Welcome to I Am Your Target Demographic. Today we’re diving into the world of Catholicism. We’re going to cover how the religion came
to be, what they believe in, and some of the supposed controversies about the religion. Let’s start at the beginning. And by the beginning, I mean the 1st century. The story of Jesus tells us of a man who was
born to a virgin mother named Mary and grew up to become an incredible role model for
the world. In religious texts like the Bible, Jesus is
the son of God and part of the holy trinity. It was his destiny to die at the hands of
the people and sacrifice himself to take onto himself the sins of the world so that anyone
who believed in him could gain entrance to heaven. After Jesus was killed, he returned to life
three days later to say his goodbyes to his loyal apostles, men who would now travel the
world and tell of these stories, as Jesus took his place at the throne of Heaven. That process of sharing the death and rebirth
of Jesus, called the gospel, continues today. The Catholic Church is the closest thing to
what the church looked like back in those ancient days, as we’ll dive into their ritual
and traditions later on. In most discussions about religion, the term
Christian will get used but it’s important to know what that means. If a Christian believes that Jesus did indeed
die for their sins, then Catholics are indeed Christians, as are other groups such as Latter-Day
Saints and Seventh Day Adventists. But back in the days following Jesus, there
was only one church of Christians, which evolved during the Roman Empire to be called the Roman
Catholic Church. There have been several splits, which is why
the Roman Catholic notation is important. The first big split came in the early 1000s,
where Greek and Latin Christians had some serious disagreements fundamentally and logistically. It’s been a thousand years remember and
the church has spread itself across the globe, so naturally things will evolve and adapt
and eventually become incongruent, so we have what is called a schism, where we get the
Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church. The other big split came later in the 1500s
and 1600s, a huge span of time called the Reformation, where the church was split again
into what are now called protestant churches, who rejected the rigidity, tradition, and
the rule of the church administration and instead focused on grace through faith alone. Again, this a complicated story involving
many years and many people who made it happen, but what you need to know is that there are
now essentially three groups of quote unquote Christians, which include the Catholics, the
Orthodox, and the Protestants. Under each, you’ll see variations but these
three big umbrellas should give you a decent understanding to move forward. So back to Catholicism, now that you understand
how it fits. It’s an incredibly long-lasting religion
and many of their ancient beliefs are still in play, so let’s dive into theology and
tradition. Catholics today believe that because of Jesus
dying on the cross, human beings have the ability to enter heaven. They exemplify this devotion by celebrating
seven sacraments, which they believe were left behind by Jesus to participate and rejoice
in. The first sacrament is baptism, the act of
devoting someone to Christ through a water ceremony. Catholics believe that everyone carries sin,
including children, and they must all be baptized to enter the kingdom of God. How do children have sin, you might ask. Because of Adam and the quote unquote original
sin, Catholics believe that everyone is born with that inherent sin and temptation. The act is interesting in that anyone can
perform a baptism, if it comes to a life or death situation. Even atheists can baptize, assuming that they
perform the act with the intent to baptize and dedicate the act to the father, the son,
and holy spirit, which is a statement called the Trinitarian baptismal formula. The second sacrament is called the Eucharist,
or commonly known as communion. If a child or an adult just becoming Catholic
completes their baptism, it’s likely followed by their first communion. Communion is the act of eating bread and wine,
which Catholics believe are actually the body and blood of Christ, transformed through an
act of a priest called transubstantiation. They perform a certain rite which makes this
food and drink become the body and blood of Christ. In other forms of Christianity, the bread
and wine merely represent the body and blood, as a symbol. Only individuals who have confessed their
sins should receive communion. We’ll talk more about confession later. The third sacrament is the last one of what
is called the sacraments of initiation, the three steps to become a member of the Catholic
Church. Confirmation. This act, as the name implies, confirms that
the person in question understands the dedication to God and is willing to devote themselves
to the church. This used to be tied to baptism and the child
would be immediately confirmed but more recently, it’s become standard for children to reach
an older age so that they understand the claim they are making when they do their first communion
and confirmation. Those three sacraments are the initiation
into the Catholic Church but the rest of the sacraments are lessons and rites passed down
by Jesus Christ that can help humans to thrive and endure on Earth. Gifts given to mankind. The first of these gifts is called penance. This act allows a human to confess their sins
to a priest and to be absolved of that sin, washed clean of it. This requires the Catholic to confess any
and all sins with a desire to not commit those sins again and it requires the priest to perform
an act of reparation to absolve this person of their sins. The priest is required to maintain secrecy
about any and all sins confessed. The next sacrament is a gift given to those
who are about to pass, called the anointing of the sick. A priest can help prepare someone old or sick
as they near death by using oils to bless their body. If they are unable to confess sins, a priest
can even forgive their sins without it. When combined with communion and penance,
