What if Everyone Punched the Earth at Once? | Office Hours Podcast #001

what would happen if we punched planet Earth I mean all of us at once we all got together in one place around 7 billion of us and we all punched planet Earth I got this question on Twitter and I know it's analogous to another question a colleague of mine has answered Vsauce but I wanted to tackle this one because I thought it was very interesting what if we got everyone together and we punched the earth all at once well how many of us are there that's where you would start right there around 7 billion humans on the planet Earth it's probably too many and the average punching force of a person is harder to come up with than you may expect so why don't we go to the value of the most punchy Ahsan the planet that we know of so far heavyweight boxers now a good value for the punching power of a heavyweight boxer is around a thousand pounds force which is quite a lot now if we take that thousand pounds force times seven billion people we would add the nine zeroes to the three zeroes of a thousand pounds force and we get about seven trillion pounds of force now that sounds like a lot but remember what the planet earth is doing right now it is tumbling through space with an incredible amount of momentum it has a lot of mass and has a lot of velocity so if we all got on one side of the earth perhaps in the direction opposite that it is orbiting the Sun what would it actually do well you can do this with a very simple force equals mass times acceleration equation let's isolate everyone's fist punching against the planet Earth what would it do in terms of acceleration to the planet well why don't we take the mass of Earth and we divide the force that we just found seven trillion pounds of force we divide that force by the mass to get the acceleration F equals MA and if we do that I get a value in terms of G's of about well 1 times 10 to the negative 10 or 11 so a trillionth almost of a G this is almost nothing this is pretty close to the smallest possible acceleration we have ever measured in the lab practically speaking this would do nothing even though it sounds impressive the earth is not a rigid sphere and in these physics problems and equations we consider the earth like a rigid sphere but the earth is not a rigid sphere it is a squishy squishy so if we were all to punch the earth at once the earth would deform in such a way that it probably wouldn't have any real effect on the planet at all however we are talking about a planetary scale here what if we drop back down to the human scale all of this force if you take the force and you multiply it by a stopping distance let's say that you can punch into the ground about half the distance of your fist it's a stopping distance all that force coming to a stop within maybe an inch inch-and-a-half now if that's the case you can equate this using the work energy equation and you find that the amount of energy all these people will be punching the earth at once with is equivalent to about a1 of sorry oh it's live about a 4.7 magnitude earthquake so while the earth may not change very much at all I feel like the people in this area would certainly feel it and not just feel it underneath their feet there probably be many broken hands and then think about the humanitarian disaster this would be 7 billion people in a very small area many with broken hands no medical equipment there's not enough transportation to get them out to the surrounding hospitals the surrounding hospitals in the near area are absolutely flooded by people shocking the healthcare system into absolute collapse in the in the area and then they've got to be followed soon after if everyone punched the earth at once I think it would be an absolute catastrophe hello and welcome to something new that I am trying I'm calling this office hours it's kind of like a Oh podcasts that I want to do we are all I'm locked down in the facility right now and I thought maybe I could try to simulate something that I always enjoyed when I was a student office hours so when I was having a problem when I was having a problem in class or I was I wanted more curiosity something to satiate my curiosity I would go to my professors office hours a lot of people didn't take advantage of that but I ended up being becoming friends with many of my professors and those relationships have lasted and I learned many new things and I I was able to stretch out my educational experience beyond just normal class hours so I want to try to do something like that for all of you if I can at all so this will be office hours we will be going through a number of pre-selected topics in kind of a podcast II way but I will also be taking all of your questions from the chat and yes we have the technology to do that kind of thing I'm monitoring chat right now and chat is live obviously we already talked about punching the planet a little later on I want to talk about why it feels like time is stretching out right now during this period why it feels to us as though time marks lasted like ten marches why well there's some psychology behind that in my colleague here Nessie Hill has some no relation has some good good psychological advice on that and I want to talk about the anniversary of the first person to orbit the planet Earth Yuri Gagarin but like I said let's go to the chat the chat is happening live right now I may or may not be semi-transparent that's a side effect of a couple of things that I'm experimenting with in the facility has nothing to do with personal invisibility or anything like that so let's go to the chat right now and answer some of your questions before we get into things do we have the technology to do that do we have to tick so let's that's we already talked about that one sec okay so we are going to the Chad here it's it's it's all here baby will this podcast be on Spotify I am doing this as kind of a test case I want to see if this is going to be good as a format something I want to continue doing so no plans to have it on on podcast apps right now I know I'm calling it a podcast but it's more like a video podcast I want to try it out right now I know I'm streaming I would love to try to do something analogous to twitch streaming but for science Jonathon 365 asks do you like your new way of making videos I love the facility I love the the Canon the world building it affords me to do interesting things from inside of this place to come up with my own stories and to kind of flesh out a more narrative inclusionary science communication I think that was when you look around at really successful businesses and and operations and and community driven things like like this I think a lot of it has to do with world building and narrative and that's what I get to do with the facility and me and my staff are doing that each and every day on the patreon and on the disk or there's like 600 people that I'm talking with in our private chat rooms every day it's it's Apple it's absolutely fantastic yeah my question Jake Anderson says my question is how are you I'm pretty good I'm very lucky in that my job