Where Pepper & Cinnamon Came From | The Spice Trail | Absolute History

the world loves spice the exotic ingredients in so many of our favorite dishes have revolutionized the way we eat but the search for these amazing tastes now found in every kitchen cupboard changed the course of history this is a journey to find out how spices shaped our modern world i'm going to be visiting some of their exotic birthplaces and traveling the globe to discover just how these spices made it to our tables [Music] i'll be meeting the people whose lives depend on them and following the trail of the first spice explorers empires built and destroyed immense fortunes made and countless lives lost during one of the most exciting periods of discovery in the history of the western world and all in the name of spice [Music] [Music] [Applause] like most people i have a cupboard full of spices dried seeds and bark that we all think of as commonplace but back in the 15th century two spices in particular led the europeans to travel beyond the known world i followed them to india looking for pepper before heading to sri lanka to find cinnamon this is known as the spice coast 300 miles of shoreline with lush tropical forests and a labyrinth of waterways and more often than not hot weather and blue skies but this is monsoon season our story begins with a spice that every single one of us will have in our cupboards or on our tables it's so ordinary and everyday that we utterly take it for granted and it's this black pepper but this was once so valuable it was known as black gold and in medieval times if you stole a handful of peppercorns like this it was as lucrative as doing a successful bank raid today serving black pepper to your guests was undeniable proof of your wealth and power this was once the world's most sought after spice and it comes from here kerala in southern india our love affair with pepper dates back to the romans they couldn't get enough of the stuff and it wasn't just roads and plumbing they brought to europe they left us with a taste for what they called piper negram but what do we really know about this spice to find out i'm traveling high into the hills of iduki one of kerala's premier pepper growing areas [Music] this is sacred and protected land home to an ancient tribal people the manan have been cultivating pepper for centuries it's a really effective use karen bakshi a former chef understands this spice and now works with the tribe growing and selling it now i'm going to just have a closer look at what's going on here i can't believe these other other ladders yeah these are the bamboo poles they use to climb up i mean it a very traditional practice it is very traditional but it looks terrifying the wine is not that strong right of course it creates a very good balance so you don't want a great heavy thing up above it i mean you you make it look very easy and very comfortable can i can i have a go so let's see right and then quite wobbly so how oh my goodness i'm not sure this is a good idea so it's twisting so pepper is is basically a creeper isn't it it's a creeper and it's attached to a tree called the coral tree and these are the berries pepper berries so you you stand up and then you pluck this is how it's plucked so you pluck the whole thing and you put it in your sauron like that yeah i'm going to come down i'm going to leave you to read the expert thank you very much please carry on so pepper is probably the most familiar spice to us you know it's good old black pepper is white pepper something quite different it's a very common question which people ask is they think that white pepper comes from a different tree different creeper but it's not the white pepper the black pepper and the green pepper come from the same wine what happens with black pepper you're drying it in the sun and it's holding up all the flavors and it becomes roasted black color but what happens with white pepper is you soak them in water to remove the outer skin the green skin okay and that's what uh makes it much more milder and it's white in color and of course not that pungent not that pungent so that dried would become a black peppercorn absolutely yes that soaked would become a white pepper red pepper but it's all the same thing it's all the same thing pepper has been harvested like this in india for thousands of years and for centuries the people who sold it to the rest of the world were arab traders [Music] they knew where to find it and they weren't about to let anyone else in on the secret [Music] back in the 15th century europeans had no idea how pepper was produced and to be honest neither do i [Applause] so do you just like that no no no way you trample it [Applause] can i try yeah okay so like this it's like a little pepper dance [Music] what do you think girls good what's extraordinary when you're doing this as badly as i clearly am is that you get the smell of pepper coming up from your feet go on you you do it this is how it should be done [Music] so next time you're grinding peppercorns onto your scrambled eggs of a morning you can remember how those peppercorns started life [Applause] look at that one little dance and whole fistfuls of pepper [Music] [Applause] so pick the berries dance on them and leave them out in the sun for three days and hey presto you've got the black peppercorns we know and love it really is as simple as that [Music] but for centuries in the west pepper was a luxury item and came with an air of mystique the european map of the world still had plenty of blank spaces and peppa's unknown origins gave rise to all sorts of fantastic stories one such tale was