What Happens if the Moon Crashes into Earth?

today we are answering an age-old very scientific and important question what if the moon crashes into earth it's more interesting and weird than you probably think let's start with the basics why isn't the moon on its way to crash into us already [Music] we know that earth's gravity pulls everything towards it including the moon but somehow it stays up as if suspended by some opposite force but there is no other force countering gravity instead the trick to staying up is a sideways motion that we call an orbit you see orbits every day when you throw a ball it makes a tiny little orbit the only difference between the balls orbit and the moons is that the ball eventually hits the ground basically the reason is speed if you could throw your ball fast enough it would bend around the world and come back to you if there were no air slowing it down it could orbit forever and this is what the moon does falling sideways around earth very fast with no air slowing it down orbiting earth every 27 days at 3 600 kilometers an hour so for the moon to just stop in its orbit and plummet to the earth would break more laws of physics than we have time to explain so how do we crash it into earth in a nutshell to change an object's orbit you need to change its speed which changes where gravity takes it but even small changes require enormous forces which is why all the large objects in the solar system are so stable nowadays according to science the moon is big and very massive even igniting billions of rocket engines all over its surface would barely move the moon it looks like nothing short of magic will make the moon fall so we'll use a magic spell that slows down the moon so much that it changes its orbit and spirals towards earth to get the most from the experience the moon will take exactly one year before it hits earth ready three two one magic month one [Music] for the first few days nothing really changes the moon gets a tiny bit brighter and scientists get confused but the rest of us don't notice anything different the only noticeable real effect of the moon on the earth are the tides tides exist because while earth pulls on the moon the moon's gravity pulls back on the earth since the strength of gravity gets weaker with distance different parts of the earth feel a slightly different pull which causes the earth especially the oceans to bulge when the moon is above them and contract a little on the sides when it's not as earth rotates every day underneath the moon the moon's influence fluctuates causing the water level of the oceans to rise and fall by about half a meter twice a day but with the moon drawing ever closer high tide gets higher every day at first barely noticeable within a month the moon has covered half the distance to the earth and ocean tides have grown to four meters every day high tide comes and waves flood coastal cities and there's no end in sight with the moon drawing ever closer tides rise ever higher inundating another city and more inhabited land with salty water every day month two by the end of month two the moon has covered two-thirds of the distance to earth and global infrastructure is crumbling as tides rise above 10 meters displacing up to a billion people who happen to live near the coastlines as ports become inoperable shipping grinds to a halt not only will it slow down the delivery of quartzquez products but also less exciting things like food global communications fall into disarray 95 of the internet is carried by ocean crossing cables and while these largely don't mind the water their terminals on land do living inland doesn't guarantee safety either tidal balls cause rivers to flow backwards carrying salt water to contaminate surface and ground water supplies gas shortages follow as all refineries near the coast are abandoned countries are left with the supplies they had on their shelves and strict rationing will begin in the cities chaos rains during the scavenging hours of low tide while survivors take refuge in high rises when the water returns month three three months in and the moon is close enough to disrupt communication and navigation satellites while it's normally far too distant for its gravity to cause any major problems for our satellites the closer it gets the more warped their orbits become as their fuel for orbital corrections runs out satellites careen out of control months four and five on earth the tides are rapidly growing to about 30 meters and will be reaching 100 meters in height in a few short weeks at low tide the ocean recedes hundreds of kilometers exposing the continental shelf like vast deserts while at high tide walls of water drown agriculture houses and skyscrapers and now almost five months in the apocalypse has finished its warm-up act since the oceans are on average only three kilometers deep the tides have reached their maximum up until now the water in the oceans could flow absorbing most of the moon's gravitational squeezing but now the earth itself is really feeling the squeeze of the ever-approaching moon these aren't so much tides of water but tides of rock the squeezing of the planet combined with the weight of quintillions of tons of water sloshing on and off the tectonic plates creates enormous stresses below and begins to cause earthquakes of increasing magnitude and intensity it's impossible to say how serious these earthquakes might be or where they occur but like a child jumping on their bed until it breaks no good can come of it strong tidal forces lead to volcanism on other planets and moons on earth squeezing the planet disrupts the magma reservoirs inside the crust triggering sizeable climate altering eruptions in chile new zealand yellowstone and elsewhere meanwhile watching patiently above is the moon still no bigger in the sky than a small cloud within 75 000 kilometers of earth it is bright enough to illuminate the night sky like twilight months six and seven after half a year the moon is entering the space once occupied by geosynchronous satellites where it orbits earth every 24 hours it appears to float at one spot in the sky unmoving cycling through a full set of