When God DEMANDED Human Sacrifices | The TRUTH About Moloch | Documentary

[Music] few crimes offend our sense of justice as much as the killing of an innocent child the very fact that some ancient societies ever practiced the ritual murder of their own offspring is almost impossible for the modern mind to grasp of all the moral topics on which everyone can agree this is surely at the top of the list our religious literature however records a violent past in which child sacrifice was a regrettable reality even the Bible contains both obvious and subtle references to the practice but it is a topic that few Believers ever dwell on in the Christian West the Bible is often upheld as a moral load stone with the implicit understanding that Horrors like slavery and human sacrif I were never ever condoned by God even if such practices existed at the time and yet we find verses like this one in Ezekiel which imply something much more Sinister I gave the Israelites statutes that were not good and ordinances by which they could not live I defiled them through their very gifts in their offering up all their firstborn in order that I might horrify them so that they might know that I am Yahweh to get the full story on child sacrifice in the Bible we must turn to the Bible scholars archaeologists and historians who dedicate their lives to understanding ancient Israel in this documentary we take an unflinching look at the hard questions who were the people sacrificing children and why would they do do such a thing what God or gods were children sacrificed to what does the Mosaic law say about child sacrifice how should we interpret the stories of Israelite Heroes like Abraham and jeepa that have strong undertones of child sacrifice and lastly how has the theme of child sacrifice influenced the development of Christianity our main guide on this Quest will be the excellent book King manasse and child sacrifice biblical distortions of historical realities by Old Testament scholar Dr Francesca stavra kapulu Dr stavra kapulu teaches at the University of exor and is a leading Authority in the field of modern biblical studies will'll also occasionally refer to other books and papers as needed for for clarification or alternative viewpoints in the meantime consider this if every word of the Bible is inherent it is divine or inspired by God and in this Bible you find God permitting sometimes even demanding the sacrifice of a human what does this tell you about the nature the character the morality of this deity for me it raises questions about the morality of the authors of the text but also what does it say about modern preachers who want to demand that our morality needs to be derived from the word of God when this God behaves in such a [Music] manner in John Milton's Paradise Lost the foremost demon of hell and one of the most terrifying of Satan's lieutenants is MCH the Lord of child sacrifice a ho King besmeared with blood of human sacrifice and parents tears that name has struck fear in people's hearts for Millennia and it remains a part of our Collective psyche in the west to this day this is evident in Western pop culture with villains named moak showing up in everything from superhero comic books to Science Fiction and Fantasy television and video games but who or what was molac originally the name MCH originates with an obscure word spelled with the Hebrew letters me lamid and cff the vowels added by the medieval Jewish scribes known as the m arites produce the pronunciation Mo while the spelling molok comes from the Greek septent and Latin Vulgate translations this word appears in a few verses that concern child sacrifice in the Bible in these later Bible translations the mastic Hebrew the Septuagint and the Vulgate treat the term as though it was a proper name or title of a god thus for a long time Bible scholars and historians assumed that the ancient Canaanites had sacrificed their children to an evil god named Molech a typical example of these Molech verses is Leviticus 1821 which states you shall not give any of your Offspring to pass them over to mesh and so profane the name of your God I am Yahweh in each of the Molech passages one's Offspring is described as being passed over or given to the Molech so far so good right the evil Canaanite god Molech demanded child sacrifice but the benevolent Israelite God Yahweh prohibited it we may be reassured that the Bible preaches a morality that was far superior to that of Israel's Wicked Neighbors or so people used to think almost a century ago German Theologian ATO ielt published a book claiming that there never was any deity called Molech instead ielt argued that to the MCH actually meant as a Molech sacrifice and he based his claim on new archaeological evidence for child sacrifices that had been discovered at ancient Phoenician colonies around the Mediterranean now the accusation of child sacrifice had been made against the Phoenicians since ancient times we find lurid descriptions of their sacrifice rituals the writings of diodora cus a historian from the first century BCE and in the writings of Pho of biblos among others what the new archaeological evidence showed though was that the inscriptions at these Phoenician sites referred to the child sacrifices as MK sacrifices and that they were performed in fulfillment of a vow by the child's parents some inscriptions even used The Identical phrase to the Mulk that we find in the Bible although the meaning of the word MK was unclear and is still debated to today it was obvious to