affords me to the ability to stay home right now I know a lot of people a lot of essential workers do not have the ability to stay home right now so of course ponytails off to all of them I mean hats sorry hats off to all them but I'm very lucky that I get to be in here doing this kind of thing right now so my my my life hasn't really changed all that much someone just mentioned Tom Scot I would love to do a collaboration with Tom Scott I feel bad because I only just kind of discovered him but he's an absolutely fantastic science communicator I would love to do something with him what else let's talk about so let me just let me just get this right out there I won't be talking about anything because science related because science was something that I did for a number of years I'm very proud of the work that I did there and now I'm doing something different and well we'll leave it at that and if you're wondering here in the facility I am the administrator of the facility so I am running directing producing researching writing everything myself by myself all the time sorry I'm just looking at questions my wife would like to know if you're staying hydrated you know I am Kyle asked would you consider playing D&D or something like that or you know it's something I've never played D&D I feel like I'd be fine at it and I would like doing it but I always wanted to do I want to do a full Episode on the bag of holding and how it can have this interior volume that's bigger than its exterior appearance of volume and how long it would take a creature to actually suffocate in there I actually did the math on that so Brandon Dietrich asked do I enjoy my job I am NOT a spiritual person I am NOT a kind of religious person but I would say that I think I'm pretty good at science communication and if there was any truth behind like you're meant to do something I feel like I'm meant to do science communication so I very much like to do my job so I'm gonna go back to labs here oh you guys all of you so now let's move on to our we'll get back to your chat we'll get back to you in a in a second let's move on right now we're broadcasting wait let me just is the monitor working all right I mean all the yeah I mean all the wires seem like they're in the right place back here perfect so why does time feel like it's spreading out so much right now why does why does every day why do you why do we why are we feeling the loss of time I I wake up almost every day asking like what wait what day is it like what week is it what time is it and my friend and colleague Vanessa hill over on the brain correct no relation over on the braincraft channel from PBS Digital pseudo studio she works with a physics girl it's okay to be smart she has a fantastic new video on this I recommend that you watch it but she goes through the psychology of how time feels like it's stretching out during events like this and I won't summarize her whole video that's what her video is for but there are a few key things to keep in mind one of them is that the perception of time passing is somehow wired into our brains to be correlated with the the salience of events how how much we feel those events and how much they affect us so right now it's scary out there new things novel things are happening every day and we are paying you know almost minute by minute attention to all of the latest updates and you know what's going on in the rest of the world and because of this every moment where we're ascribing more and more emotional salience more emotional data if you will to every passing moment and when this happens when we go back in our memories we tend to feel as though time is stretching out that each moment has more informational content but that is an illusion it's an illusion because in reality time isn't passing slower and Vanessa gets to of course time isn't passing slower we're not traveling at the speed of light or anything but Vanessa mentions a number of cool psychological experiments to get at this perception of time so scientists took people basically bungee jumping without the bungee jump part without the rope part they have a giant safety net underneath them and what they did was strap watches to these people and they said we're gonna drop you backwards like a hundred feet down into a safety net and we want you to watch your watch as best as possible and describe how much time you feel has passed and so there was this prevailing notion in psychology that when something dangerous when something important when something adrenaline rushing happens our brains slow down time our perception our breadth of perception increases as though our the frame rate of the world is an Racing but what they found was basically people's perception of time was equivalent whether or not they were looking at a watch not dropping or they were dropping so this kind of got this got away from this idea that our brains slow down perception was something scary or dangerous was happening so what they found was this emotional salience so when you think back on an event that was scary or life-changing or novel or new you tend to you tend to thumbtack more bits of data to that because it's new scary emotionally you tend to attack bits of data and then when you go back and recall that information your brain is interpreting more data as more time which I guess makes sense evolutionarily it's like you were experiencing moths seems like more experience happened here it probably happened over a longer time that's not a bad evolutionary trait to have but consider this difference between something like driving down the highway you know driving to school or to work for the thousandth time the 500th time you almost can't even remember driving to work once you've got out of the car and that's because the car the drive no longer has this salience it's no longer important you can almost do it on autopilot and you can for real if you drive a Tesla but you can do it on like conscious autopilot where you're not even really conscious of what you're doing you're thinking about other things and driving but if suddenly a car accident happened in front of you this is something very new very salient to your experience very emotional very scary and then it can seem like time is slowing down and so that is what a Vanessa and what psychologists would would probably say is happening right now every day feels like it's it's elongating or in beginning if you will because every day has something new has something scary is something emotional happening you probably know people in your lives or you know people that know people that are being affected directly by this or having loved ones affected directly by this so time is stretching out but it's an illusion I know people in the chat we've been saying like dude it's been 115 for like 15 or 30 minutes no I absolutely understand so let's get back to the chant what's what's everyone saying Robbie Rose says it's kind of like vats from fallout yeah I guess I could see an analogy where you're you're putting so much mental focus on something and it seems like time is slowing down I can see that what else does the