Wales and Your Welsh Ancestry (1992) VHS

[Music] life begins with the adoption of our fathers name a tradition which has survived for over a thousand years but this tradition has been somewhat different in Wales what does it mean what is its history we propose to discover exactly what's in a name in Tibet the VOT an annual chart our map [Music] our speak lon hello my name is Luis my name is Karen Jones my name is Davis my name is Shawn my name is Jenkins Jones [Music] [Applause] [Music] in a sense I would say that one of the best things about being Welsh is that you are a very accurate paradigm of the human condition in general once you start the study the history of Welsh families in Welsh family names and their surnames you've got a clue to the whole history of the country why don't you join the great band of people who are trying to trace the Welsh ancestry it can be challenging but very satisfying now we're here to give you a helping hand a [Applause] nation strong on culture strong on identity strong on character remarkable for a small country on the western edge of Europe but who are the people that created it who are the Welsh the modern Welsh that's who we are the remnants of the ancient Britons now if your name is Williams or Davis or Lewis or Morgan or Roberts or Jenkins or Jones of the well in indeed Cadwallader then you have something in common with those people down there the Welsh your name like it or not is a secret code and when we crack that code we can rediscover our history our heritage our identity of course the names we call ourselves can be misleading take Wales for example Wales in to Welsh word it's an old anglo-saxon word meaning foreigner and yet we still use it strange that we should still call ourselves foreigners in a land we've lived in for thousands of years in our own language the word for ourselves is comely meaning compassionate and it is this bond of friendship and loyalty that has held the company the Welsh together through the centuries whether our people are here in Wales or across the waves in the Americas or Australasia the bonds of French and loyalty and belonging main strong and to [Music] it's little wonder that those bonds have remained so resilient we share our surnames with the world they bind us together across great distances from Pittsburgh to Ponte freed from Canberra to Cardiff and then does the matter of oils itself its mountains lakes history and heritage it's a country which exercises a powerful hold a magnetic sense of attachment and longing we call it here eyes but almost impossible to break [Music] Welsh people have a highly developed sense of locality which is on the face of it strange because Wales is not a big country it's less than 200 miles from north to south yeah there's nothing modest about its scenic variety [Music] your name has echoed among the mountains for centuries and you share an ancient pride in a land in ich in the beauty of Stansfield when you come to Wales the wide proliferation of your own name will amaze and delight you in the cities towns and villages you're bound to feel very much at home [Music] and what of the people who live here well at the risk of sounding grossly self-indulgent we like to think that we are something special - for a start there's our language one of the oldest surviving tongues in Europe our love of the landscape and our commitment to the culture and traditions of this ancient land we are a people city dwellers as well as country folk who feel first and foremost Welsh [Music] this commitment finds enthusiastic expression at a state of awe a folk festivals music dance poetry and drama our National Eisteddfod a week-long celebration which takes place in August is matched only by the hugely successful youth that is the heir of Estelle vada which takes place in midsummer [Music] [Applause] on the s10 mode field you feel part of a big extended family but if you want to find out more about your own family then you need to know how names can help you unlock the door to your past a thousand years ago the peoples of Europe based their names on such things as their occupation their land or often a distinctive physical feature but the people of Wales went their own way as exemplified by the name of this winningest Alfred poet Robin joy de Boer wine unique to this country and to the people of Welsh descent is the fact that almost all Welsh names were inherited from that of the father [Music] the wealth system was documented by the 12th century chronicler Giraldo skom rensis who wrote even the common people retain the genealogy and cannot only readily recount the names of their grandfather and great-grandfather's but even refer back to the 6th or 7th generation or beyond them in this madam priests are if it's an obvious and of T dear son of canis sona FRA dream hour and so on please up Griffith after well in a pure worth of Cadwallader up Griffith Cadwallader etc etc the patronymic system system of naming whereby the son adopts his father's name continually from one generation to the next down through the ages unfortunately I'm not an expert on this subject but I know a man who is [Music] a leading authority on the Welsh naming system is the eminent historian dr. priest maka the strange system that the Welsh had of knowing one another in their own village communities their own native communities was based upon the given name of the person himself or herself and the father's name and the grandfather's name and maybe several ancestors going back what you did was to take your own given name say Thomas and then have your father's given names a Griffith your grandfather's name perhaps another Thomas Richard and you you link