on</font> the fortified positions<font color="#E5E5E5"> but he realized</font> that the human cost was too high <font color="#CCCCCC">nail DiPalma Lagoon hey Logan Canyon</font> Canyon<font color="#E5E5E5"> yiddishe momme bola de l'amour</font> que<font color="#CCCCCC"> my mom uses alcohol Tara Bulbul Tara</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">head formula</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> Tanana some point</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> potato</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">sunjammer</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">no the toiler</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> was going to quit the</font> connectome<font color="#E5E5E5"> stock order he do it on</font> [Music] <font color="#E5E5E5">Jeff was going to</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> Rindge endian fool</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">with trenches to get closer and closer</font> to the<font color="#E5E5E5"> French</font> you can go for<font color="#E5E5E5"> profitable German Latin</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">otoko didn't demote I</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> can't</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> even</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> city</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">criminal he was a midget</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> they knew not</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">to litter cabin integrity</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">he's a crowd or could hit my zoom super</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">played zoo</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> quilt agenda these are not</font> minor doubt is what<font color="#CCCCCC"> who called I've got</font> nada City none of<font color="#E5E5E5"> yes the</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> how the</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">repositories mathematics</font> it took me<font color="#E5E5E5"> kalamata within a month the</font> trench diggers had cut right through the runway the French<font color="#E5E5E5"> lifeline now there was no</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> way</font> out<font color="#E5E5E5"> of</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> G</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> M VN foo parishes</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> crops were</font> now<font color="#E5E5E5"> the only means of supplying the</font> garrison once<font color="#E5E5E5"> again the French had</font> underestimated their enemy job not<font color="#CCCCCC"> only</font> had anti-aircraft guns<font color="#CCCCCC"> he also had</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">highly-trained gun crews the Vietnamese</font> fire<font color="#CCCCCC"> fought the relief planes to fly</font> higher and<font color="#E5E5E5"> higher causing more and more</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">supplies to fall into the wrong hands</font> soon the<font color="#E5E5E5"> Vietnamese had stocks of French</font> brandy<font color="#E5E5E5"> French cheese and french weapons</font> the<font color="#CCCCCC"> Vietnamese</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> even got the medals of</font> promotion meant for de Castries the garrison was beginning to<font color="#E5E5E5"> run</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> out of</font> food<font color="#CCCCCC"> out</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> of Medicine and out of</font> ammunition<font color="#CCCCCC"> the orders</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> were</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> however to</font> hold out<font color="#E5E5E5"> losing</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> the fortress was simply</font> unthinkable<font color="#E5E5E5"> the</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> siege of Jin bein Phu</font> lasted for 56 days<font color="#E5E5E5"> and as conditions in</font> the<font color="#E5E5E5"> French bunkers worsened</font> so did morale to cut<font color="#E5E5E5"> 3 the commander</font> withdrew into his bunker<font color="#CCCCCC"> refusing to</font> speak<font color="#E5E5E5"> to</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> anyone</font> the<font color="#CCCCCC"> Marat</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> must have been pretty low</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">actually</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> when you think that there was</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">no way</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> out the last aircraft to take out</font> wounded<font color="#CCCCCC"> was about 6 weeks</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> before</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> the end</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">and so the wounded had nowhere to</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> go</font> except lying filthy<font color="#E5E5E5"> half waterlogged</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">excreta filled maggot ridden bunkers in</font> the monsoon<font color="#E5E5E5"> waiting for death one by one</font> Gabrielle Beatrice le on and all the 49 defensive<font color="#E5E5E5"> sites fell</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> for</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> 750 machine-gun</font> posts and<font color="#E5E5E5"> 500 tons of barbed wire</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> could</font> not stop Japs forces yeah hey<font color="#CCCCCC"> Susie still otário comando</font> vision pasa pasa pasa Victoria da real enemy comes our division<font color="#CCCCCC"> offensive</font> rascal<font color="#E5E5E5"> visit a cosmetology material and</font> on lizard venereal<font color="#CCCCCC"> dr. Kimia Mallory</font> first<font color="#CCCCCC"> long</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> visitation merger today John</font> phonetic present<font color="#CCCCCC"> any leadership</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> they are</font> yet come on <font color="#CCCCCC">si como su estado visitors</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> where PA</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">al-qaradawi -</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> whoa</font> la patate goddamn you patroller<font color="#CCCCCC"> 82</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> later</font> so<font color="#E5E5E5"> literature will repeal the</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> bill Van</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">Winkle of the</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> two nearing bow</font> it is CT image of the<font color="#E5E5E5"> got the</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> obligatory</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">Anna will cool down</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> our</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> computer will</font> make<font color="#E5E5E5"> them</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> the sacrifice we will go to</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">have</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> involve isn't over</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> - sorry</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> what</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> I</font> what I mean I<font color="#E5E5E5"> love kuru it</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">hello the garganta to hold Ohio who</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> lose</font> I will<font color="#CCCCCC"> infer David I'm going on gym</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">class no Togo via de Milo</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> how do</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> Laden</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">waha during a cholera syncope at a</font> <font color="#CCCCCC">casino ah the French</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> forces at Dien Bien</font> Phu<font color="#E5E5E5"> had been largely financed by the</font> United<font color="#CCCCCC"> States the Vietnamese victory had</font> caught<font color="#E5E5E5"> France a colony and America 385</font> million dollars in the end it was<font color="#E5E5E5"> to</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">caught the Americans very much more they</font> would bog themselves down in<font color="#CCCCCC"> a war they</font> couldn't win they too would pay the price<font color="#CCCCCC"> for under estimating the enemy</font> [Music] defeat and underestimation go hand in hand sometimes it's ignorant<font color="#E5E5E5"> that leads to</font> content but it seems<font color="#CCCCCC"> just as frequently</font> to arise from<font color="#CCCCCC"> arrogance</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> and that</font> arrogance doesn't stop<font color="#E5E5E5"> even</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> with defeat</font> as the losers remake the victors in their own image there's a<font color="#E5E5E5"> similar sort</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">of swing that goes on in the attitude</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> of</font> the<font color="#E5E5E5"> western army to its opponent that</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">happens at</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> excel DeWanna at Singapore</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">and</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> AD Indian food</font> the Westerners start by under estimating <font color="#CCCCCC">there and then when</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> they actually</font> replace that abstract<font color="#E5E5E5"> underestimation</font> with a very concrete view of what the enemies like<font color="#E5E5E5"> the estimate veers in the</font> other direction<font color="#CCCCCC"> they then tend to</font> overestimate the<font color="#E5E5E5"> enemy there is after</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">all no no great merit in being beaten</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> by</font> somebody<font color="#CCCCCC"> who's loudly proclaimed is very</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">low quality so if you're going to lose</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> a</font> battle<font color="#E5E5E5"> in</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> the campaign it was much to be</font> <font color="#E5E5E5">said for</font><font color="#CCCCCC"> then saying goodness me this is</font> a this<font color="#CCCCCC"> is an annual</font><font color="#E5E5E5"> admirable enemy a</font> noble<font color="#CCCCCC"> warrior</font> [Music] you <font color="#E5E5E5">you</font> you
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Channel: Timeline - World History Documentaries
Views: 488,468
Rating: 4.6971855 out of 5
Keywords: TV Shows - Topic, documentary history, Documentary Movies - Topic, history documentary, military mistakes, Documentaries, Full length Documentaries, Documentary, History, stories, military errors, real, Channel 4 documentary, Full Documentary, BBC documentary, 2017 documentary
Id: gcqspF9NbEs
Channel Id: undefined
Length: 48min 27sec (2907 seconds)
Published: Sat Apr 29 2017
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