chant have to say get bolt says when you're listening to podcast like this might be one day podcasts make it seem like time can stretch out when you're doing something that you've done for a long long time like driving a car or something like that when you NPR for example National Public Radio has has kind of trademarked or branded these moments as the stay in the driveway or the driveway moments and I'm sure you've had these when you've been listening to a fantastic podcast or radio show or what have you you know this American life and you've gotten home but you've stayed in your car and you're listening in the driveway because you can't stop this is one of those instances where you feel like time is extending a little bit because it's something new something remarkable James wake says yeah kind of like slo-mo and dread if you haven't seen the new dread I watch the new dread ins like 2012 but I watch the new dread like once a month man man is that movie fantastic I absolutely love it hey science Fabio prisoner says what about a Hollow Earth like in the TV show sanctuary well prisoner two four six zero one two four six that one I would point you to a recent episode that we did at the facility about Ken hollow planets exist there you go Edie Garr cm is spamming the chat saying explain capsule corpse so this is of similar to what I've talked about before in terms of capturing pokemons so if you're not familiar and Dragon Ball Z they have a capsule corporation and they have made billions upon billions of dollars by figuring out how figuring out how to shrink large objects put them in little capsules and then you can resize them later just by hitting the top of the capsule as if you were Sonic at the end of Green Hill Zone one so how so how physics would say this might be possible even though it's not practically possible would be to decrease the distance between an electron in the nucleus of the atom so electrons spin around the nucleus of an atom and they they're not really single centralized like little balls it's more like a cloud of probability of where an electron might be but if you could theoretically decrease the distance at which this cloud was orbiting because objects are solid and because objects don't pass through each other because of the electrical repulsion from these surface electrons on atoms then theoretically if you could shrink the orbital distance then materials as a whole could come closer together because the electrical repulsion is dependent on where these electrons are so if you did that by some factor you could shrink some object by a factor of ten a hundred a million or what-have-you and then you could get it down to fit in a capsule how you would do that bombarding stuff with muons to make electrons heavier to get them to orbit closer because that's how you know momentum work momentum conservation of momentum works but that's all incredibly just theoretical and not practical yeah rune one two three five eight says yeah that would mess up a lot of stuff yeah the human body and this relates to ant-man quite a bit but the human body right now I am because I'm a hot boy I am radiating about a hundred watts of body heat this is dependent on my surface area as well right so I can only radiate out heat depending on how much of my body is being shown to the environment to radiate outwards if I suddenly shrunk down to size of an ant for example then I'm radiating the same amount of body heat on one thousandth one millionth of the surface area and so I would overheat very very quickly I'd probably boil alive in my own suit but I didn't don't tell Paul Rudd that how does the TARDIS work no idea I mean it would be some some folding of space and time happening that's weird time you why me you know whatever unless we got in the chat going on hmm could you reach the point where a let wane gaming ask could you reach the point where electrons don't move and then squeeze them together closer I think that's less of a problem I think what you're what you're interpreting there is actually temperature so temperature is the bouncing around of material up the bouncing around of particles and then when it hits something basically the energy of the impact the kinetic energy of particles is what we call temperature so if you had a number if you had a gas in a box and you heat it up that gas the particles would be moving faster and hit the edges of the bat the box more often and harder and it would heat up the edges of the box relatively speaking because of energy transfer between these little collisions it's trillions of little collisions and this heats the box up now if you slowed everything down to absolute zero you still have quantum jiggling you always got quantum jiggling always got the jelly but more or less there's no temperature this would still have the electrons at some distance and I I don't know to answer your question fully I don't know what would happen you know that for most substances when they freeze their volume contracts so solids are the most compact and then liquids are less so and then gases are the least so that's not true for all materials for example water the reason why we can live the reasons why o sh ins can sustain life through the wintertime is because ice actually expands a little bit when you freeze it and so it floats on the surface of water because of the difference in density so not all materials do that but yeah I think I think decreasing electron distance with the atom the Bohr radius if you want to look it up would be a closer way at getting at ant-man style shrinking something Oscar Martinez because I have to says what's your favorite new magic card from the new sets I'm one of the pre con commanders Cala max my boy Cala max it's like a Stegosaurus that copies instance and sorceries Gesine since he looks fantastic to me that that's enough what's the name Nick Suarez asked what's the name of this little guy on my desk well I only know it as specimen 246 but if I hadn't hey hey what you doing back there what's it doing up there ah man if I had to name it I don't know I can't speak its language we're working on that though we're working on that okay Ross King points out where I just said a bunch of jiggling and that was a those Fineman and I actually watched a full documentary about Richard Fineman last night so I'm feeling very Fineman esque isn't it yeah I mean I can't do a New York accent like he has but I love the way he'd explained things you see and he talked about it's quite fun to imagine why you slip on the ice what what is it that's slipping against against each other well we're told that because ice expands when it's frozen that when you're pressing down on the ice or something like an ice skate that pressure reverses the process it goes back to water gives you a little bit of a slipping surface it's fun to imagine he's fantastic man in actual genius I'm not gonna call him no I'm not gonna Professor drew no Chong kita is not current my cat Chong kita is not currently in the facility I I mean there's a lot of air ducts but I barred the doors this time so she can't physically push the door open to