these by a little particle called app you saw you were Thomas AB Griffith AB Thomas and the app was a shortened form of the Welsh word mob or mount meaning son of so it is a very simple patronymic was a true patronymic system of naming you counted for nothing in Welsh native society during the Middle Ages unless you could prove to everybody in your community how you were descended from a forefather several generations back you are a member of a grey Lee literally a bed and you had to prove to yourself and all your cousins you know four fifth cousins removed and so on how you were descended from this forefather because every few generations all the family gather together to have a share out of the kin groups lands and those who didn't have any children who were childless gave up their their land or those who had too many children had to have a share out so there was that basic reason for showing everybody that you were Thomas had could adapt Thomas and so on going back to this for father and the other reason was in Welsh native society when a distant cousin of yours stole a sheep you were expected to pay part of his fine and when you stole a sheep you expected all your cousins for several degrees to pay your fee and so it all helped to keep the peace and to make everybody co responsible for crime it was a very effective system but it did mean that for lots of different reasons the really important thing about you was not whether you had brown hair or whether you were a Smith or whether you had strong arms or that sort of thing you you might have those things and people might talk about them as nicknames in colloquial speech but the important thing about you the only thing that gave you status in that society was your father's name and your grandfather's name and your forefathers names so it is quite clear that the patronymic system was inbuilt ancient burial sites called chromeless can be found all over Wales the history of the Stone Age peoples who built them is shrouded in mystery we have no records to tell us anything of their language of how they communicated but we do have these intriguing monuments which inspire us to speculate how our ancestors veiled life and death standing close to these monuments we can leaf you're lucky catch a tantalizing glimpse of the spirit of long-lost Diras a whiff of the heedless the magic and enchantment that has pervaded Wales since ancient times one of the finest megalithic monuments in Wales is Petra even chroma in the green Preseli Hills of Pembrokeshire we know little of its makers nevertheless they must have been a mischievous lot well wonders whether in leaving us these insoluble riddles was perhaps an early example of the cunning of a humour where she said now characterizes the Welsh the names by which they called each other have disappeared forever but all is not lost it is almost certain that their descendants are still with us today and that the stories they told have been passed down by mouth over the centuries [Music] we owe the Celts a great deal they moved westwards from Central Europe into many parts arriving in Britain in the centuries before the birth of Christ the Celtic tribes left an indelible mark on the country the patronymic system of maiming is probably of Celtic origin their culture was the bedrock of the Welsh nation so much so that we the people of Wales have always proudly considered ourselves to be celts and attach a great importance to our Celtic roots these people ruled from about 500 BC until the coming of the Romans they lived in settlements such as a reconstructed village of castor Templars Pembrokeshire [Music] height lion Age luxury mistakenly regarded as barbarians by Julius Caesar the Celts were colorful and warlike people with strong religious beliefs based on joy declaw a civilization which achieved a high degree of artistic excellence [Music] regardless below julius said i think i would have enjoyed living among these people then again maybe not in AD 43 the Romans invaded Britain within 30 years they commanded the land we now know as Wales whether they conquered Wales in the true sense of the word is open to doubt for the impenetrable highlands remained the domain of the native tribes and resistance was strong Romans departed 400 years later their empire in ruins but they left a land which was independent Christian and personick speaking Welsh we the Cumbrian but now the custodians of all that was best of the romano-british legacy perhaps the most important factor was a newly inherited Christian faith the Roman legions have successfully kept out the pagan invaders from the continent but once they had left fighting off the heathen Angles and Saxons became our major preoccupation inspired by our leaders heroic figures amongst them the great King Arthur himself our native culture flourished I'm the concept of Wales Kamri as a nation began to emerge well I think the origin of the idea of a Welsh nation is lies at that moment in the history of Western Europe when the Roman Empire collapsed in the fronts of a barbarian invasions which swept through the whole of Western Europe right down to Spain Portugal and so on there was a longer resistance in the British Isles and it's out of this resistance to barbarian invasions that were that the Welsh identity emerged and it emerged in an essentially Christian form because the invaders were neither pagan or heretics the British such is the cambro British that is the Welsh as we call him now took upon themselves a kind of glamorous mantle and the glamorous mantle was of the remnants of Roman atrocities the Roman heritage in religion and in culture and although they were small in number and hanging on