ielt and others that Mo or mooch was not in fact the name of a God but a category of sacrifice ritual associated with vows at The Phoenician sites it was usually the goddess tanet or her consort Bal hamon who was the recipient of the sacrifice and the parents would receive some kind of blessing in return one inscription found at a ritual site reads presented to the Lord B Al Hamman is The Vow that Idol son of abeson vowed the Mulk sacrifice of a person of his own flesh he heard his voice and he blessed him it's important to remember that Phoenicians and Israelites were two ethnic subgroups descended from the same West semetic culture they lived next to each other spoke similar language dialects and had similar religious practice thus the strong argument can be made that the Bible verses in question are criticizing not sacrifices to a foreign God but sacrifices of the MK category now there is no point in making laws prohibiting people from doing something they have no history of doing or interest in doing from the MCH verses alone it it is clear that some Israelites were indeed sacrificing their children through this ancient ritual but to which God were they sacrificing their children that should be obvious now when we take a new look at the same Leviticus 1821 you shall not give any of your Offspring to pass them over to the Mulk and so profane the name of your God I am Yahweh why would the name of Yahweh be profaned by this ritual sacrifices carried out in honor of Bal or Deon or any other Canaanite god would not have that effect the answer can only be that the Israelites were performing child sacrifices in yahweh's name with Yahweh as the recipient there's a second group of of passages in the pentat that command the Israelites to give their firstborn to Yahweh and from the language used it is clear that sacrifices are intended one of these passages is Exodus 22: 28 and 29 you shall not delay to make offerings from your fullness of the grape Harvest and from your outflow of the presses the first born of your sons you will give to me just as you will do with your oxen and with your sheep seven days he or it shall remain with his or its mother on The Eighth Day you shall give he or it to me as stavra kapulu points out human firstborn are distinguished from animal firstborn here but not differentiated as the text plainly reads the same sacrificial outcome applies to both in contrast Exodus 13113 and exodus 3420 command similar sacrifices but require the human child to be redeemed or rescued however stavra kapulu notes there is no textual reason to assume that the same principle applies to Exodus 22 we are dealing with different sets of laws that were edited over time by different authors and that remain inconsistent on the rules regarding the sacrifice of firstborn human children the inconsistency increases the closer you look Exodus 13113 and exodus 34:20 also allow for donkey firstborn to be redeemed with a sheep but they do not explain how the human firstborn are redeemed the solution to that oversight is not given until numbers 18 where the ironide priests are told that human children must be redeemed with money because of these and similar problems stavra kapulu States citing a similar observation by John levenson that it is attractive to view the Redemption Clauses as secondary expansions of the sacrificial laws however because the editorial history and the inter relation of the pencal laws are so complex we have to turn to other passages for confirmation that human children were in fact targeted by the original laws about firstborn sacrifices an important passage here is the one we quoted earlier from Ezekiel the context is a passage in which the prophet Ezekiel speaking on behalf of Yahweh describes how the Israelites had to be punished for their wickedness after they were brought up out of Egypt I gave the Israelites statutes that were not good and ordinances by which they could not live I defiled them through their very gifts in their offering up all their firstborn in order that I might horrify them so that they might know that I am Yahweh it is clear that the Hebrew vocabulary used here particularly the phrase passing over is distinctive language referring to sacrifice and according to stavra kapulu it leaves little room for doubt that Yahweh was believed to have legislated for child sacrifice this remarkable statement by Ezekiel would have little Force if the firstborn sacrifice laws known to Ezekiel allowed human children to be Exempted by providing money or a sacrificial animal as a substitute no it is clear that from ezekiel's statement that child sacrifice had been accepted as a ritual native to Yahweh worship yet designed to defile and devastate its practitioners it is a fact that the author of Ezekiel is very unhappy about yet unable to deny stavra kapulu describes this passage as a uniquely ethical condemnation of child sacrifice in the Hebrew Bible but despite his condemnation Ezekiel is also forced to defend the ritual of child sacrifice as a horror that the Israelites deserved for their unfaithfulness it's important to note here that Exodus in its present form is generally regarded as a postexilic text compiled and edited by the aeronite priesthood that controlled the second temple under the Persians in other words the sacrificial laws known to Ezekiel predated the text that we have in our own Bibles and those older laws were quite possibly more explicit with regard to child sacrifice than the conflicting rules contained in the final version of the