get in here peanut Mariposa I believe just said something about this the the pandemic that's currently going on so I think I think people need to realize that this is not going to be a one and done thing the way that these kinds of illnesses work this is going to be closer to the flu it's probably going to be seasonal which is to say that even if we perfectly socially distance right now probably in the winter probably in spring we're going to see another wave of this comeback even if there's vaccines it's gonna be closer to the flu what is so heartbreaking about this is that epidemia epidemiologically speaking if we could all not see any of us like if we could all perfectly socially distance not coming to a contact with another human being for three weeks or there abouts this disease would die and be eradicated crazy right crazy to think about if every human being on the earth can right now perfectly socially distance this disease would die in three weeks and it'd be fine but we can't it's necessary for human functioning for human society right now for us to be in contact with other people at least a little bit and so that's kind of the heartbreaking point point I want to make is that the science says like this is a good way of dealing with this but because we're human beings we can't only deal with it that way it's kind of yeah so this is probably gonna be a seasonal thing yearly might need to get a yearly vaccine for it and social distancing is weak is going to be woven into the fabric of our lives really I mean this is something where it's like we should oh it's you know it's this time of year it's time to practice social distancing every year it might change how we eat how we learn how we teach how we work this is this is pointing out a lot of areas in society where we need to have where we wanted to ask these questions for a long time but this is forcing us to ask those questions what is an essential job can people work from home for what you're talking about so yeah it's it's it's it's something Alvaro de Hoyos asked why is your mug on your desk so small that's a we have big people here at the facility that's not mine this is my mug and it's appropriately sized but that mug is for I'd like to pay I like to play a joke on some of the facility staff members sometimes I mean we've kind of gotten at that capsule Court Corp technology a little bit here at the facility so I like to shrink random things for some of my professors and leave it on their desk and try to make them imagine that they're turning into Giants just to freak them out when they come back into their office like something is wrong am i huge now yeah it's a fate I'm a fun boss it's a fun thing that we that we do Nathan s asked can I have a hug no even if we weren't social distance doesn't sing if you know me you know that don't touch me don't touch me that's why I don't go to conventions anymore too much touching me without asking so we're almost at the halfway ish point you know I but I'm having fun let's keep a manager I haven't dropped single frame I'm new to the streaming thing I think I mean pretty pretty decent let me just check them monitor here the Spirit Bomb asks will this episode be available later yes this is going to go up right on the YouTube channel right after this so if you missed any of it we can talk about it later lion of hai park ass I don't have a question I just want to congratulate you on the new show in the new format thank you this is I I can't say I can't say too much but this has been a labor of love and I'm really happy with it turn with how it turned out with the style with the design I mean look how look how quickly the contractors put you know all this up and it's and you know it's fantastic I'm very happy where we are right now and how I get to talk directly with you in this kind of way we haven't done this kind of thing before yeah Nick Piven asks the amazing question why are there x-rays Nick Pippin come on what's what are those x-rays well if you look close I'm trying to figure out where the facehugger the hugging part goes and that's a sonogram it gets pretty rough in here sometimes bull WIC one of the professor emeritus at my facility asks how important do you think ethics are in scientific discovery I mean we wouldn't have science in the way that we would without ethics I mean there's this I mean III I will say it's it's not like it's not alluring I mean and this is the premise of like games like Bioshock and you know I'm Randian kind of philosophy where if science didn't have any ethics we could do so many more experiments and terrible experiments and treat people like test subjects without their approval and we could learn a lot of things that is true I mean we we could take two babies and raise one in a chamber you know that has secondhand smoke for ten years and raised them together and see what happens we could do that kind of thing and we probably would learn a lot about what smoking does to human physiology but we started doing things like that it's a slippery slope right because all that jiggling but it but it's a slip every slope and we would erode the social contract that science and scientists have with the public where it's less trusted it's more it would be more conspiratorial what are they gonna do who are they testing on what's happening ethics is not just the fabric of society it's a fabric of science and how we do science and I I think we would have less trust in science and scientists if you knew they that ethics was not a problem if you didn't have a theory of mind for scientists knowing how they would treat you treat you the way they want to be treated you know so a lot of things break down when you don't have ethics in the mix emanuel sister ernest s i'm pronouncing everything with kind of a latin flair to it will Tuesday's be a question and answer days well I mean if you I want to see how this does right now I'm enjoying I'm enjoying what we're doing here during the stream we have about as many people as as I had back during other live-streaming times so I would I would say that yeah I mean we could make Tuesday live from the facility day and I'd love to do that I'd like to do this weekly with all of you so if you are all if you are down for that let me know in the comments like this video share this video the better it does the more likely I am to do it that is just that's just the situation now because science was a thing that I was I was doing and regardless of well anyway I would like to make this new content that I would do weekly and it would be important to all of you that's what that's what I want Quinn Castilla as what happened to discount thore are you talking about baby hmm right here although I'm more of a science geralt these days which I kind of like yeah could you connect could you connect the moon to Earth by a rope I mean theoretically yes there is some force you could attach the earth to the moon with and it would the tension force there there is an answer that question and we've asked this question with something like with a concept like a space elevator how strong would cable need to be to