by the skin of their teeth is aware in the Western peninsular called Wales they nevertheless thought of themselves as the inheritors of the Roman tradition and therefore you could call them from the very beginning a small nation with big ideas some David's a cathedral city of our patron saint's David or Delhi as we call him in rush there we lived in the middle of the great age of British Saints in the 5th and 6th centuries at the nascent state of Wales began to affirm itself as an independent and unique entity 1,500 years later Wales is still peppered with religious sites dedicated to the Saints of this time the ring did government car dog padam and a host of others by the way such was the importance of sin David's but Pope Calixtus the second owner displace by decrying but two pilgrimages here were equivalent to one pilgrimage to Rome in the troubled times after the departure of the Romans the Christian faith and depend Celtic resistance to the Angles and Saxons indeed it can be argued that a distinctive Welsh nation began to emerge from the battles fought between the Celtic Christians and the heathen invaders the continuity of Christian worship over the centuries saw some early religious sites become Abbey's Priory's and cathedrals in medieval times but long before the Middle Ages another event was to have a profound effect on the shaping of the Welsh nation in the 8th century the mercian King offer built a great earthen dike to keep the British Celts and the anglo-saxons apart the border helped define Wales as a separate country Wales was by now beginning to assume the mantle of a nation-state top-tier our country the great one a famous victory of a Viking invaders in the 9th century his grandson however how well the good gave Wales its first unified code of laws [Music] Celt and Saxon lived an uneasy grudging coexistence but soon a new order was to sweep all before it [Music] 1066 is one of the best known dates in history it marked the beginning of the Norman Conquest within just a few years the Normans ruled England in Wales the story is a little different like the Romans before them the Normans never fully conquered Wales they did come very close to it though [Music] built by the Norman English King Edward the first this imposing fortress here at Harlan is one of a series of many castles in what is referred to as the iron ring dealt by these invaders between the 12th and the 14th centuries the very existence of so many colossal fortifications in such a small country gives ample testimony to the strength and fierceness of the Welsh resistance the strong of the servant the bigger the stick [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] despite the strength of their castles the anglo-norman invasion of Wales was always a partial affair the Welsh retreated to their mountain strongholds - rocky Snowdonia where their own castles d'Alba darlin doll with ellenwillow plated the resistance was steadfast even in the face of overwhelming odds but against the might of the anglo-norman x' military success was in short supply yet through it all the Welsh culture remained intact this can be seen from the wane which the world still continued to use the patronymic system of naming if there's one of the things that helped people in the medieval wealth society to distinguish one another was the very large variety of given names Christian names or baptismal names of the Welsh at first of all they had a huge variety of native heroic names often of pagan gods in origin names like welcome I the hawk of may or güell javed Hawk of some names like Ellen Griff Griffith meaning Griffin Lord and so on names like that then on top of that they had they had done well medieval or say royal names like a reefs and Morrigan names like that then on top of that they had a whole variety of biblical names just as you would have had in any in any Christian society in the Middle Ages biblical names like Matthew and Phillip and Thomas and so on and on top of that then you had Norman names like full and piers and names like Frank on so on that have come in with the Norman conquerors and you had medieval English kings names on top of that thing names like Rashad and William from William the Conqueror you had names like Edward these had come in and you also have a lot of names that are very very those were names in general use throughout medieval Wales but you also have quite a lot of Christian names that are very very localized it is this is this helps the people are got names arrived from these localized names to find their family origins much more easily than anybody else just as doll with Ellen the stronghold of the native Welsh princess stood for a separate Welsh identity so too did Wales is dogged adherence to the patronymic system and it's it's odd that they didn't take fixed surnames for another reason that they had all the elements of fixed surnames colloquially amongst themselves the Welsh in the Middle Ages were quite prepared to call one another by names like the English Armstrong for example the kind of nickname or or the trade name like Smith that gives rise to dozens of of surnames in England they were quite prepared to use these as nicknames Sean Gorge on the Smith Shan Gras John the scabby Shan bindle John the Fathead that was quite a common way of referring to one another in the village community but it just wasn't considered by them to be a name a proper name that you could take a surname from they had their own system of of knowing one another in native world society which is quite different and very peculiar so Wales and Welsh culture lived on despite the military supremacy of the English but one last fateful episode in