UNIX vs Linux: Differences & Similarities Explained

so it's Linux the same thing as UNIX is Linux one type of Unix so in this video I want to tackle and answer these questions my several students whenever they start working with Linux they also start reading about this other operating system right called X and we have actually several different unixes operating system right it's a family of operating systems so let's go over I want to put things into context and lesson here Stan what is Linux where Linux came in this whole timeline of this UNIX systems and let's understand once and for all the main difference is becoming Linux and other unix-like system so just to put things into context and give some historical analysis you have to understand that everything started with mainframes right you have these big blocks of hardware and the first main friends they did not have an operating system you had people researchers coming they have a stack of cards and then they just have this batch of tasks that they had to execute right they went they processed information and then probably not even a screen just the printer was kind of printing the output of those systems so s mainframes and nests computing systems started to grow there was this need of having something to manage how much memory to manage the different users that we have the different tasks that could run on the same machines so you have mainframes and also a big jump that happened was the idea of introduction of what we call mini computers but don't get fooled by the word meaning right do this mini computer they were taller than me so these mini computers most popular the pdp-7 and the pdp-11 they were the main machines of interest of researchers to understand how we could go and create this operating systems to manage memory to manage tasks to kind of make sense of this very sub components of a computing system so I think we need to start talking about the UNIX right so UNIX was this initiative of researchers they were looking for this multi-user multitasking system that was able to run on these mini computers may trains to make sense of this certain components that we have so eunuchs they are you're gonna see me talk a lot about a family of operating systems you will see that is not that simple right I cannot just say that UNIX is this little product in a box so it is a family of operating systems and you understand that historically you see why these things became this set of different operating systems the first UNIX was initially developed at AT&T Bell Laboratories pretty much led by two researchers we had Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie and things started to get momentum in the late 1960s and as I mentioned before the main target was machines such as the PDP 7 and the PDP 11 and i would say that one of the most important aspects of the unix system that helped this whole popularity was the fact that by some legal details AT&T they were required to release this version of unix free and and it was very easy to obtain right that helped the whole idea of the academia embracing unix and learning from the source code of unix from ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie and whenever I say academia you have this important institutions such as Berkeley in California you will hear me talk a lot about BSD there are different versions of UNIX is that they are called BSD and BSD stands for Berkeley software distribution not only Berkeley but several other institutions you have people here from London from UCL getting their hands on versions of Unix spending some sabbatical time back in Berkeley so there was a lot of sharing collaboration between academia and researchers when it comes to operating systems and one other very important popularity aspect of UNIX was the fact that it was written in this very fresh new language called C the first UNIX was actually implemented using assembly language right so it was specifically targeting one machine architecture but this other version was written in C when I say that it is important to be written in C is that writing things in C means that we have portability right so any machine that had a compiler for Percy was able to generate an executable was able to generate its own operating system based on the same source code so there was one of the great aspects of writing things in this new portable assembly right which is see and you will see that that was the beginning of this very tight romance that exists between the language C and this UNIX operating systems are family of operating systems right so UNIX became super popular right it was very easy to obtain it was you have all these academics pains like the BSD things were getting to get some momentum but you also have this proprietary options right so you have things like these different paid vendor options so you have IBM hewlett-packard or you have Sun all these vendors all these corporations that were booting getting unix and putting their own product in a box and selling right it's very powerful very expensive versions of UNIX to run on company servers to manage high volume of information incredible amount of loads of data so all these different proprietary vendors IBM HP Sun I remember working for our company that had Solaris running on server so the whole point is as soon as you get all these different branches right all these ramifications where each vendor has their own flavor of Unix there is this danger of growing out of the standard right things that were UNIX maybe they are not UNIX anymore so we're going to learn how the community decided to at least maintain some standard whenever we talk about UNIX systems and one super important thing about UNIX is it became super popular and it became almost all this role model of what operating systems should look like and how these operating systems should behave all right and you will see that UNIX is family of UNIX and the commands and the way that we handle users the way that we handle processes UNIX became this root inspiration of several other operating systems right both paid free open source so if you heard of things like FreeBSD OpenBSD NetBSD the mac OS that you are running on your laptop Mac OS comes from this bsd right from the berkeley software distribution spin that you had and one of the most popular ones of the inspirations was the gnu / linux right which we are going to go and dive in very soon but you have all these different spins right you have things like the freebsd which is a free version of the bsd spins that we had we have open BSD which is the one that I currently use and