attach an elevator to the end of it and use the centrifugal force of earth to tension that make it so you can go up and down in the space elevator this would be a space elevator to the moon I suppose but we can do that math right now and I have before and I might do an episode on it but right now there's no known material that could withstand that stress even many many many many cables of carbon nanotubes in a macro structure built up into this giant thick cable still not strong enough so right now there's even the strongest materials in the best configuration would not account for the forces involved so now right now maybe I can do that hey I probably should turn on slow mode in the chat but I don't I I got a lot of buttons and doodads here and checking on the monitor cables right now so I'll do that next time but never now oh yeah Shane Riley hey Shane Riley asked what about a cure for dementia I only ask because my dad suffers from dementia well first of all I'm incredibly sorry I know how difficult that can be and it's it's terrifying I can't imagine I mean the idea of losing yourself is is one of the worst things I can think of so let's everyone I mean hearts and go out too we don't we don't have a cure for it we don't fully understand it and I'm not a breast of the research I know there's a lot of inroads being made dementia Alzheimer's related neurological conditions but I'm not a breast the research what I what I what I do want to say I guess is just I acknowledge how how how rough that probably is for you and I'm and I'm sorry but I don't know Christopher Russell says toss a coin to your geek this is his facility this is his facility I can't actually sing it or else L I'll get D monetize yeah Oscar marked Oscar Martinez ass again another question what are your thoughts on doing like science e Let's Plays like subnautica or FTL or something like that I would love to there's actually if you go to my patreon right now it's patreon.com slash Kyle Hill I have just because being the administrator here I am fully on the line in funding this entire operation so right now we have a goal where if we reach a certain amount of of members in the staff in the facility I would like to start a twitch channel where we could combine this format with a live streaming format I'd love to do this with y'all for hours where we could go and just start doing gameplay interspersed with talking to the chat that's something we could definitely do Magnus Simonson I apologize if I didn't say that Craig is it possible there's stronger materials in the universe that we don't know anything about yes it's absolutely possible I mean there's even theoretically possible materials that are stronger than something like carbon nanotubes where you're getting down to like fundamentally the strength of atomic bonds in between in between all the atoms in some structure and we kind of got at this in the Hollow Earth episode where I was saying that to sustain a shelf or a shell to be rigid and not collapse inward on itself like a Dyson Sphere would around a Sun if it wasn't strong enough it would have to be stronger than ordinary matter like there's forces that would overcome just the inter atomic bonds of a material like it would just it would just obliterate itself so there probably are stronger materials and something like carbon nanotubes and we haven't discovered yet that's that's absolutely possible yeah let me just let me just point out real quick while we're while we're doing this if you're spamming the chat if you're saying anything you know offensive or anything like that it will be it instant ban and removal I am not literally iron-fisted but I am iron-fisted when it comes to community if you're being intentionally crappy if you're making people feel weird this is this is my building you can get out and I that's it no second chances so everyone be everyone be nice in there no I don't think pickle rickum would be a material so let's move on a little bit I want to go and talk about this young man this young man he's a handsome guy isn't he so this is a I guess we're kind of looking right at each other this is Yuri Gagarin he is known most famously of course as the first person to orbit the planet Earth and I think two days ago yesterday I don't even what day is it but this was at least around the country they celebrate Yuri's Night lots of space organizations celebrate Yuri's Night as it was the anniversary of the first human to orbit the planet Earth and I just I don't have a whole lot to say about this this young man other than he was he was incredibly courageous to do this kind of thing to to get up in a rocket and basically sit on top of a controlled explosion and then orbit the planet at kilometers per second where he was going so fast in his capsule that his capsule if you're American or you'd like soccer his capsule could cross an American soccer field or Americans on a soccer field or an American football field before a bullet fired from a nine-millimeter handgun a 9-millimeter bullet he could cross that field in his capsule before the bullet reached like the five-yard line so to sit atop a controlled explosion then fling yourself around six trillion trillion kilograms of mostly rock and a little bit of human biofilm around it was very very courageous he was it was his only spaceflight he was training to do another spaceflight when he was unfortunately killed during a test flight a couple weeks later or a couple months later but cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin Wow I if I had the opportunity to go to space I think I would absolutely take it but would I put myself in his position I honestly don't know if I if I would have the guts I mean this is why you get this is why you get the expression you know the right stuff when it comes to astronauts you have to be a certain kind of person I mean it makes me think of commander Chris Hadfield who told the Canadian ISS commander who I'm sure you all are familiar with nice guy with a mustache but it reminds me of this story that he told where he was trying to keep cool under pressure and that's what these men and women are so good at being so trained and so smart and so clever that under extreme adversity they can still pull off something amazing so I believe commander Hadfield was out on a spacewalk and something got in his eye was it soap or like a fleck of dust or anything something something like that anyway something got in his eye and because of that his eyes started tearing up and as you may have seen from some of these videos surface tension of water and the lack of gravity is enough such that the tears will pool over your eye as if the as if you were laying down and the tears were creating a little pool inside of your eye that's what happened because in because of microgravity so the tears didn't run down his face so now he has pools of water over his eyes and he is a he is functionally blind on a spacewalk where if he misses a tether or something like that he's floating out in the void never to return and to have a terrible demise but he remembered his training he remembered what to do