Understanding The Chord/Scale Relationship

what's up everybody welcome today's livestream get that focused there is about the chord scale relationship now I've done a lot of these in the past but they eventually get buried on my youtube channel going back three years but I always like to revisit these because it's one of the most important things for figuring out what keys that you're in and a lot of people are always wondering well what key am I in you know how do I figure that out what scale do I play over what chords if I have a basic chord progression what do I do now this stuff is covered in my Beato book all of this music theory right at the beginning of the book my book starts literally at the beginning this is my book here I've printed out a copy it comes in PDF and I have a discount code for the live stream rb2 fifty twenty five percent off this is I'll make a living for my channel that t-shirt sales and mug sales pretty much but RB 250 Aaron will be posting that in the chat here but right here this says scale degrees and basic scale degree names and basic chord progressions that's on page 28 in my book but my book actually just starts out with you know it's got the table of contents here and it gets right into what is an interval you read that the book is handwritten Michael well the book is not handwritten that was about two years ago um it's 461 pages it's typed and what I have here have a small white board because my new white board has not arrived yet and I have the key of c-major you see mode names here you see some Roman numerals and then you see a bunch of chords well what do those mean okay so every key has seven chords that belong to it okay they all have their own names for example the one chord is always called the tonic you've heard these terms may be tonic sub-dominant dominant okay thank you Alessio appreciate that but each scale degree does have a name I go through this in my book you have the tonic you've the tonic supertonic goes with a two chord the median goes with a three chord sub dominant dominant sub mediant and then leading tone leading tone is a half step below the tonic okay well the Roman numerals the capital Roman numerals mean that the chords are major and lowercase Roman numerals this is a lowercase to lowercase three lowercase six and then you have that seven with a circle lowercase Roman numerals mean that those are minor chords are built on those particular scale degrees thank you Moebius appreciate that so one four and five you have major chords so if you look here in the key of C if C major F major G major right so one or five one thank you flashy thing me I'm referring to people in super chat right here so I'm thanking them when they when they do that okay the two three and six chord in the key of C are all minor so two chord to be d minor the three chord is D minor and the sixth chord is a minor okay so and the seven chord is diminished okay so a B diminished or it could be half diminished if it's a seven thank you Mark but there's your diminished triad there okay so if you were to play the chords in the key of C [Music] okay now if I were to play the arpeggios that's the one chord C major D minor E minor is a 340 °f major is four chord G majors the five chord a minor six chord B diminished seven chord and C major it's a high up there without looking so with each of these scale degrees we have a modal a mode that goes with each one Ionian always goes with the tonic chord with the one chord Dorian goes with the two chord Phrygian with a three lidium of the four mixolydian with a 5a olan with the six Locrian with the seven so if I'm in the key of C and I'm playing a chord progression C F G I'm really playing C major over the C chord over the F chord I'm playing F Lydian it's all the notes of C major over the G chord play G mixolydian and then over the tonic chord again okay so that's how these chords scales work all right so if I have a say have a chord progression like this okay couple whiteboards here see if I can do this without knocking anything over my guitar there we go okay so right here I have a couple chord progressions C F G a minor ok so this is how you analyze them you use Roman numerals this is the one chord this is the four chord this is the five chord this is the sixth chord now I know that because of these two chords here the four and five anytime you have two major chords that are a whole step apart meaning two frets apart if you're talking about the guitar thank you Dan you know what key you're in because the four and five chords and those any two major chords that are a whole step apart can only come from one key F and G are only in the key of C major okay one major key that is uh if I take this progression down here this is a four one six five progression okay that's how you analyze that that's like 90% of your songs on the radio in our four 165 or some combination of those chords right so your B like so [Music] six-five most big songs are that court these chord progressions whether it's me Tom Petty songs it doesn't really matter [Music] so let it be those same four chords it goes one two five two six two four okay those are how those chord progressions work if you are soloing over that you would theoretically be sewing over each individual chord but people don't usually do that what you need to do is you need to actually know what notes are in the individual chords so you're