pentat another example of a no good decree made in God's name and with God's approval can be found in Joshua 6:26 this is the aftermath of the Battle of Jericho which we are all familiar with Joshua and the Israelites have just finished attacking the city of Jericho looting its silver and gold slaughtering each and every resident including the children and burning the city to the ground round all at God's command of course then Joshua declares an oath cursed before Yahweh be anyone who tries to build this city this Jericho at the cost of his first born he shall lay its foundation and at the cost of his youngest he shall set up its Gates this oath is fulfilled later on in First Kings 16:34 in ahab's days heel of Beth built Jericho he laid its foundation at the cost of abiram his firstborn and with seob his youngest son he set up its Gates according to the word of Yahweh which he spoke by Joshua son of nun interestingly the Fulfillment emphasizes that this oath requiring the sacrifice of two children a firstborn and a last born came from the word of Yahweh himself and was is not just a reckless curse uttered by Joshua the fact that this sacrifice is decreed by Yahweh prevents the biblical author from criticizing it although a few Greek manuscripts prudently omit the phrase according to the word of Yahweh another interesting passage that relates to child sacrifice is the Oracle in Micah 6 although the context and dating of this Oracle orle are unclear and widely debated it involves a dispute between Yahweh and Israel with the speaking voice alternating between the two parties in verse 6 and 7 Israel asks what it must do to get Yahweh to act on its behalf with what should I approach Yahweh and bow to the exalted God will I approach him with burnt offerings with one-year-old carbs will Yahweh may be pleased with thousands of rams or with tens of thousands of rivers of oil will I give my firstborn for my transgression the fruit of my belly for the sin of myself we have here an escalating list of increasingly precious gifts that the supplicant can offer Yahweh beginning with the sacrifice of calves and ending with the ultimate offering the sacrifice of one's firstborn child now some Scholars argue that the passage is satirical Hyperbole and that the final offer of one's firstborn should not be taken literally however stavra kapulu argues that these verses are best understood as a series of legitimate and increasingly valuable offerings which are ultimately fruitless for the present purpose of the poet that is in seeking to atone for sin it's important to note that Yahweh rejects all the sacrifices equally at the end of the Oracle the animal sacrifices the oil and the firstborn we know without question that other biblical laws demanded offerings of animals and oil and there is nothing in Micah 6 that distinguishes them from the firstborn sacrifice as Old Testament scholar Heath Durell at the University of Texas at Austin explains in his book on child sacrifice in the Bible there is no indication in the text of Micah 618 that firstborn sacrifice was understood as qualitatively different from the sacrifice of carves Rams or oil indeed the logic of the Oracle seems to proceed from sacrifices that would have been perceived as acceptable burnt offerings and carves to those that would have been viewed as even more effective thousands of rams and myriads of oil finally culminating in the most precious of all possible sacrifices the offering of a firstborn child the sacrifice of one's firstborn child is depicted as extraordinary but there is no indication that the Oracle is presenting the sacrifice as in any way intrinsically unsuitable thus the context of the Oracle implies that all of the offerings are extremely valuable and at least in theory acceptable even if current Circumstances had caused Yahweh to reject all sacrifices as ineffective stavra kapulu uses the term Foundation myths for the two key stories of the Bible that shape the history of Israel and Define Israel in terms of her role as yahweh's chosen people these are the ancestor myth which concerns Abraham and his descendants in the promised land and The Exodus myth which describes Israel as a nation that came out of Egypt it is striking says stavra kapulu that a prominent Motif in both of these myths is the role of Yahweh as child Slayer to see what she means by that let's take a look at the story of The Binding of Isaac in Genesis 22 an episode often called the aoda most viewers are undoubtedly familiar with the Story Once Upon a Time After Abraham's wife Sarah has given birth to her firstborn Isaac God calls to Abraham and tells him to sacrifice Isaac as a burnt offering on a mountain Abraham and Isaac set out and reached the location specified by God after several days Abraham Builds an altar and lays down the wood for the sacrifice he is just about to plunge the knife into his son when the angel of Yahweh calls down from heaven to stay his hand Abraham then spies a ram him caught in a Thicket nearby and sacrifices it in place of his son it is clear however we interpret the story that the motif of child sacrifice has a central role in it stavra kapulu draws particular attention to verses 16- 18 in which God expresses his approval of Abraham's obedience because you have done this and have not withheld your son your your only son I will indeed bless you and I will make your Offspring as numerous as the stars of heaven and as the sand on the seashore and your Offspring shall possess the Gate of their enemies and by your