and he was able to calmly and coolly communicate with with the ground with his team and finish what he needed to do I forget exactly how he got the fluid out of his eye but think of yourself in that position for a second where you something is pulling over your eye you are in one of the you are in maybe the most dangerous position that a human can be in and then you can't touch your face you have a giant visor over it and bulky gloves you can't touch if you want it touch your face get something out of the one of the most sensitive parts of your body but you can't and you have to stay cool and calm or else you are going to die in crow yo yeah Scott wolf points out was it was the anti fogging stuff and his visor but that was what a story music Hernandez asks what is this about this is office hours a livestream slash podcast where I come from the sill from the facility to talk to you about this week in science science II things I also talked to you in the chat I'm just a science guy you know I'm not a PhD I'm not a working scientist but I run an entire facility where all we do is think about nerdy things and make content for you so if you have a question for me music it's kind of a nice name huh you can put it in the chat and maybe I will get to it yeah Derek Casagrande a frequent comment er on everything that I've ever done ya know some and being in space no sight no sound no real sense of what is up what is down that sounds like hell man J animate says I would break the glass no you wouldn't first of all I bet you couldn't actually uh there was something fantastic in the in the expanse I believe if it wasn't the expanse than it was lost in space either or both pretty good space shows they got something in their visor and they lifted up their visor to get it out while in space and then they closed it again and that because of Hollywood that seems like Oh wouldn't that be insta death when you're you know your eyes pop out and you'd be you know all like Total Recall I give these people a know if you breathe it out before opening your visor you want to do that because the differential pressure inside of your lungs like 15 pounds per square inch and 0 pounds per square inch in the void if you hold your breath then expose yourself to vacuum your lungs will the air in your lungs will force its way out of your mouth and it will do so so quickly that it will freeze your tongue in your Airways and your lungs and it will damage them and it might rupture your a viola and you might die so breathe out if you're about to go in a vacuum but if you need to get something out of your visor breathe out repress your eyes it's theoretically possible if not extremely dangerous oh it wasn't the expansive season one people are Tommy yeah I mean have I not said how amazing the expanse is enough it's just it's the most accurate show on television and it's it's actually it's absolutely fascinating yeah people are saying lost in space as a quality show it is a quality show I actually I met the creator of it the of the new one on a plane and I was talking with him about doing stuff with it there they're all incredibly nice and interesting people is is OG MB jumps hoops ya matter beam was in the chat earlier og matter beam yeah I'm always talking about this expanse and yes it was a fine Arnold impression how dare you let's go back to chat Abdur ask Kyle is there going to be a footnotes well like I said before I was doing because science and now I'm doing this so if there is a B if there is a footnote C thing it won't be exactly like that right now I'm trying to combine basically my reactions to you and the chaffed and things I want to talk about in science that are interesting to me like punching planets and Yuri Gagarin into what we're doing right now this is already much longer than previous live streams or episodes like that so this will be up on the channel afterwards if you want to go and look at it later basta asked is Star Wars realistic know what it's not like physics realistic but what Star Wars really gets right and what I think is the staying power of it is how lived in Star Wars feels so you know the set designers the producers they all had a fantastic idea of what star war should look like it should look grungy it should look a grungy and worked and lived in and the materials should look like they've been used and things should look old like they've been in this in this galaxy for a while and that's what Star Wars really really gets right where some some sci-fi shows I think can look too pristine where everything looks like this is the future and it's all chrome everything's gonna be chrome in the future you just wait and we're all gonna have high waisted pants and no colors on our shirts and we're all gonna wear white and we're gonna be kind of androgynous you know I think what Star Wars showed was that there could be many different kinds of futures and and that was a cool one that stuck with us in our public consciousness for a long long long long time Steve gesture asked my seven-year-old son and I love watching you much better than science from other sources thank you Steve and hello to your son you know I don't I don't do all this you know let me show my mother it's fine there was a wire cross I don't just do this for fun this is a lot of hard work it's hard to try to be entertaining and accurate in real time especially in videos that take me weeks to write and so if any of you have ever told me about sharing stuff in class or with children that is aside from just being generally informative and entertaining that is really really special to me so thank you for sharing that with me Steve someone's got to change the world someone's got a someone's got to come up with the next thing and it's not gonna be I mean it's not gonna be me I'm too old I'm not a hundred [Music] where else is she I have to say I'm gonna read it right off the monitor here right off this this monitor Edward Lott says here looking great were you in any doubt my man come on I mean it might be quarantined but I'm still maintaining all real I'm not gonna pronounce your name correctly but oh really orielle damn ask could we make a planet from packed snow with something special happen well a snow is an interesting building material obviously it works to make a glues and and things like that or if you ever made like a snow tunnel as a kid it's interesting as a material because it's solid you can mold it's very ductile pliable and the cool thing about it is because because there's so many air pockets when you try to pack snow together that snow tends to be packed snow tends to be a great insulator that's why it glues work in the first place because they can hold a lot of heat even though it's very cold it's very cold outside it can still retain heat because it doesn't transfer it to the outside through its surface area very well because the air inside of the snow is a good insulator but when you have a lot of snow remember when we're talking about the compression that can happen from footsteps or an ice skate to compress the snow back into water because it was expanded into ice before and it