the Welsh resistance to English rule was yet to unfold on September the 16th 1400 Oh England dude Lord of Glinda we'll do a little village between car Owen and son Goshen was declared Prince of Wales by a small group of his family and friends the English overreacted penal legislation and heavy taxes were introduced four years later when dude had taken Conway Harley Aberystwyth and Cardiff castles laid siege to Carnarvon and called an independent Welsh Parliament here and by the way given his name to many and illustrious a noble institution [Music] so lovely so for overreacting [Music] the years that followed green doors rebellion were ones of great hardship during that time freeman by the name of wanted ear of pen - in Anglesey married the widowed Queen of Henry the fifth of England 56 years later Owens grunts and Hari or Henry returning from exile in France blundered near here in the shadow of his birthplace Pembroke Castle he marched for fifteen days gathering an army as he went undefeated King Richard the third at the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485 Hari tilith Henry Tudor had himself crowned King of England and for the first time ever holds corridors of the English royal court reverberate 'add to the commands and Cadence's of a Welsh speaking King yes history has a way of throwing up strange ironies a Welshman Harry today Henry the seventh founds the mighty Tudor dynasty of English monarchs his son Henry the AVA bans the use of Welsh in the courts and passes a series of empty Welsh laws amongst them an attempt to force the Welsh to adopt fixed surnames the Welsh started to take on a system of fixed surnames basically from 1485 owners during the Tudor period and in some senses they were following the example set them by their own rulers the Tudor dynasty after all had were a must the earliest people to take on a fixed surname Henry the seventh King Henry the seventh in Welsh Chronicles is simply called Harry AB Edmund AB Owen up married adopted heir his grandfather Henry's grandfather Owen Tudor was the first to take that the fixed surname and Owen Tudor took his grandfather's name rather than his father's name Meridius because they they he'd the grandfather TD of 10 min even on the island of Anglesey had been a very well known figure in those circles and so England was spared a Meredith or Meredith dynasty and was given a Tudor dynasty the English Clark's coming into Wales the legal system was changing all put pressure upon the Welsh to adopt fixed surnames after the English manor that was the general fashion was to take your father's baptismal name and take it on as a fixed surname and pass it on usually or very often with the addition of an S and the S is the English genitive s just as you talk about the boys caps the bakers loaves that's the genitive s well the same thing was done with Welsh CERN if if you were Thomas the son of Griffith Thomas at Griffith and you were asked to take on a fixed surname you drop the app in general and you simply add an S to the end of the Griffith and become Thomas Griffiths to show that you are Thomas possessed in some way by Griffith if you were well Griffith a Prichard Griffith the son of Richard you simply call yourself and you took as a fixed surname richard plus s which gives you Richards and that was ninety percent I think of the of these fixed surnames are formed in that way the traditional system of naming was being attacked on all fronts persuasive forces for change were even affecting the well Shutterstock recei who in previous generations had been custodians of a separate Welsh culture well the victory of The Tudors is it was a victory for the myth of the loss of Britain and the regaining of Britain which had sustained the Welsh warrior aristocracy throughout the Middle Ages when the victory was won it relieved this class of people this leading class the aristocracy of the responsibility of preserving the native independence and of safeguarding the culture and the ways of the Welsh is a separate people and he opened up the route to a much more prosperous future as being part of the English central state and what happened in effect was that there was a sort of mass desertion of the people who would have been in former times responsible for Manning the gates as it were and preserving the independence of the people so that the lower classes were left virtually defenseless against a whole rhythm of change which has reached a climax in 1536 when the Act of Union exiled the Welsh language from the courts of law and from all the processes of government and virtually relegated into oblivion but the language did not die in the reign of Elizabeth the first a leading Welsh churchmen played a crucial role in securing the future of the Welsh language in the 16th century a Welsh cleric walked these leafy lanes here in the beautiful Cariad Valley that is when he wasn't putting his immense Greek and Latin scholarship to use in a task which was to have the greatest influence in preserving our language the translation of the Bible by Bishop William Morgan in 1588 was indeed a momentous event the bringing of the word of the Lord to the Welsh in their own tongue not only strengthened the faith of an already religious people but also reinforced a culture based on language religious fervour gripped the people for 300 years and the Welsh took naturally to dissension evangelism and nonconformity however the established church continued to flourish also and it is only from old punished records that we can hope to trace our Welsh ancestry in this period the would-be genealogist would notice that the Welsh had seen fit to eagerly adopt the names that were tumbling