Offspring shall all the nations of the earth gain blessing for themselves because you have obeyed my voice stavra kapulu remarks it is within the explicit context of child sacrifice that Yahweh blesses Abraham the father of the biblical Israel and paradigmatic alien in a foreign land promising to make his descendants a great nation although some Scholars try to interpret the aadaa as a pmic against child sacrifice whose purpose is to legitimate the sacrificial laws that allow a substitute to take the place of a human child stavra kapulu and levenson strongly disagree after all says stavar kapulu None of the sacrific texts specifying substitution for the firstborn child mention Abraham nor allude to the AA levenson remarks Genesis 22 1-19 is frighteningly unequivocal about yahweh's ordering of a father to offer up his son as a sacrifice It Is Passing Strange to condemn child sacrifice through a narrative in which a father is richly rewarded for his willingness to carry out that very practice even though the focus of the story is Abraham's faithfulness toward Yahweh his willingness to sacrifice his own child is an essential element of the story The Very thing that demonstrates his faithfulness furthermore a more General tradition of sacrificing one's firstborn son may underly the story stavra kapulu ties the Akada to the immense importance that the sacrificial laws of Exodus and numbers place on the status of the firstborn as yahweh's portion with firstborn being defined in relation to the mother as the one who opens the womb thus Isaac is the first born of Sarah the most valuable child of Abraham's household even if ishmail was born first the ancient importance of the firstborn in Israel and similar societies is bound up with the concept of fertility which is why the sacrificial laws emphasize that the firstborn is the first child that opens the womb of the mother rather than the father's Heir a related term with essentially the same meaning is only begotten in his book on child sacrifice Heath Durell takes on several practical objections to the notion that Israelite Society could have accommodated the sacrifice of every firstborn responding to the claim that such sacrifices would have a devastating effect on the population Durell cites a study showing that ancient societies had significantly higher fertility rates and infant mortality rates than modern Western societies firstborn children would have comprised between a quarter and 17th of the children born to an average household an infant mortality was particularly high in the case of firstborn children with an infant mortality rate of 50% or even higher thus there is no demographic reason why such a society could not practice firstborn sacrifices regarding the objection that biological attachment to one's children would preclude infant sacrifice Durell cites several experts who explained that concepts of Parenthood and attitudes toward children are closely bound up with one's own time and culture the high mortality rate of ancient times would also have impacted the ways parents allowed themselves to become attached to their children at any rate none of these objections would apply any differently to Israelites than they would to other ancient NE Eastern cultures if the Phoenicians could survive and even flourish despite the practice of child sacrifice then so could the Israelites Durell also delves into the logic behind laws concerning first fruits and first born giving the first of everything to Yahweh was good not only because it was yahweh's due but because it would bestow a blessing on the remainder of the crop livestock and in extreme cases children this principle is made explicit in Proverbs 3 on a Yahweh with your wealth with the first fruits of all your Harvest and your silos will be full with plenty and your Vats will burst with wine the converse is that robbing Yahweh and enjoying the first fruits yourself would incur yahweh's wrath as we read in Jeremiah 2:3 Israel was holy to yah yahwe the first fruits of his Harvest all who ate of it were guilty evil Came Upon them an utterance of Yahweh in a society with infant mortality rates of 50% ancient Israelites would have sought any available means as Durell puts it of increasing the number of children who survived to adulthood by that gruesome calculation it would have seemed reasonable to sacrifice one child if guaranteed more in the future the goal of sacrificing one's firstborn child was not to avoid having children but on the contrary to have more of them Durell concludes if there is no real demographic impediment and there is no reason to assume that widespread infanticide is somehow absurd on its face then there is nothing a priori to militate against a literal understanding of the version of the law of the firstborn in in Exodus 2228 b29 indeed it is possible even to argue that infant sacrifices given in response to yahweh's claim to all firstborn children and animals actually demonstrates how children were strongly desired among the Israelites the story of jea's daughter is yet another story involving child sacrifice with Yahweh as the recipient you probably know the the story as well though it is not nearly as popular in Sunday school as The Binding of Isaac in judges 11 A notorious Outlaw named jeepa is asked to command the Warriors of Gilead in their war against the ammonites jeepa a Pious believer in Yahweh swears an oath that if yahe gives him victory over the ammonites in battle then he will offer up the first person to come out of his house and