that pepper forests were guarded by highly venomous flying serpents once the berries were ripe people would come along and set fire to the forests driving away the snakes and engulfing the plants in flames those flames would turn the berries black and give them their fiery taste [Music] the berries then had to be harvested at breakneck speed before furious serpents returned to wreak their revenge these tall tales suited the arab traders who were making a fortune while protecting their source the spice was sent on a marathon journey travelling from here to the tables of the rich in the west and along the way were plenty of merchants charging a hefty markup today in kerala there are still plenty of spice traders doing very nicely out of pepper how much for 100 grams of black pepper 50 rupees shouldn't should i bargain should i should i be saying 40. no bobby no 55. no i say 40. thank you very much you think he only sings when he's making money sir it has been a pleasure dance well you have to sing okay [Laughter] pepper may have been expensive but there was no shortage of people willing to pay the price in the 15th century these little dried berries not only spiced up the food of the rich they were also believed to be a cure for the plague the black death ravaging europe the arabs had total control of the pepper trade and the vast income it produced but that was all about to change on the 8th of july 1497 portugal sent their finest navigator vasco de gama in search of pepper de gama was 37 years old and the son of a nobleman with a reputation for steely determination he was going to need it tagama's flotilla headed for the coast of africa using the monsoon winds to propel them around the cape of good hope and into the indian ocean [Music] finally in may of 1498 dagama's crew landed on the malabar coast making them the first europeans to find the sea route to india [Music] it's reported that dagama's little fleet landed here and legend has it that de gama and his men marched up the beach shouting for christ and spices although more likely some poor soul was sent ahead and only when he came back in one piece did dagama go ashore although obviously that version isn't quite so good for posterity but whatever the truth there is no denying the fact that the portuguese had hit the jackpot they had landed here in kerala the birthplace of pepper [Music] when de gama first arrived on india's malabar post he expected to find a few godless savages who would happily trade their black gold for a few worthless european creperies but what he was actually met by was a cosmopolitan melting pot of enormous wealth and sophistication [Music] this is cochin spice city central and for centuries traders came here from far and wide in search of pepper muslims jews arabs and chinese in the 1400s this was a boom town pepper was to coach in what oil is to the gulf states today [Music] in trading halls throughout cochin spice deals are going on every day the spice on sale today is ginger what's fascinating is how these deals are being conducted in silence and in secret so what you're doing is you are trying to agree a price and you do it in secret integration under here can you show me the hand signals yes uh asking two hundred is two fingers oh yeah and you are and then i said two six six five five five plus one five plus one so that's six that's incredibly complicated seven is this eight is that one two ah two times two times four and four these hand signals evolved over centuries from the need to have a common language among traders from all over the world six six [Laughter] all this secrecy means a better deal for the seller it's like a game of poker and the buyers are trying to call the sellers bluff but i'm not fooling anyone so now we have agreed the deal do you shake hands under here what how do you when you say i agree i agree that goes up and the deal is finished i will say you take it [Music] in the middle ages pepper was so valuable that to prevent theft workers handling the spice were forbidden from wearing trousers with cuffs or pockets and when coins were scarce pepper was used as currency hence the term peppercorn rent today pepper is the only spice that's quoted on the stock market everything's done in secret under this towel and these guys have just walked in they made an offer to the seller who just so clearly yeah there are some big but it's just an amazing way of selling stuff and this scene could be a thousand years ago apart from the shiny sandals and the mobile phones of course [Music] dagama may have found an established business community in cochin but the sea route opened up by the portuguese introduced new european traders to the indian pepper market and today as then it's all about supply and demand do you sell pepper yes sword shot pepper short why crop is down really they're less growth here also less crops this is the home of pepperoni demand is good demand is but why is there a shortage of the spice here in india to find out i need to head north to the traditional heartland of pepper production in kerala wyanad a place the traders of dagama's time knew as the pepper mountains this 400 acre pepper plantation has been run by vic today for the last 17 years there should be a fabulous spread here of vines and berries but that's far from the case this is unexpected i was expecting to see lushness and plants everywhere and this looks like a scene of devastation it is it is every single tree that you see here yeah had pepper growing up it as you can see so that that was a peppermint yeah yeah it's all built will yeah it's a fungal attack which has hit the pepper not only mine