This video was made possible by Brilliant. Learn something new everyday at brilliant.org/HAI. So, you clicked on this video because you
want to know what the shortest-lived country in history is. And might be thinking, “well come on video
guy, just tell us the answer, don’t stretch it out to a whole video like a jerk.” Well first of all, there’s no need for name
calling. And second of all, while I’d love to just
tell you the answer, the answer is…complicated (and great for watch time.) That’s because what the shortest-lived country
is depends on what’s considered a country. For example, if I say right now—and let
me get the clock ready—“I declare this recording studio, with the consent of its
people—which is me—as the free and independent state of Halfasinteresting-stania! Aaaand, never mind! We’re dissolved”
4.2 seconds. Did I just make the shortest-lived country
ever? Well, probably not, but to be fair to Halfasinteresting-stania,
figuring out when something is a country can be a bit difficult, because it’s tough to
know when something actually is a country, and when it’s just a group of people—or
in my case, person—saying they’re a country. It’s a debate we’re seeing right now about
several states—such as Taiwan, which actually now that I think about it, never-mind. I should not have mentioned Taiwan forget
about the Taiwan thing. That’s like controversy avoidance 101. Look at this fun meme instead. So basically, there are two theories about
what makes a country, a country. One is called the constitutive theory, which
says that being a country is based on international recognition—basically a country is only
a country when other countries say it is. But how many countries have to recognize a
country for it to be…well, a country? The answer is that nobody seems quite sure
and there are some very country-seeming countries, such as South Korea, that are not recognized
by all other countries. If we consider membership in the United Nations
as the mark of real international recognition, then the shortest-lived country is the Sultanate
of Zanzibar, winner of the first annual HAI name awards, which was located here. The Zanzibar Archipelago had been a protectorate
of the British, but on December 10, 1963 was declared independent and was recognized by
the UN on December 16 as its own independent country. But only about a month later the two major
Zanzian…Zanzibaranian….Zazaminian….the two major political parties in Zanzibar came
together to overthrow the Sultan and on January 12, 1964 they declared a new nation—The
People’s Republic of Zanzibar, giving the country a total of 33 days as a UN-recognized
country. Also crazy coincidence, the Sultanate of Zanzibar
was where the shortest war in history, a 39 minute scuffle, was fought but that’s a
story for another time. But here’s a problem with the Zanzibar answer:
membership in the UN feels like a pretty high bar to be called a country—first of all,
the UN didn’t exist until 1945, so any country that was around before then couldn’t have
been in it at all. And second of all—there are plenty of places
that are at least partially recognized as countries but aren’t in the UN, like the
Vatican City, Kosovo, and Taiwan. So, maybe it doesn’t take the whole UN. Maybe it just takes one other country. If we consider one country’s formal recognition
to be enough, then the shortest-lived country is…drumroll please…the Republic of Crimea,
which existed from March 17, 2014 to March 18 of 2014. So about a day. Basically, Crimea held a referendum and declared
its independence on March 17, 2014, and Russia immediately recognized it as a sovereign nation. But then the next day, Russia annexed Crimea,
and made it part of the Russian Federation, thus ending the illustrious reign of the Republic
of Crimea about 24 hours after it began. But wait a minute, because this one is controversial. First of all, Russia was the only one to recognize
the Republic of Crimea—the UN even passed a resolution saying that the referendum declaring
independence was illegal. So….maybe not. Comment engagement is good so make sure to
leave your opinion on Crimean independence in the comments! But like I said before, the constitutive theory
is only one theory of what makes a country a country. The second is called the declarative theory. It sets out four criteria for a country: a
permanent population, a defined territory, a government, and the capacity to enter relations
with other states. According to those criteria, allow me to present
the actual shortest-lived country in history—The Russian Federative Democratic Republic. The Russian Federative Democratic Republic
was formed around noon on January 19th, 1918, when the democratically elected Russian Constituent
Assembly drafted and adopted a resolution that declared the Russian Republic was no
more and that they were now a cool new, democratic country. They had a permanent population—the people
in Russia. A defined territory—you know…Russia. A government—the Russian Constituent Assembly. And the capacity to enter relations with other
states—I mean…they could have sent letters and stuff. But then, around 6pm that same day, Vladimir
Lenin dissolved the Assembly, and formed instead the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic,
giving the Russian Federative Democratic Republic a total existence time of 6 hours. You couldn’t even finish all three Matrix
movies in that time—not that you’d want to. But before we declare it the winner, we have
one last contender to look at—Catalonia. On October 1, 2017, Catalonia held a referendum
and overwhelmingly voted to become independent from Spain. On October 10, the Catalan leader held a speech
where he declared independence, saying “I assume the mandate of the people for Catalonia
to become an independent state in the shape of a republic.” But right after that, he asked Parliament
to suspend his declaration of independence so that he could negotiate with Spain, giving
the independent nation of Catalonia a lifespan of exactly…eight seconds. This independent nation had no international
recognition but, you know, he declared it so make your own conclusion. If you start your own country, you probably
know that any good nation eventually progresses into space exploration. To build a space program, there are a few
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