would compress itself you and generate some heat and then for MEK anyone remember that at a certain height of snow if you have bricks of snow say you're trying to build a building just the weight of that snow on the bottom missed brick will eventually have enough pressure enough enough force per square area of the building to caused that compression to happen and it would have melt so there is a finite height and depth and all of this that you could build something out of pack snow because it would eventually melt at the bottom where the pressure would just be to much every building material has this I believe someone calculated for Legos once whereas like a mile high you could have Legos like a mile high before the bottom Lego would would start to squish Syntex phi asks how long do you think it would be before we have our first working nuclear fission reactor fusion reactor rather providing power to civilian homes I think we're still quite a ways away from fusion power I mean there are interesting places if you watch my fallout video where we went to the largest laser lab in the world they are trying to create many fusion reactions and they're doing so but they're not getting more energy out than they're putting in that is the Holy Grail so you start a fusion reaction and get more energy out of it than you put in and you get an immense amount of energy out of it if we solved nuclear fission nuclear fusion rather you know slamming together two isotopes of hydrogen for example and getting a lot of energy relatively speaking out out of it we would have unlimited energy basically and one of the one of the analogies they told me and that I like to tell the people is that you can get so imagine I took all of the water inside of this inside of this thermos and I used all the hydrogen in it in a fusion reactor this water would be just this cup of water would be equivalent in energy to an entire train load of coal just this cup so if we had fusion reactors on the cheap and they were successful and all that it would solve the energy problem simple as that but I think we're very very far out from this I mean nuclear reactors are big enough nuclear fission reactors are big enough rather now if the largest laser lab in the world creating mini fusion reactions that don't even produce excess energy is the size of three football fields so while rapid progress could happen in these fields I is it is it even in our lifetimes I don't know but it seems it seems like decades new president says new sub here well I'm very happy to have you you should check out the other episodes on this channel every week hopefully if you all like this I will be doing office hours where you can ask me anything we can talk about a number of fun things happening in the world of science I mean we can even talk about punch of planets and stuff but go back to the channel and subscribe become part of the facility oh and the nerdy nerdy miss never stops right now in our discord specifically we are talking about everything like I'm in I'm in the discord like 10 hours a day talking directly with you doesn't just stop here Abdo er asked would you bring a matter beam in front of the camera I I don't control him or they I don't control that entity matter beam is someone I know online and they are one of the smartest people I've ever interacted with online they run their own discord their own blog their own everything and they actually work for other sciency people already helping them out so also we're not also just socially distancing no that's not no no what no one's gonna come here although I might I might tell a prett if I check the wires back yeah I think yeah I could tell a presence with someone through this setup that I got going on here yeah alright yeah I could tell a presence someone in try get Adam Savage on the line he's a nice guy alpha wolves ask a question that I've been getting a lot who says do to quarantine do you think will have environmental improvements due to less human activity now I've been asked this question so much that I think I could do something on it but I you know I don't know quite enough I haven't researched it but as far as I understand it right now their reductions year-over-year in terms of like carbon emissions if you look at New York or Los Angeles or what-have-you right now based on this same time last year the reduction in emissions has been like 30 to 50 percent absolutely incredible so yes there have been short term benefits from benefits from quarantine if you're looking at carbon emissions as a benefit however it is very important to understand that the the environment the atmosphere is a massive unbelievably complicated system and trying to steer the course of the environment the atmosphere is like trying to steer the largest ship imaginable where you can turn the wheel very quickly very hard but you might not see the ship do anything or it takes a long time to do something so right now we're seeing the effects of pollution from the Industrial Revolution we haven't even seen the worst effects it takes that long for the environment and the atmosphere to ingest the changes for a matter speaking and present them to us so one month worth of even you know 50% reduction one month is not enough time to steer the ship and if we do feel something from it it's not going to be for a while so I mean this this whole situation kind of makes you think in somewhat dire ways about what we're gonna do about climate change because if we can if we're having problems just socially distancing ourselves and this is a months-long problem or a year 18 months long problem before we have vaccines and antivirals imagine how we're gonna react when climate change it's really bad for a long time I don't know well humanity step up it's possible Gustavo it's also not possible it's possible that we might fail Gustavo calejo ass Kyle your new channel reminds me a lot of Beakman's world where's the giant rat guy that's exactly so when I wanted to create a new environment when I returned to the facility as an administrator I kind of I had a lot of inspirations in my head from original Bill Nye the Science Guy show to Beakman's world to Mystery Science Theater 3000 and I want to bring a lot of the influences that I've always liked but I've never been able to put into my own work I wanted to start to do that kind of thing now with characters and environments and little story bits here and there so thank you for noticing that's that's kind of what I like yeah Holden Pope asked discord question mark yes if you join the facility through our patreon page at patreon.com slash Kyle I'll link in the description at a certain tier we have our discord we're like 600 or so people across dozens of channels are talking with each other 24/7 nerding out about stuff showing pictures of their pets giving me episode ideas creating their own cannon it's been it's been really really fun sorry for not talking for a second I'm just looking at the chat getting pretty close to the end of our first our first podcast here there we go jaybo fun time in the chat one of our security staff members has a link in