but the entire district but i thought the weinard was the the absolute epitome of pepper production the whole of kerala exactly and that's why that's what made wynard famous and pepper was a natural crop here it just took off you you planted the slips and the next thing you know three years later you've got a luxuriant uh peppermint and how much pepper did you produce on the whole estate 25 tonnes 25 cents yes and now and now with difficulty uh a ton a little over a ton last year that explains them because i met these guys in cochin who said you know people desperately want pepper the pepper market is is really strong local apparently local demand is going up as well but they simply can't get it and i couldn't understand it i thought this is the home of pepper it's all because of the world so you've lost an enormous amount huge amount huge amount it is definitely spreading without doubt oh this this is a beautiful area at one time yeah it's sad when you see it like this isn't it the spice that drew the world to india's shores and grew in abundance all over this landscape is now under threat at risk are the livelihoods of the tribe's people whose small pepper farms are scattered in the mountains it's harvest time in kerala and festivals like this deep in the heart of waianae are rooted in traditions that are thousands of years old these isolated communities depend on pepper and the disease that has ravaged the crop has touched the lives of everyone here and none more so than local farmer janesh joseph janesh and his brother suresh were raised on this farm where their father grew pepper when the plants were ravaged by the disease tragedy struck so the pepper crop failed the pepper is destroyed due to the disease everything on the farm everything on the farm destroyed and destroyed we could not get money from any other crops your entire family income disappeared and disappear that is the main problem father was disappointed and he decided to die he climbed a tree and he hanged the tree so he said due to the gloss of pepper in the last five years there have been as many as 200 suicides among pepper farmers but the brothers refused to give up they left their studies to help rescue the farm and repay the debts their father left behind and by introducing soil nutrients and a new strain of plant they're growing pepper on their farm once again to celebrate the harvest the twins have invited me to a family meal prepared by their mother eliamer [Music] smells delicious and naturally pepper is very much on the menu from here from your farm okay look at this because pickle is a pickle oh so these are pickle made out of the pepper berries how amazing oh this looks delicious that is i think it might be potato yeah yeah yam it's not potato it's yam okay this one so you're putting pepper in here wow pepper and everything the lovely thing that i'm beginning to discover about indian cooking is that you never have to do anything on your own you have a whole team well this is our pepper feast pepper jams peppered beef peppered beetroot pepper pickle and pepper soup don't laugh at me you try saying pepper pickle at this time of day okay small small perfect okay delicious [Music] what was so wonderful about this food is the taste of the pepper is incredibly strong you absolutely know that you're eating a pepper-based dish and with pepper tastes completely different from the pepper we have at home maybe because it literally is grown on the doorstep it's delicious thank you but in india pepper isn't just used for seasoning food it's used for something even more fundamental for over five thousand years indians have been turning to a traditional system of medicine to treat their ailments it's called ayurveda and it means science of life it originated here in kerala and pepper is one of its main ingredients dr mary smitter is a renowned practitioner of this ancient medicine my goodness this is like a treasure trove it's amazing it's like a sort of wizards workshop so everything you use in ayurvedic medicine all these wonderful barks and seeds it's all natural you use no chemicals at all yeah it's completely natural uh actually plants have the energy from nature plants are deep rooted in nature so we are using that energy for our body we are trying to blend the energy of nature and trying to bring about an equilibrium in a human body i've heard it comes from kerala pepper as i now have discovered it also comes from caroline so what would you and i verdict medicine use pepper4 pepper is a decongestant it's a very good decongestant can be used in all the respiratory ailments i mean even asthma would it help with that oh definitely this can help you know this can bring down cholesterol levels and it's a powerful antibacterial and antiviral medicine so this little berry has not just made a lot of people very very rich over the years it's made a lot of people very healthy that's true it is a little wonderberry [Music] so i wonder what could it do for me i can detect a little bit of fatigue probably fatigue yeah is there anything in ayurvedic medicine that can give me a bit of a kind of energy boost oh well there is this wonder drug that is the long pepper long pepper yeah where is it piper lungum wow yeah look at that can i taste it yes is it going to blow my head off back in medieval europe this close relative to black pepper was every bit as popular today though it's most commonly used as an ayurvedic cure it sort of explodes it's not really on the tip of your tongue the taste isn't it i'll put uh six grams of powder in one glass of milk my tongue is on fire [Music] pepper flavors the cuisine the