meet him upon his return as a burnt offering to Yahweh jeffa goes on to win a decisive victory over the ammonites but when he returns home it is his daughter who comes out the door to greet him jeffa is distraught but cannot take back his vow to Yahweh Jeff's daughter agrees to be sacrificed so long as she is first given 2 months to spend with her friends in the mountains and mourn her virginity at the end of the two months she is sacrificed by her father as promised some of the details in this story parallel those of the other sacrific passages for one thing the narrator is Keen to emphasize the daughter's important status as jea's only begotten child she was his only child he had no son or daughter except her the language regarding the burnt offering is also the same as what we read in Isaac's story stavra kapulu remarks given that both jeepa and Abraham are consistently depicted as heroic figures faithful to Yahweh it is highly significant that in neither story is the practice of child sacrifice condemned nor even remarked upon by the narrator rather it is the function of the sacrifice that appears to receive the narrator's attention both the Acca and the story of Jeff's daughter present the sacrifice of a child to Yahweh as an action bringing divine blessing stavra kapulu also points out the connection with fertility since the story emphasizes the Virgin nature of the daughter and depicts her as spending two lunar cycles weeping over her unfulfilled potential fertility durrell's assessment of the jeffa story is somewhat different citing earlier observations by The Scholar Herman gungl Walter bomgardner and Jack sassin he points out that the story of jetha follows a specific fairy tale structure stories of this kind often feature a man who promises his child to a stranger demon sorcerer or some other magical creature in return for help during a crisis the child is either his only child or his mother most beloved and the child is often specified in an indirect way such as being the first to meet him when he comes home typically it is only later that the father understands the full significance of his promise there are numerous examples of this fairy tale structure from ancient Greek literature to give just one such example in the story of idonis As Told by king idonis of cre promises to sacrifice to Neptune the first thing to meet him upon his return home if he survives a storm at sea that first thing to meet him turns out to be his son according to cus some versions of the tail end with idonis carrying out the sacrifice while in others he does not the Greek stories of meander hel Artis and aphagia are also very similar because of its apparent dependence on helenistic stories Durell puts less weight on the significance of the jeffa story nevertheless the story illustrates that for the Israelite authors who wrote and preserved this folktale the sacrifice of one's firstborn in fulfillment of an ambiguous vow was at least conceptually and theoretically possible after assessing all the biblical and extra biblical evidence stavra kapulu proposes that three different child sacrifice Cults were likely practiced in ancient Israel the first was the practice of firstborn sacrifices although it must remain speculative without archaeological corroboration it seems likely that parents in some situations would sacrifice their firstborn children to Yahweh in the hopes that they would be blessed with further children stavra kapulu writes in religious terms a large family was essential for a peaceful afterlife within the Perpetual cycle of life and death the living administered cultic to their dead ancestors to secure their blessings upon the family and to pave the way for their own inevitable role as one of the ancestors the second type of sacrifice was the practice of MLK sacrifices based on the association of these sacrifices with King ahaz and Manasseh and the fact that the semetic stem M lamid kaf can mean Royal stavra Kulu believes this sacrifice was a royal sacrifice offered by the king within the Royal Yahweh cult at Jerusalem it was a fertility ritual carried out to ensure the perpetuation of the royal Dynasty it is an interesting fact the Messianic term Sprout that is often used to describe the Heirs of the davidic monarchy in the Bible also appears in Phoenician inscriptions related to child sacrifice this ideology may be embedded in the very name of David himself which means beloved according to a myth told by The Phoenician historian San about the origins of child sacrifice Kronos who was equivalent to The Phoenician and Hebrew God L dressed his only begotten son in Royal apparel and sacrificed him on an altar in some manuscripts that son's name is yud meaning beloved in others it is y meaning only begotten the third type of child sacrifice practiced in Judah according to stavra kapulu may have been a special sacrifice made to Gods called the shim this group of gods is mentioned in the famous 8th Century balum texts found at dare Allah in Jordan which According to some reconstructions of the damaged text text describe the use of child sacrifice to prevent a supernatural Darkness from afflicting the land furthermore in Deuteronomy 32 we read the following they made him jealous with strange Gods with Abominations they provoked him they sacrificed to the shim not eloa to gods they did not know to new ones recently arrived whom your ancestors did not dread you forgot the rock who begot you you ignored L who gave you birth Yahweh is sometimes known as El Shai in the Bible and