spelling those out where modes come in handy is when you're changing keys because then you have to know where you're going if I had a chord out of key here let's say I had it a major here well this gets really kind of tricky because a major is not in the key of C we just we're looking at that you'd say okay where is this chord coming from then you get this thing where it's like well that's the those two chords are whole stuff apart maybe that's the four chord in the key of D and that's the five chord well typically when you have one chord out of the blue that is from another key it's usually called a secondary dominant now we'll talk about that that's in my book that's a more sophisticated concept but that is the five seven of two and typically secondary dominance that means it's the five chord of the two chord so you'd call this a or a five of two okay and that would require a different scale thank you poop-poop er appreciate that this is where knowing where your arpeggios are and things like that are are very handy if I'm soloing over this progression if I'm sewing over half right c a.g typically though you're 5 when you have a secondary dominant it typically would resolve to its primary chord okay so this is gonna be D minor you will see these chord progressions a lot D minor so this would be the two chord so the front the secondary dominant resolves are its dominant so you hear a chord progressions like that all the time you do like would be like this [Music] okay typically though that chord progression the six five five of two is gonna will actually come in a chord progression like this one six two five is probably the most common chord progression where you have a key a chord that's borrowed from another key okay so you've got would be C and then a major and then D minor and then G major okay this is a very common one five five of two two two two five this is a very common chord progression that you've heard a million times [Music] Hayase thank you very much bye ass devil [Music] okay but that one cord is not from that key so that's where you need to know about these secondary dominance and about different modes okay these cords are from the key of C this cord is from the key of D minor it's the five chord in D minor so it has a note C sharp in that a major chord okay [Music] so this is how you get to be able to play over chord progressions and make it sound like you're playing over the chords now if you have chords that are static let's say you're just jamming over a couple pours you're playing and you're Grateful Dead cover band or your fish cover band and and you're kind of just playing over maybe two chords or maybe just you jam it over one chord and you just got an E minor chord let's say okay so that chord what do I play over just it's straight a minor chord well you have a bunch of different things a minor right well a minor has only the notes a C and E in it a lot of scales actually jmontie thank you so much a lot of scales have those three notes in them the key of C does okay has a minor the key of F as a minor in it okay you may also know what what other key has a minor in it so it's the sixth chord of C it's the three chord of F and it's the two chord of G okay so a minor it's the sixth chord in the key of a Pinsky of C it's the three chord in the key of F and it's the two chord in the key of G why is it important well each of those very good each of these you have you have a different scale so the sixth chord requires the Aeolian scale right because that goes with the sixth mode this is the Phrygian scale and this is the Dorian scale now you're like well what am I going to ever use these scales well in rock you use them all the time guys like Peter Frampton you know John Mayer people like that they know how to use things like the Dorian scale let's say I have an a minor chord here right and uh that's a durian beautiful sound son so what uses that Dorian mode if I were to play a Olien it's a real it's a different sound it has a totally different flavor okay this would be a Olli and a Aon has that no durian has that note if I actually added that no into this chord listen [Music] okay a Phrygian has a totally different sound listen this is a Phrygian be like this but I probably more of a voicing like this over it [Music] that's a beautiful sound so that a minor chord can really produce three different things there's actually other chords that you can play over a minor you can play a melodic minor as well okay that has a C and E and it two melodic minor I'll call it mel-min that's my little abbreviation for melodic minor that has a different sound to it let's play a minor with that melodic minor [Music] you a clean record there [Music] beautiful sound right [Music] yeah uh Beato book discount 25% off anything in my store are be 250 beautiful right Noblet harmonic minor different sound also has those notes a scene Iannetta this is more your Spanish sound or your heavy metal sound harmonic minor okay that's going to sound more like this [Music] here's durian [Music] here's Aeolian here's phrygian here's melodic minor and then harmonic minor [Music] okay so all those every scale I played I played a Olli and a Phrygian a Dorian a melodic minor and a harmonic minor all of those chords have the notes a C and E all of those modes have the notes a C and E in it and that's why these modal scales are important and being able to being