economy the medicine and the traditions of this part of india an offering worthy of the gods themselves on the banks of the pampa river in central kerala pepper is being offered to honor the local hindu deity these men many of them local farmers are about to take to the water in the most important contest of a harvest festival that lasts 10 whole days it's known as o nam this team from malapura cherry are hot favorites to win [Music] and since i'm hitching a lift up river with their supporters i've decided to adopt them as my team this is the start of the most traditional boat race in all of india it's kind of intrinsic to the onan festival one of the most important parts [Applause] the spectacular snake boat race is a 2 000 year old event featuring the largest teams of any sport in the world and these incredible looking boats have got a hundred oarsmen a piece and each boat represents a local village [Applause] 40 villages many located in pepper country are taking part what a spectacle the malapura cherry team have been victorious for the last two years and i'm hoping they'll make it a hat trick good luck guys come on guys oh it's going to be neck and neck this one three boats together and there's hardly a whisker in it good oh they're paddling there hold on come on it was a close run thing but my boys didn't get their hat trick they couldn't have tried harder and they look absolutely exhausted i think it might be time for a traditional pick-me-up ayurvedic style namaskar can i have some chai for me please [Music] i have this spice you know this in english long pepper and um an ayah verdict doctor told me it's very good but lots of energy it makes you bounce so can i can i use this and i'm pounding it out grind exactly is that okay okay which is quite hard isn't it let me try woman who knows how to grind good deep okay that's enough a little bit of pepper in okay what do you think [Music] good it's weird you can't really taste the pepper but suda likes it so despite winning all their heats decisively and it was an incredibly exciting competition sadly my adopted team didn't win they came second so they're a fairly dejected a lot of boys today so i know what's going to pick them up and give them strength to win next year's race good morning good morning i'm sorry you didn't win but you were magnificent we thought you were great so try this it'll give you energy after all your work [Music] the climax of the 10 day o nam festival is a procession of all the boats to the main temple [Applause] and it certainly looks as if my team may have benefited from the pepper pick-me-up women are not allowed in the boats so i'm making my way by foot to meet up with the team at the temple where everyone is giving thanks for the harvest to the all-bestowing god patasati and despite their earlier disappointment my team's spirits seem high [Applause] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] doubt [Applause] by the turn of the 16th century the portuguese were at the forefront of the spice race and with western appetites for exotic tastes running high what they couldn't obtain through trade they took by force in the name of pepper the portuguese laid siege to the spice coast of india eight years after tagamer first landed in kerala the portuguese had established a fairly firm foothold here they built this fort and in it put their first viceroy in india then pretty confident that they had control over the pepper trade their quest for spices turned south [Music] they set forth in search of another rare taste highly desired amongst the rich in 16th century europe a spice for which they were prepared to pay exorbitant prices [Music] cinnamon even rarer and more expensive than pepper its sauce was a mystery the portuguese were constantly raiding arab ships along the indian coast and often found cinnamon among the cargo they suspected the source for the spice was nearby but the ocean beyond kerala was as far as the portuguese were concerned uncharted waters but in 1506 portuguese sailors pursuing an arab merchant ship found themselves adrift in rough seas in the indian ocean and sought shelter on an unfamiliar coast the portuguese landed here on the shores of sri lanka or salon as it was then known little realizing that the bad weather had brought them to exactly the place they were looking for now as was customary in those days so i give you a hand they asked the locals to take them to their king now the portuguese are pitched up in the kingdom of cote not a very big kingdom and the locals wanted to impress these exotic foreigners so instead of taking them as a direct route to the king which only would have taken a couple of hours and given the impression that the kingdom was tiny they took them on a circuitous route that took about three days and the phrase taking the portuguese to cote has now entered local parlance and is kind of the sri lankan equivalent of being led on a wild goose chase [Music] back then kotei was one of several kingdoms that made up the exotic island of ceylon the rival rulers were constantly at each other's throats a situation that the portuguese were able to exploit in their attempts to control the cinnamon trade this is the coastal town of gaul and i haven't had to look far to find the spice that was once so coveted cinnamon from sri lanka from sri lanka number one quality cinnamon number one quality good morning but to see where cinnamon actually grows i need to head into the dense jungles of nearby hikadua this is cinnamon country and i'm here to meet local farmer primal wick ravnasinga are you primo how are you very well what a beautiful beautiful place