phases every day but only visible to half the planet with the moon stationary above the earth the tides seem to freeze in place half the world flooded half with its water seemingly returned to the sea as if earth is holding its breath to prepare for the worst as the moon sinks further you might wonder if its gravity would overpower earth's pulling you up and ending your misery fortunately not the earth's surface gravity is about six times stronger than the moons so even if the moon were hovering right on top of you you would still stay on the ground on the moon things are different though the near side of the moon is more strongly affected by earth's gravity so during the next few months it starts to stretch forward towards the earth into something of an egg triggering deep moonquakes as the lunar rock flexes and changes shape though barely noticeable now this squish will grow to hundreds of kilometers in a matter of months months eight to eleven at this point the apocalypse has arrived and we can summarize the months before the crash as everybody left has a really bad time the tides sweeping over the earth slow down and then reverse their direction because the moon now orbits earth faster than it rotates the planet will experience an abundance of earthquakes and volcanism massive amounts of volcanic aerosols rise high into the stratosphere shiny enough to reflect sunlight back into space what little light gets through is rust red and is periodically diminished by daily eclipses the result is a rapid global cooling with acid rains and summer snows killing even the hardiest plants the clock runs out on civilization billions have perished while an x-shaped moon is still drawing closer let's get ready for the grand finale month 12 finally at the end of the year the moon has reached the rash limit that's the point where earth's gravitational pull on the moon is stronger than the moon's own gravity things on the lunar surface start falling towards earth and by the time it crosses ten thousand kilometers the entire moon disintegrates into rubble smearing itself into a massive ring system around the earth fortunately the moon's disintegration means the misery on earth has ended no moon means the general apocalyptic nature of things comes to a halt the oceans recede flowing off the land one last time any survivors are treated to a view of tremendous arches spanning the sky glimmering in the sunlight illuminating the night sky more brilliantly than any full moon ever could while meteor showers of moon dust fill the sky it's hard to say what happens next but the tranquility may be short-lived if too much moon dust rains down friction heats the atmosphere possibly boiling the oceans if not the enormous shadows cast by the rings combined with all the volcanic and meteoric aerosols block even more sunlight and a period of runaway cooling could begin that freezes much of earth's surface solid in any case at some point people will emerge again from submarines or bunkers or mountaintops they will not have a great time before rebuilding civilization and their success is not guaranteed but at least they'll be trying to do so with beautiful rings in the sky [Music] so how do you calculate that sort of thing well you just need a bit of insanity and some maths if you need to brush up on the latter our friends from brilliant are the perfect coaches to turn your curiosity into practical skills brilliant is a problem-solving website and app that makes science accessible with a hands-on approach more than 60 interactive courses like the joy of problem solving or scientific thinking give you the tools to crack problems in maths science and computer science in a way that feels more like playing a game than doing homework lessons will surprise you with storytelling code writing tasks and interactive challenges basically using whatever keeps you interested and entertained all the content is interactive instead of just reading and listening to explanations you drag and drop manipulate shapes and diagrams make selections and answer questions this way you learn something almost without you noticing it and tiny step by step you'll build up your long-term understanding of science and get closer to your stem goals to start looking at the world of science from a different perspective go to brilliant.org slash nutshell and sign up for free and there's an extra perk for kutzkazak viewers the first 200 people to use the link get 20 percent off their annual membership which unlocks all of brilliant courses in maths science and computer science at kurzgesagt we love to create things that seem impossible at first brilliant can help you acquire the skills to do that this year we'll release three very special limited edition pins the first one is this very shiny moon crash pin set pre-order is available for only 72 hours so you can order it now and then never again be sure to watch out for pin number two and three to complete your 12022 collection [Music] you

Channel: Kurzgesagt – In a Nutshell

Views: 11,467,733

Keywords:

Id: lheapd7bgLA

Length: 12min 30sec (750 seconds)

Published: Tue Feb 08 2022

Reddit Comments

[u/kinokomushroom]

Damn, Kurzgesagt absolutely killing it with their beautiful animation again.

I also love how the soundtrack has the same theme to the Nuke the Moon video!

[u/robbbbb]

Q: What if the moon crashed into the earth?
Spoiler: The moon doesn't crash into the earth.

[u/__Hello_my_name_is__]

According to science, the moon is big, and very massive.

Yeah! Science, bitches!

[u/usernametimee44]

Two brothers

[u/wreckage88]

Honey, it's time for you monthly existential crisis.

[u/wwarnout]

Kurzgesagt has dozens of videos on many topics. This one was entertaining, but many are very informative.

[u/BrocialCommentary]

I was really hoping for a Local58 reference in this vid :/

[u/AcEcolton32]

Moon Big

[u/dog_superiority]

I assume they don't mean that the rings are made up of the entire moon's mass? Since that was on a collision course with Earth. So would the rings be a tiny fraction of that mass that was somehow expelled fast enough in the disintegration to orbit the Earth while the rest falls into it?