I really like and Linux right so Linux I wouldn't say that Linux it is a UNIX system but it got lots of inspiration by this hole right trying to get this information from the role model of how what UNIX was before so whenever we speak about the new / Linux right you have to remember that Linux is what we call the OS kernel is the piece of software that manages how much memory processors have what are the memory addresses that each processor that has accessed you how much time does each task receives from and gets access to the processor so this is the core right the kernel of the operating system that is Linux and it is a combination of the new tools and the Linux OS kernel so you have things like Richard Stallman he started this thing called the GNU project and the GNU project was this very socialist idea of having free access and free distribution rights of software so Richard Stallman he had all these different tools we had compilers text editors applications all of them free but the GNU project was lacking OS kernel they didn't have an OS kernel so that is why they looked for an alternative and found lineThe portals in finland having these really high-performance operating system called Linux so in the early nineties Linux became part of the GNU GPL the general public license so that was a big boom right being free being open source Linux just really got into the minds of people remember around 1994-95 everyone was hearing about this new ku operating system so everyone once you get a cd-rom create a partition and install things on their machine that means that also right having all these new tools and the Linux OS kernel know they still needed a way of making things installable right making things user-friendly so there was this need of putting the new Linux in the box that's where you have this incredible amount of distance right it's distributions of Linux you probably heard of things like Linux Ubuntu Linux Debian Linux Mint Red Hat so I can spend the whole day listen intra bution right they are their own little packages right that claim they have their own desktop environment they have their own different themes they have their own package manager ways of installing removing things so they kind of select they cherry pick the little software's the tools that they want they put in a package and they say this is called Linux Ubuntu right they relieve new versions they have a whole community around them that is the beauty of having this distres so I want you to understand that UNIX and Linux they are different things right maybe Linux can claim that he was using this whole inspiration of using UNIX as this role model but they are different things so why do people claim that you have UNIX and Linux being the same thing I think it's because of the standard that they are trying to follow right so remember when I mentioned that you have these different vendors you have HP IBM son all kind of growing their own ramifications of UNIX systems how do we kept things under control you will hear a lot about this thing called the POSIX standard right so the POSIX standard is basically it stands for portable rating system interface and it is a standard under the I Triple E so this standard was basic a contortion of vendors they wanted to create a single standard version of UNIX but that serves as a guideline right so if you are creating an operating system you will see that lots of a brainy systems they claim to be POSIX compliant they comply to the whole POSIX standard that means that it makes a lot easier to port applications between different hardware platforms and if you are using a version of UNIX chances are that you know and you will be familiar with the comments of another UNIX distribution so if you're using Solaris you might be using very similar commands to manage processes to create users to list files and directories then if you're using hp-ux so that is the beauty of having this POSIX standard the POSIX standard in a nutshell it defines a couple of C programming language interfaces right so it has a couple of libraries that every UNIX system needs to expose and to work with file processes tasks terminal input/output also to support all these libraries right the POSIX system they must define and implement what we call a hierarchical file system the HFS all these rules all these guidelines should say how do we define folders how do we do how do we separate folders we use a forward slash all the folders are usually have a maximum of 255 characters so all these definitions of the whole file system how do we approach creating folders right how do we navigate through folders these things are also listed in the guidelines of POSIX standard but also super important we define what we call this shell command prompt interpreter and utilities so if you yo open the command prompt on a UNIX machine and you open a comment run on Linux machine both of these operating systems being POSIX compliant they will have similar commands right for example I will use LS to list all the files of directory I I can use grep to search for the contents of a file right if I want to search for a certain expression inside a file so I have this commands list of how directories and files should behave and how we navigate to them that means that whatever you learn under the Linux or UNIX distribution you will have the same ideas through odd or UNIX and Linux flavors right so if you're using a distribution of Linux chances are that if you learn the comments of Ubuntu they will be very similar right if you open a terminal and if you start writing your commands there they would be very similar to the comments Linux Mint or even Red Hat right so that is the beauty of having this standard and that is why people usually say Oh Unix Linux the kind of interpret things in the same way because the comments under Unix they will be very similar if not equal to the comments under Linux so hopefully this clarifies why these things are different but they are very similar when it comes to you know commands the standard that they use that is the whole idea of why you see people say UNIX or Linux and they sometimes mean the same thing so don't forget what needs to hear from feed FreeBSD is saying right if you want more cool content about technology and computer science subscribe to your channel and if you want comprehensive courses including ones on UNIX and Linux operating systems just visit our website I'll see ya

Channel: Pikuma

Views: 3,903

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Id: B4B63J3ZtLU

Length: 14min 17sec (857 seconds)

Published: Sun Oct 27 2019