able to identify what key you're in is really important and knowing this Roman numeral alysus and how and what chords are in every key will depend on one other thing that you need to know and memorize which is the circle of fifths if you don't know what notes are in every key then you really don't you can't figure out what chords are from every key because you have to know how many sharps and flats there are okay and the circle of fifths is literally a circle well I'm gonna make a circle of fifths here okay here's a circle a circle fifths works like a clock okay so I'm gonna go here here here here then fill in my different my twelve little notches okay you usually start with the key of C up here let me move this up just a little bit there we go c g d EI e u all moved by fifths B F sharp G flat D flat E flat I'm sorry D flat sorry a flat E flat B flat F and C see he has zero sharps and flats G major has one sharp D major has two sharps a major has three sharps a major has four sharps five sharps B major six sharps for F sharp major six flats that's where you turn it around it's a tritone away an Augmented fourth away D flat has five flats a flat is four let's eat lettuce three flats B flat has two flats F has one flat okay so if you look at a key signature you can figure out if you have this chart memorize how many sharps or flats there are in each key and you know the order of sharps and flats you can understand what chords are in every key okay so there's one other thing you have to memorize you have to memorize you have to be able to recite see G da EB F sharp or G flat G flat D flat E flat a flat B flat F C there's a couple little things in here little tricks you have B EAD like bead right there here have B EAD going that way too so you have two beads in there but one has flats one is just Naturals well there are an order of sharps and an order of flats and once you have those memorize they never change okay the order of sharps is this F sharp they were it works the same way it always works in fists F sharp C sharp if I look here F sharp C sharp G sharp d sharp a sharp G sharp B sharp okay those are your seven sharps one two three four five six seven and we have an order of flats which is just the opposite if you start at this end and you reverse it B flat E flat a flat D flat there's your bead okay B e a d then G flat C flat F flat okay so you just have to memorize if you memorize these let me turn it so you can see them both here no there you go if you memorize the order of sharps and order of flats like I said if your memorize the order of sharps F sharp C sharp G sharp d sharp a sharp B sharp be sharp and then you reverse it B flat E flat a flat D flat G flat C flat F the same okay so how does this work then one sharp you take the first sharp if it's in the key of a major has three sharps F sharp C sharp G sharp if it's a key of E flat major you have three flats B flat E flat a flat key of F has one flat which is B flat okay so if you know this circle of fifths and you know the that one four and five or major two three and six or minor and seven is diminished then you can plug those chords in any particular key okay so if I were to have a if I were to look at a progression like let's say I do this this is all in my book right in the very beginning my book is a reference book like I said it only comes in PDF but it has everything that you need in it and it has the circle of fifths and it talks about how chords are built you know building diatonic chords diatonic triads but it has this all this stuff in it here which shows you how how major Keys work how minor keys work there's multiple minor keys but let's say that we have a let's say we're trying to figure out a G major scale okay you write the letter names g to g a b c d and if you know your order of sharps and flats you'll know that G major has one sharp and it's F sharp okay so that's a G major scale so then what do you do with that well you just plug in the Roman numerals one two is minor three is minor four is major five is major six is minor and seven is diminished okay then I just plug them in here minor minor major major minor minor so the key of G you have G major a minor B minor C major D major E minor F sharp diminished okay that is the key of G major if I were to do the key of uh let's say B flat major okay that has two flats I know that because I memorized it forty years ago B flat I'm just gonna write the letter name c d e f g well b flat major has two flats it has the first two flats which are B flat and E flat boom there's your B flat major scale okay I plug in the Roman numerals one two they're always the same they always move in the same order three four five six seven diminished then I put in C minor D minor E major F major G minor a diminished there you go those are all the chords in the key of thank you poop popper again these are all the chords in the key of B flat major right B flat major and all I've done is I've memorized these orders of sharp and flats and I've memorized the circle of fifths okay I've memorized these so that's that's about there's about four things probably five things you need to memorize remember the modes the one chord is always Ionian Dorian Phrygian Lydian mixolydian aeolian Locrian modes work right along with the scale degrees so in this case it wiii be Ionian Sea Dorian D Phrygian a flat Lydian mixolydian G Aeolian and a Locrian okay