the chat if you want to join us but let's go with maybe one or two more questions Beedrill 15s Arya what is Arya stand for indeed that information has not been revealed yet Kate Easter Starling at Katie Starling asked if the human population has to move to a new planet do you think it's possible there's many levels of what you mean by possible right is it is it technologically possible we have rockets that can transport people to Mars theoretically do we have habitats that consist habitats do we have habitats that can sustain people long-term on something like the Moon or Mars possible maybe maybe in you know a decade or a couple years if Elon Musk gets his way now think of it practically it takes millions and millions of dollars just to launch you know payloads non-human payloads into orbit and even if you're launching human payloads it's what two to three to five people so the technology practically speaking that we need to launch thousands I mean there's there's a billion people on the planet if a rocket could take a thousand people to Mars or what have you and that's a thing of the fuel for just a thousand people a thousand people in a rocket you have 7 billion people at 7 million trips ok well how long does the average what's the average time to put a launch together a couple weeks a couple months okay so now you're multiplying a couple weeks or a couple months times couple million uh-oh dozens and dozens of years if not hundreds so practically speaking right now I don't think we have the technology to move ourselves to another planet well I think it's probably likely we might establish some kind of outpost within our lifetime or something like that and something like the ISS but on the moon or on Mars I think that's much more likely but to move an entire population of people to a planet it would be I think would probably be easier just to make our planet much more livable and to solve whatever problem it was unless that was like a super volcano or an incoming meteor or something that couldn't be Bruce Willis as I like to call it Spencer asked how many people would you need to start a human population on Mars that's interesting because you are getting at something I think a lot of people don't think about which is you need a certain amount of genetic diversity to maintain a stable population that doesn't have enough mutant that doesn't have so many mutations because of eventual imbrie ting that the the population can't survive so there's some kind of population bottleneck this happens with endangered creatures sometimes when there's so few of them there isn't enough genetic variability in the gene pool that it won't definitely go extinct and I don't know what that number is for humans I'm guessing it's not five or whatever usually see the team's consist of in movies but one thing that you could feasibly do is freeze a lot of fertilized eggs for example and bring them along with you and have some kind of incubation process once you get there to kind of grow a population I think that's probably more possible more it seems more plausible than bringing millions of people to a planet to me ceefor says thanks man for all you do hey just just do what I feel like I can be doing it this time that's all I can happen McGavin ass says the number is 4500 people as far as I know well I can't confirm or deny that number at the moment but you know that seems that seems like a lot which makes sense to me yeah Perik pariah --km akyuu says the cheetah came close to not having enough genetic variability within its population to sustain itself which is which is kind of terrible yes exactly snow olfe says like a portable cradle from horizon zero dawn now I won't give anything away if you haven't played horizon zero dawn but it's absolutely one of my favorite games in the last five years if you haven't played and you have a ps4 you definitely should play it it is it is absolutely fantastic who ran doctor this is the mirror last question Orin doctor says do you think you live in reality so this is getting at the simulation argument right this was a this was first really developed and popularized by a philosopher named Nick Bostrom who does fascinating work but basically he says that if you think it's possible in the future that will be so good at making simulations that future humans will create simulations of past humans and they have enough computing power to make trillions of these situations a fully sentient fully internal live people billions of them on a planet if they can make billions or trillions of these of these simulations the likelihood that you are currently living in base reality is one out of trillions or billions which makes it if you accept the premises it makes it very hard to argue that you are living in base reality right now I I can't argue with him on those points but I also doesn't I also don't think it matters because a theory that explains everything doesn't really explain a whole lot to me because there's no way out of the simulation if it's a perfect simulation if the premise is that the simulation is perfect it is completely indistinguishable from reality than it doesn't matter if there's no way to test for it no way to see it no way to measure it then it might as well be reality it doesn't really explain much we still have all the same laws of physics all all the same things in our simulation but then you're just trading the word simulation for reality I don't think I don't think it means all that much it's a fantastic thought experiment if you've never thought about that kind of reasoning before and the multa trilemma not even a dilemma the trilemma that is the the situation but at the end of the day i don't really think i don't really think it matters you're still living your life you're still it's not going to change your behavior and you can still be nice to each other because that's that's that's all we got so with that I hope you enjoyed first office hours I know many many of you were asking questions I will make improvements for the next office hours where we're trying to get to more questions more topics if you like this video please subscribe to the channel it helps a lot please like this video it helps a lot share this and if you want to become part of the facility if you want to join me in here and have an x-ray taken like that guy or gal I forget there's a lot of test subject in here you can go to patreon.com/scishow like I said stay safe out there stay healthy this has been a lot of fun for me I'm Audi you

Channel: Kyle Hill

Views: 161,368

Rating: 4.9370589 out of 5

Keywords: science, stem, education, math, physics, space, kyle hill

Id: izjkiL7MriY

Length: 68min 6sec (4086 seconds)

Published: Tue Apr 14 2020

Reddit Comments

[u/tvnnfst]

Loved this podcast/live show! Thanks for doing it, can’t wait for the next one, hopefully Tuesday, right? Even more to look forward to

[u/Victor_Stroievski]

I missed the live show. Darn it. It was 3 in the morning at the time here.

Right, I'll watch the rerun.

[u/M1keru]

My hypothesis: Nothing would happen [closed system], only the number of hand injuries would skyrocket