the anointing is often called “the last rites,” to ensure that the sick are forgiven
before they pass. The last two sacraments are about the roles
that humans take in society and how those roles can enhance our lives. Firstly, there’s the sacrament of marriage. The Catholic Church believes that marriage
between a man and a woman is sacred and necessary. This is the only way that sexual activity
is condoned and the church disapproves of contraception use, which can be a point of
controversy. There is a method called “natural family
planning” in which a family can plan for when they have children by only having sex
during times when the woman isn’t fertile. The church also does not recognize divorce,
as marriage is a lifelong bond. Some predominantly Catholic countries don’t
even have a procedure for divorce, including the Philippines in which divorce is actually
illegal. In 2018, it’s finally up for discussion
and after this video goes live, they may eventually legalize divorce, only time will tell. The last sacrament to discuss… The Catholic Church embraces what are called
Holy Orders, which allows them to raise up members of the church into positions such
as deacons, priests, and bishops. This gives these members of the church the
ability and blessing to perform some of these other sacraments, as well as speaking and
service roles in routine ceremonies such as their regular church services called mass. Aside from nuns, these roles are exclusively
male. There is an ongoing debate over whether or
not women can be deacons, or in this case deaconesses. Why are women not allowed? If positions in the church structure are essentially
imitating god, they believe that men, who are created in god’s image, should be in
those positions. Since we’re talking about structure, this
introduces our first three positions in the church administration. All of these positions can preach and give
lessons, as well as baptizing and performing weddings. Only the priests can perform the Eucharist
sacrament, receive confessions, and anoint the sick. And only the bishops at the top can perform
this sacrament of the Holy Orders, ordaining church members to these other positions. These bishops oversee an area called a dioceses,
which is equivalent to a region. Large dioceses might be run by an archbishop,
which just signifies a high population region. Above these bishops are cardinals, which are
bishops who have been handpicked by the Pope to be a part of what is called the College
of the Cardinals. These cardinals act as bishops or archbishops
but it is also their responsibility to elect a new Pope when the time comes. Let’s talk about the Pope, since we’re
already in this far. Pope is a nickname for the bishop of Rome
and the ruler of the entire Catholic Church. Right now, Pope Francis sits in that position
and rules from the Vatican, which is a self-sovereign state located inside of Rome. When the current Pope retires or leaves the
post, the College of the Cardinals convenes to decide a new bishop to elevate. If the vote is unsuccessful, black smoke rises
from the Sistine Chapel, to signify that discussions continue. When a vote is successful, white smoke comes
from the Chapel and the world can rejoice that a new Pope has been chosen. Pope Francis has been in power since 2013
and has been generally regarded as a breath of fresh air to the rest of the world, even
showing more willingness to discuss social issues than past Popes. He’s made statements about loving those
that have come out as gay, as loving the person and not loving the sin, and showing efforts
to initiate interfaith dialogue. He’s also been a strong supporter of climate
change research and wealth equality. When he first began, he spoke openly about
how some of these issues have been neglected and he sought to bring them back to the forefront. The reception to Pope Francis has been mixed,
with a large segment of quote unquote traditionalist Catholics that want to go back to the old
customs and traditions that have been lost over time. Now back to theology and what Catholics believe. We talked about the sacraments and how to
live out a Christian lifestyle through those tenants but there’s also a large emphasis
on Mary in the Catholic Church. Mary is the virgin mother of Jesus who was
chosen by God to bear his son. By giving birth to Jesus, she is also believed
to be the spiritual mother of every member of the Catholic Church, so special attention
is paid to thanking her. This veneration is encouraged by the Church
but it’s always emphasized that it’s separate and distinct from the worship of God. The Virgin Mary appears often in art and poetry
and Catholics might make pilgrimages to some of these sites including the Virgin of Guadalupe
in Mexico City and Our Lady of Aparecida in Brazil. So let’s zoom out. Roman Catholicism is the largest sect of Christianity
in the world, with over 1 billion members. Its largest concentration comes from Latin
America, about 48% of the population. It’s one of the world’s oldest and still
active religions so it’s no doubt that there have been controversies along the road that
have brought the church under scrutiny. One of the largest was featured in the 2015
Academy Award-winning film Spotlight, which was based on a massive series of sexual assault
cases that came to light involving Catholic clergymembers and some non-Christlike behavior. You’d think a movie focused on this would
be received negatively from the church, but it was actually the opposite. Key members of the church called it fairly
accurate but they did say that the movie didn’t emphasize the way that the church has reformed
since those incidents. Overall though, members of the church have
been receptive to the movie, even though the actual incidents might be difficult to discuss. Thanks for watching our video on Catholicism,
if this was interesting, make sure to give us a like, subscribe. Head down to the comments and tell me what
other religions you'd be interested in getting a refresher like this on. So tell me all about that, check out our other
religion video on Scientology, then check out our other playlist of other topics that
you might be interested in learning about, if you're unfamiliar. Thanks for watching!