so that is how chord scales work the chord scale relationship works okay this is uh and the order that you want to memorize these things it really doesn't mitt you probably have to memorize the circle of fifths first because once you do that everything springs forward for that once you memorize the circle of fifths and you know what sharps and flats are in eh key then then you can figure out any major scale or any minor scale and then you plug in that Porter of cords major minor minor major major minor diminished ok there's another way that I like to do it one four and five like in a blues is major in a major key okay so this is major Keys major Keys two three and six six are minor and your seven chord is diminished I mean I told you guys last livestream that the first thing I learned in my lesson from Tom Rizzo was the the five positions of the major scale which had based off the pennant the major pentatonic scale okay so one two three five and six the second thing he taught me were the chords and major keys thank you official Steve appreciate that you're awesome so this is incredibly important just this things remember one four and five is major think of blues two three and six is minor and seven is diminished that is that that is a very basic thing to know we're not even talking about 7th chords yet when you get into seventh chords there you just have to alter them a little bit seventh chords are more for things like jazz or Steely Dan or whatever seventh chords in a major key your one is a major seven one in four or major seven one and four and I just write major seven maj7 okay so these are major seven chords I two three and six or minor seventh chords minor seven Tom taught me these two things back-to-back and your five chord is dominant seven just a straight seven I call dominant at seven and your seven chord is called minor seven flat five some people call it half diminished like this a diminished with a circle through it I just call it a minor seven flat five that's your seven chord okay so that's your other category minor seven flat five it's not that complex this is when you're dealing with jazz chord progressions but they work in the same way jazz jazz and rock it doesn't matter sometimes you'll be in a rock song and you'll borrow you know you'll have it you know you're gonna be mixing seventh chords with you'll mix seventh chords with straight triads right if I do you know there's a g7 I did C major triad F major triad then g7 and back to C major okay so I mixed in one 7th chord in there I could have mixed C major D minor 7 g7 back to C major okay and that would take different C major the 7 chord is not diminished 7th its minor 7 flat 5 the try it is a diminished triad that's sounded cool right that you hear those 1 2 minor 7 dominant 7 so that is very Calypso I agree Phil what's up what did you miss Phil you missed the first chapter of the Beato book basically but 1st 5th 2015 pages so this is your basic music theory that everyone should know this is the this is the building blocks of all music theory that and intervals but I think this is more important than intervals intervals come in with things like ear training and deeper understanding of how to build chords this is really the to me triads and 7th chords and key centers are the nuts and bolts of everything this is stuff that everyone should know from memory and it's very basic stuff it seems like a lot but once you met once you go over it a few times I mean I taught my son Dylan this stuff when he was 4 I taught him the names of all the major minor diminished and augmented chords I told him what notes were in there I said you know G minors G b-flat D got it yeah I got it I mean that was it he was four years old whatever you know yeah you guys can do that uh-uh hold on baby baby what what is this who is this guy here hold on I'm gonna look at that Aaron I think I beat you to it okay so that's it for today that I wanted to kind of go over these things this is once again basic knowledge that I think everyone should know and you don't have to be a composer to know this every country writer in Nashville knows that this is the Nashville numbering system that's what it is period this they just use the numbers instead of Roman numerals they call it one two three five six whatever they court call the chords that that is the Nashville numbering system people learn that to learn how to play in in different keys and how to modulate things like that okay so that's it for today check out my video that I just put out my greatest keyboard intros there's a discount code for anything in my store that's always support myself on the channel its rb2 fifty twenty five percent off anything in my store you can support it that way or if you have all the mugs in my store or t-shirts or the be out of book you can always become a member of the Beato club if you remember the B Auto Club to then you're you then you guys are awesome appreciate it alright well have a great day everyone and memorize that circle of fists bye

Channel: Rick Beato

Views: 285,084

Rating: 4.9408951 out of 5

Keywords: Rick Beato, Everything Music, Guitar Lessons, Guitar, music theory, chord scales, basic music theory, chord progressions, beginner music theory, scale degrees, modal scales, key centers, circle of 5ths, secondary dominant chords

Id: Kbygf3axmAE

Length: 35min 6sec (2106 seconds)

Published: Sat Aug 10 2019