this name is undoubtedly related to the shim in some way however the meaning of Shai and the exact relationship between the shim and ancient judahite religion are riddles that remain unsolved do also recognizes three categories of child sacrifice in ancient Israel but he differs from stavra kapulu on one point in particular like stavra kapulu he recognizes the sacrifice of the firstborn as a native Israelite practice that finds support in the Bible though it's impossible to know how widespread the actual practice of firstborn sacrifices was Durell also recognizes the existence of Mulk sacrifices which he believes were incorporated into the Yahweh cult at Jerusalem at a relatively late period like the firstborn sacrifices Yahweh was certainly the recipient of these sacrifices Durell is skeptical about stavra kulu's proposal regarding the shim sacrifices and he disagrees with her reading of the balum texts rather his third category is that of sacrificing a firstborn child during times of urgent crisis he believes this is the type of sacrifice depicted in 2 Kings 3 a fascinating story in which moabit king mesha sacrifices his own son on the walls of his stronghold at kir harth as a last ditch effort to defend against the invading armies of Israel Judah and Edom the sacrifice causes Divine wrath apparently from the moabit god Kos to come upon the Israelite Coalition forcing them to retreat and saving Moab in the process although this sacrifice is performed by a foreign King on behalf of a foreign God the story demonstrates that in the mind of the biblical authors such sacrifices could indeed be efficacious furthermore Durell believes that the Oracle in Micah 6 that we have already discussed expresses the same belief in child sacrifices performed during times of distress but with Israel as the supplicant and Yahweh as the recipient we mentioned earlier that both Israelite Foundation stories involve the motif of child sacrifice the second one of course is The Exodus story and in particular the 10th plague of Egypt in which all the firstborn of Egypt are taken by God but the Israelite firstborn are spared through the substitute of lambs at some point the story becomes associated with the Passover festival and as you may have noticed by now the phrase passing over or handing over is the standard language used by the Hebrew Bible when speaking about sacrifices as a whole the 10th plague is a powerful and horrifying example of the Priestly author's understanding of the firstborn sacrifice turned into a narrative every Egyptian firstborn dies and every Israelite firstborn is Redeemed by the blood of a lamb according to a recent study by polish scholar wos Nishi Spano Josiah was the first historical character in the Old Testament to performed the Passover ritual and this Festival must have been connected with him in some key way if the story of his reforms in 2 Kings 23 21-23 is is grounded in real events Nishi Spano speculates that the Passover was Josiah's replacement for the Royal Mulk sacrifice ritual and had the same function of guaranteeing God's protection and salvation for the nation but using animal sacrifices instead of human sacrifices it was only later after the monarchy was long gone that the ritual came to be associated with The Exodus despite the horrors of child sacrifice the Passover and its ancient roots in the sacrifice of the royal firstborn continued to make its influence felt in Judaism and the offshoot Christ movement of the first century CE Christian theology openly links Jesus's death to the Passover sacrifice as the lamb that is slaughtered to save human kind however the vocabulary of ancient Israelite and Phoenician firstborn child sacrifices only begotten beloved and firstborn son still dominates the language used to describe Jesus as John vedar observes in a 2003 paper Christians still dedicate infants to God whether through baptism christening or other rights the roots of such religious beliefs and practices are very deep and very [Music] strange child sacrifice was a regrettable reality in the ancient world and its presence in the Bible ought not to surprise us although we do not know exactly when where or how often these rituals took place the foremost Scholars who have studied this topic agree that they were an accepted part of the Yahweh religion at times it is a practice about which the Bible's authors themselves disagreed some such as those who authored the sacrificial laws of Exodus 22 apparently approved Ezekiel apparently felt the need both to condemn such laws as horrifying and to defend them as something that Yahweh deemed necessary others like Jeremiah insisted that Yahweh had never commanded or entertained the idea and yet the assumption that child sacrifices can be valid and effective remains evident in stories like the aad jea's daughter King mesha's son and the theology that permeates the Christian crucifixion story

Channel: MythVision Podcast

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Keywords: MythVision, MythVision Documentary, MythVision Podcast, Bible, God, Moloch, Moloch Sacrifice, The God Moloch, Sacrifice in the Bible, Yahweh, El, Hebrew Bible, Abraham sacrifice, Jesus sacrifice, Christianity, Human sacrifice, burnt sacrifice, Ancient Israel, Canaanites, God & Moloch, Child Sacrifice In The Bible, Derek Lambert, Inquisitive Bible Reader, francesca stavrakopoulou, francesca stavrakopoulou documentary, francesca stavrakopoulou mythvision

Id: SmB-5vbTYBk

Length: 45min 28sec (2728 seconds)

Published: Sat Mar 23 2024