it's amazing it's like a sort of mythical jungle okay this farm has been in primals family for more than three generations he took it over 20 years ago and transformed it into an organic farm producing high quality cinnamon i will show you cinnamon well that would be wonderful because i have no idea how the cinnamon that we see in those funny little sticks in a jar gets from a real living plant i can't even imagine what the plant looks like this is yeah these are the cinnamon plants this is organic cinnamon yeah now they are harvesting i'm gonna try and get close without getting my arm chopped off but does it it doesn't smell now does the leaves smell of cinnamon you can you can smell this just you can yeah just you can buy it bite then you can taste it oh yeah it's an incredible taste and this is called cinema selenicum of course sri lankan cinnamon it's the bark of these branches that cinnamon is made from i'm looking at these guys doing all this work can i have a go i like this towards the boost okay the trick to harvesting is to cut with strength and accuracy so all i have to do is make two well-aimed incisions oh i'm making a right message really hard well that's the theory [Laughter] [Music] yeah okay good it's easier if we hold it like this okay and then cut down 20 years practice i reckon i could be quite good at this it's hard to believe that from this ordinary looking branch comes a spice adored since ancient times back then they may have loved it but like me they had no idea of the origins of cinnamon 5th century bc historian herodotus came up with his own colorful version of the cinnamon story do you know the herodotus story no you don't know he said that cinnamon was gathered from the nests of birds and there were these giant birds who would make nests out of cinnamon sticks but their nests were right up on inaccessible cliffs so you couldn't get to them so the way that the cinnamon had to be gathered was that the people of the villages where these nests were built would kill an animal and leave huge chunks of meat underneath the nest the birds would come down gather up the meat take it up to their nests the meat was so heavy the nests would collapse there were your cinnamon sticks what a palabra yeah mind you it might have been easier than me [Music] the myth may be far-fetched but it seems that what i'm witnessing here can't have changed too much since the time of herodotus [Music] the skills of the cinnamon peelers have been passed down from generation to generation and go back thousands of years [Music] the first part of the process is to strip the outer bark of the branch to reveal the golden inner bark which is the cinnamon it's like peeling a big carrot or something you have to remove every little bit but really finely so you don't dig into the stuff underneath this rubbing process that he's doing now that's loosening this bar next comes the most intricate operation making a series of incisions to separate the cinnamon from the branch the workers here are paid by how much cinnamon they cut so it pays to be fast and skillful like baby nona one of the most experienced of primal workers you do that very very expertly have you been doing this for a very long time could you show me how how you do the peeling okay and then you put this through your toe yeah okay and and go down like that oh it's sort of like skinning something alive and then down again oh i'm making a terrible mess i'm driving you mad also you can't believe how slow i am if i have no finger left i'm blaming you [Laughter] [Music] i've managed to keep hold of all my fingers but i've made a right mess of the cinnamon there's clearly a knack to this that might just take more than a day for me to master my cinnamon tutor baby nona diananda belongs to a cast of people the solagama who've been the enduring guardians of cinnamon throughout all the chapters of sri lanka's colonial past exploiting their skills was crucial to portugal's plan to monopolize the spice trade here you are from a special cast of people that are totally connected with cinnamon can you tell me a little bit about the salagana well [Music] [Music] [Music] it was the selagomes skills with cinnamon that saved them even if it meant they lived as virtual slaves [Music] those skills include the final part of the process the building of the cinnamon quills okay baby noona is going to show me how to make a quill aren't you she's looking a little doubtful i don't think she has much faith in me after the peeling episode but let's try okay so these are the bits i peel so this becomes like the outer casing and everything gets packed beautifully into it and it really isn't [Music] so there's a lot more to a cinnamon stick than meets the eye and that will sit drying but every night you'll roll it a bit won't you so that then tightens it up and that will happen for two weeks and you will finally get your beautiful regulation length cinnamon stick that's a lot of work you're amazing you know you're amazing cinnamon requires a lot more effort and skill to prepare than pepper it is literally a handmade product but the knowledge possessed by people like baby nona is gradually dying out so you really push pack it in yeah and what about today i mean you are still working in cinnamon you said that your father taught you how to be a cinnamon peeler are you worried that um other young selagomer like your daughter and your son will not go into the cinnamon industry [Music] [Music] so if i practice a little bit more shall i come and work with you [Music] the portuguese weren't just after sri lankan spices they'd also come to claim souls for christ they