out of the good book this is how we have come to claim many a Luke John Mark Daniel Samuel and the list goes on today's children are still called by those same ever popular Christian names of old these youngsters there's bound to be a John or a Daniel amongst them enjoy acting the part of children before them dressing up in period costume at the lodge Folk Museum we the Welsh liked our Irish cousins I've always had Ichi feet but pioneer within us back in the 12th century Murdoch North Wales prints weary of the factional power struggle at home and the oppression of the normal invaders along with his brother Herod and a handful of followers toke ship sailed westwards towards the edge of the world later centuries saw many such adventurers sailing the seven seas and gallant Welsh frontiersman were largely responsible for mapping the American interiors several such travelers strongly maintained that they encountered a tribe of Indians who are not only familiar with the name of the great Welshman Mudder but who also conversed eloquently in them guess what this myth was used quite brazenly ready by the Tudors and particularly by Queen Elizabeth and by navigator a man called John Dee in order to set up the claims of the crown of London as it were the English crown in other words on the basis of the fact that Queen Elizabeth was a descendant of Murdoch and that she had more right to the North America than say the Spaniards this myth was used a very effective propaganda by the Tudors in the Elizabethan and later on the same myth exactly was used by Thomas Jefferson who claimed to be of Welsh descent he said his ancestors were born in the shadow of Snowden which is just how the corner here and Jefferson used the myth again to create the manifest destiny of the United States Welsh influence were to crop up in the most unlikely of places in the way for example that the eighteenth-century Welsh thinkers helped draft the American Constitution and in the setting up of a Welsh community at the very end of the earth in distant Patagonia the Welsh did emigrate of course in the 19th century together with other people in the British Isles but they didn't Democrat in very large numbers during the time of industrialization because there was plenty of work for them at home but it's got to be remembered that the Welsh emigrated really told New England and to America from about 1600 onwards and since they were there right at the beginning and since they stuck to fairly well-known surnames like Williams Edwards Price and Morgan and Thomas and so on these names fanned out from New England from a very very early date and so you find very large proportion of American surnames are of Welsh origin simply because of this fact that the Welsh were there from 1600 and indeed in certain States of America for example North Carolina there are almost 10% of the surnames in 1790 at the beginning of the first census of of America and 1790 almost 10% of the population of North Carolina was had had a fairly common wealth surnames if religious dissent was the first great movement to sweep 18th century Wales then the second was industrialization Wales was a land rich in raw materials coal land copper slate and iron [Music] in North Wales huge slate miners provided building material for new towns and cities in the south countless colonies were sunk in which armies of miners toil to keep the world steam engines ships boilers and blast furnaces stoked with coal but the Industrial Revolution brought with it many threats it was the rapid growth of industrialization which could have destroyed us more than anything else perhaps our names and our identity the new industrialized centres had an insatiable appetite for labor which was satisfied by an eager workforce which poured in from rural Wales and elsewhere to the coal mines the steel works and the factories [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] although the culture in the new industrialized areas remain distinctly Welsh English was used more and more inevitably the patronymic system declined as anglicized clark's grappled with traditional names when entering them on parish registers for example the the native Welsh name Rivera Rivera or hy double de rch now that's an extremely difficult name for an English clock to write down it would baffle him wouldn't it for them just think of it up her there a son of rather impossible to write down in English so what you do is to approximate it to a name that sounds rather similar to it something like Roderick or if you want to keep the APRA there you turn it into prothero or Protheroe so a lot of these fixed surnames are in fact Welsh Christian names but approximated so they sound much more English than they were in origin well now if if the father's generation has got if the lot of the father's in each parish have got names like John and David and Henry and Charles then the children in the next generation who are asked to take fixed surnames are going to say well my father's name is is John and so therefore the parish clerks as well you must be called Thomas Jones in that case and since there were thousands of people by the late 18th century there were thousands of children given the name John especially in West Wales and North Wales with since of a thousands of of children being given the name John it follows logically that in the next generation when that family comes to fix it certainly they're going to be Jones and so in areas safe and shared in Canavan sure about a fifth of the population of Jones's and a large number of the all of those Joneses are John Jones's it was called and the perpetual incognito one thing that cuts across this great army