were determined that if the cinnamon trade was to be theirs they would have to convert as well as conquer but in some parts of the country they met determined resistance i'm heading inland and up to the hills of candy for a unique festival that celebrates an important victory over the portuguese this is amazing i can't imagine that there could be any more people it's like the whole of candy have piled out onto the streets okay ready have a lovely day it's so exciting look at everybody's faces [Music] this festival known as perahara not only celebrates the buddhist faith but also the defiance shown by the local people to the foreign cinnamon hunters when the portuguese realized that this little island was home to their precious cinnamon of course they wanted to take over the whole place and where they met the most resistance was here the kingdom of candy those 16th century rebels harassed and attacked the portuguese everywhere they tried to establish cinnamon plantations is home to the holiest of holy sites if you're a buddhist the temple of the tomb wherein lies one of buddha's teeth so the portuguese thought if we steal that tooth we'll break the spirit of the people of candy and take them over no problem at all so that is exactly what they did except that the tooth they stole was a fake and the people of candy were never subjugated by the portuguese so this is the moment that this whole crowd has been waiting for this festival is all about that tooth that the portuguese tried to steal and in that casket on that huge elephant flanked by two almost as big male elephant is the real tooth of buddha and the whole of candy has turned out to see it [Music] [Music] i have a little tip for you if you go to perahara and i thoroughly recommend it it's fantastic don't book yourselves on a 6 a.m train the following morning because you'll feel very bleary-eyed indeed now where were we the portuguese they never did take candy but they did continue to wreak havoc in the rest of the country as did the dutch who followed 100 or so years later and then in 1796 it was the turn of the british the people of sri lanka resisted as best they could all these foreign interventions but they couldn't ignore foreign appetites cinnamon was and still is an important part of the economic survival of many small farmers and that includes the cinnamon grower i've come to know primal today's the day that primal hopes to sell the cinnamon he's been growing for the last few months he has no idea where in the world his cinnamon will end up and his business deals are confined to local middlemen like this one i've witnessed how much painstaking work goes into making cinnamon so i'm hoping primal gets the price he wants the negotiations aren't going well primal's choices are limited does he accept a low price or hold his nerve there's no sale and this dealer won't return these four bundles of primals beautiful organic cinnamon represent hours of skilled labor and years of experience now primal didn't sell them today because he was hoping for a price that equates to roughly four pounds 80 a kilo in english money and the man wouldn't give it to him this is cinnamon bought in an english supermarket it's not organic and it's not as high grade as pre-miles and it cost one pound 47 for 13 grams now there's something not quite right about that isn't there that's a 2 000 markup someone's doing very well out of this trade but it certainly isn't primal or any of the other spice farmers around here [Music] it's not only market forces that play a part in cinnamon's fortunes but the forces of nature the devastating tsunami of 2004 killed 4 200 people and wiped out 300 cinnamon farms in this area and in the face of this destruction primal and the other survivors turn to their religion [Music] the day of the full moon is considered holy in the buddhist tradition and i've joined primal and a procession of the local farmers to make an offering of cinnamon to the god deval now this is the deity that people turn to in their hour of need and it's also the god that the people around here believe saved the temple from destruction during the tsunami so primal is hoping that this offering today will ensure him and the other farmers a successful cinnamon crop this year in sri lanka cinnamon is considered not only good for the body but sustenance for the soul a sample from primals harvest is a welcome offering at the temple and will be distributed among the poor of his local community [Music] i came to asia to explore the exotic origins of two staples in every british kitchen cupboard [Music] cinnamon and pepper two ordinary spices with an extraordinary past the search for their source opened up the world and the europeans who sailed to the ends of the earth for spice made fortunes while the people who grew them never got their share of the spoils [Music] but the vibrant cultures in india and sri lanka where spice plays a part in everything from sustenance to the sacred are still going strong [Music] and these lands are still suffused with the scent and taste of pepper and cinnamon [Music] you

Channel: Absolute History

Views: 539,293

Keywords: Absolute History, ancient civilizations, ancient flavors, birthplaces of spices, culinary exploration, culinary heritage, documentary series, explorers journey, flavor origins, historical adventures, historical artifacts, historical condiments, historical exploration, historical flavors, historical ingredients, historical origins, historical trade, historical trade routes, taste of history, trailblazing explorers

Id: eizn25JZTSA

Length: 57min 43sec (3463 seconds)

Published: Fri May 29 2020