of Joneses is the fact that a large number of Welsh families did decide to retain as part of their fixed surname the app particle so that in several areas of Wales instead of getting Howells you have app Powell forming the fixed surname and that gives rise to a very large number of families called Powell or Rhys instead of taking Rhys or you tend to get the app added to it and that gives a large number of families called price of course before a vowel you tend to get AB not amp and therefore a large number of Owen families in certain parts of Wales instead of becoming Owen or Owens they have AB Owen and that gives rise to the family fixed surname of Bowen which is quite common in in some parts you've got to be a detective to find your way through the twists and turns of the language maze which leads you to your ancestors one good source of guidance is in upper estrus the National Library where many old records are kept [Applause] thinking your family history getting started is half the battle you will get a lot of fun out of it and as the the project trips you your enthusiasm will take over so make sure that you're organized from the very beginning perhaps you will get the the initial information from your oldest living relatives maybe you'll get it from folks like a family Bible books which have come down from generation to generation through the family have a look inside these books maybe there will be notes written on fly leaves or in the margins of pages make sure that you research fully what you've got in your own family initially it should be easy for you to go back two or three generations then you can take it further with different sets of Records like parish records these are available you need to know which parish your people came from you should be looking all the time for people's names what they did their vital dates when were they born when do they get married who were they married to where did they marry where did they die when did they die where are they buried because you could find vital information on the gravestone what is the sort of record in itself for researching further from the data you've collected from your family the official records in Wales England and Wales we'll take you back to 1837 these are the indexes to births marriages and deaths and census returns but there are plenty of records and people who are willing to help you with your project if you get in touch with family history societies which [Music] cover every part of Wales or different counties or if you get in touch with the National Library of Wales they can give you an idea of the sources which are available for looking further into your family [Laughter] but awareness of our past also helps to secure our future genealogy is part of this process in tracing our ancestors we build up a picture of where we come from and of who we really are [Music] ecology culture and language are intimately connected I mean they are the way in which man responds to the environment immediately around him so that there is a connection between the land the landscape the language in the Welsh context and it seems to me that the language is the first line of defense not only the first line of defense but also the one sure guarantee of a future because it is in the language and out of the language that the seeds of renewal have sprung throughout the centuries history shows of this very clearly our identity remains intact confident and resilient Welsh culture in all its aspects continues to flourish against the background of the traditions of this ancient land which like our surnames have passed down through the ages in each generation they're from say about 1750 to about really 1898 you could say at the end of the last century lots of Welsh families were taking what looks like a surname a fixed surname on the surface but when you scratch it you realise it is only the given name of the father and it is changing in each generation but I can't think really of any examples you know after people born in the late 19th century it's very very rare by that time but it does lend a great variety and color it seems to be to the well sure naming system and it reminds us really of how very uneasy the Welsh relationship with fixed surnames really is okay what's that about woody we never lunch our Hobbit achieved Annabeth horse - the IE doubled amen well then what's in a name clearly in Wales it is the key with which we can unlock our sometimes glorious and mostly mysterious past now the responsibility for carrying our traditions into the 21st century will fall upon the Joneses and Jenkins's Morgans Lewis's and Davis's of the day the hills and heavens the carries carried wins he earns Rhiannon's Arthur's Tudors and Sally essence of tomorrow we do not choose the names of our children lightly [Music] you may have seen the Taj Mahal you may have seen the pyramids you may have seen Ayers Rock and the Golden Gate Bridge but between you and me I'll tell you didn't Wales [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Music] the Heritage Corporation the world's largest producer of cultural ancestry video is proud to bring you the story of your family name on video it is a story that has been prepared by a team of dedicated professionals experts in genealogy heraldry and history it is the proud story of your unique heritage on screen now is our extensive list of Irish English Scottish and Welsh names currently available join us on a very special journey of discovery into your past [Music] you

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Length: 52min 43sec (3163 seconds)

Published: Mon Jun 01 2020

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