Time Team S13E04 First Tutor Place Esher Surry

this residential estate is in the heart of the Surrey commuter belt it's typical of the success wealth and show of the modern age and in the middle of it is this tower which is typical of the success wealth and show of the Tudor period but it's also the tip of an archeological iceberg because if you look at this really old drawing you can see that the tower is the gateway to a lavish Palace which was once owned by some of the wealthiest men in the country the bishops of Winchester it's a palace that was once so admired the King Henry the eighth literally stole one of the buildings so how much of it survives under these beautifully manicured lawns and how many of these gardens would it have once covered the palace has been lost for over 300 years we've got just three days to find it Waynflete our lies in Asia in Sri in the medieval period it would have been three days ride from Winchester and a day's journey from London by land or riverboat it's named after the powerful 15th century Bishop William Waynflete who built it at the height of the Wars of the Roses we've been invited here by its current owner penny Rainbow who spent years researching the history of her magnificent home this is crisis that's somewhat blurry but sort of a sketch from a distance but you know what's it gonna be like in there amongst those buildings it mind you to de Palace this is this is your period give me one of these but thing is it's not quite Tudor what do you mean that's a thing well you think about Tudor palaces with big brick gate houses maybe wolves at Hampton Court or Henry the 80s and James's but this was built maybe 10 20 years before Henry the seventh of first Tudor came on the throne so this sets the standard for those brick milk Tudor palaces what's this well this plan of 1606 it shows the gatehouse as it survives and then it looks like a socking great castle what's this over here well I don't know what that is it might be a chapel but it looks three storeys and a stair turret could be guest lodgings if that's all to play for that one Jonathan thinks that this early plan might just illustrate the late medieval layout of the palace in Waynflete time it certainly shows Penny's tower with a courtyard surrounded by loads of buildings great targets for our GF is in Penny's back garden it's so frustrating on day one we just have to wait until their GF is well known I've got a train taking get exact let's do that you don't mind please do if you could you might get give us permission this is a zonking bright building isn't it now what's the bishop doing building in great tower in during the Wars of the Roses how do you actually live in this yeah well ladies have you got five bedrooms yeah but I'm a pretty nice house Yeah right a pleasant comfortable place but was it always comfortable that's my question got a hold from must get at the top and it may be arrows underneath I mean is this a bishop who's afraid for some reason so if you've got arrows it's around the corner and the 1606 map shows a big wall so this would be coming off a yeah angle yeah pretty much down there what's that wall doing there it could be a thick wall with the parapet like a curtain wall of a castle you've got doorways coming out of this war here in this direction anyway so there must be a range of buildings across here yes I think we should put a trench somewhere across this range here and then we're likely to pick up not only the curtain wall but the the walls of this range as well yes now think about this because I think they're implying that they trashed not only your back garden but your front garden as well that's fine by me go for it get digging go for it get digging we thought where is so we're gonna take our first trench in Penny's front garden to see where the Waynflete built a large defensive wall around his palace penny wants trenches so no messing around and digging start straightaway William Waynflete was one of the most powerful men in the 15th century as Bishop of Winchester and Lord Chancellor he owned 240 properties but our search for his Ashiya Palace won't be easy the bishops of Winchester lived here from the 12th century and they and any of its other owners who include Henry the 8th Cardinal Wolsey and Francis Drake's family could have built on the site although Wayne fleets tower still survives the rest of the palace was knocked down at the end of the 17th century and the area's been landscaped on several occasions all these phases complicate our search but they're not the immediate problem for film look we've got a main sewer coming here through where those bricks are to that manner and then at the same time we've got the the canopy of the trees we can't dig anywhere underneath there none of this is possible we really can't be digging any further than that down to the canopy over there which is where your buildings are going to be so we can survey the whole area we can survey right up to the trees so we can hopefully give you a plan tree roots might be a problem but not all our clues are below ground since we want to discover more about the palace Waynflete built what better place to start than the tower itself what is it that's so innovative about this building well in the 15th century we'd been at war with France now we'd had a lot of experience of our generals going over to northern France and Flanders and seeing brick buildings but it's exactly at this period with that influence from the continent the people like Waynflete start building with simply with bricks there's one here example Farnham he's just up the road yeah and he's got exactly the same approach to building completely with brick there is all of this building Waynflete well it's a jigsaw puzzle Tony because we've got 300 years of occupation here later improvements often have little bits of classical details but these architects are so used to they can't imagine doing without that's a Greek key motif and that is called the Vitruvian scroll it's a wave motif Penny's really keen that Waynflete should be recognized as this really innovative architect how do we work out which bits were him and which bits were tacked on by someone later I suppose brick size is a useful Antley we can we can have a look and see whether those bits with the diaper that are obviously Waynflete are the same sizes as some of these finicky bits you told me what diaper was about three years ago it's those diamond shapes that they used to put on linen hence exactly use of the word diaper and here it just means a diamond bricks with the glaze very decorative thing and Waynflete loves his diaper work Penny's gatehouse is an outstanding tribute to Waynflete and I'm intrigued to discover what else he built at Isha John's got his geophys results for pennies back garden but there's a problem look we've got the really good results you wanted Phil there's a clear building we've got walls coming out beyond even more walls um but it looks as though that's all underneath the canopy the main thing is I think we can get the the corner yeah corner there that's only one branch in it it's a twig Oh a twig a mere twig you're Isaac in the front garden where we're trying to find out if there was a defensive wall Jonathan and Matt have hit on archaeology fine mortar that's what you thinking tonight well making sense really yeah I'd be looking for bigger chances sure not together it's a little jar to flex yeah so my guess would be you're talking about 18th century demolition yeah we haven't found the wall yet but Stuart's had a look at the early plan and he's convinced it holds the key to Waynflete Palace this map which is produced by Ralph tres well he's a spectacularly informative map yes I've seen a blow-up of just that tiny space yeah it includes a phenomenal amount of detail in the buildings and it's actually a measured survey although the buildings are drawn as if there are bird's-eye view the way this is made was to make a plan and then draw the building's on afterwards it must be one of the very first mission Madison it is I think there there are a lot of clues on this map I mean this is a real gem to work with so this early plan is a great starting point to search for Waynflete palace it shows Penny's tower as the Gateway to the complex with a possible defensive wall coming off the side the mysterious Chappell lies to the south there's a keep in the next-door garden and a large building possibly a great hall immediately in front of the gatehouse so fill in the diggers begin to open a trench in the back garden in order to test John's GF is and tie down the buildings and in nearby Isha place we've set up an incident room where the rest of the team are busy trying to uncover clues about Wayne fleets master plan historian John guy in our own hell and geek are trawling through the records of the bishops of Winchester by feting 1 we know that two carpenters were hired for mending the great gate they're trying to find anything which might throw light on the development of the palace and Wayne fleets building activity so where does this information come from it comes from the bishops pipe rolls they're called pipe rolls because they were long membranes of parchment and then they were bound together at the top and then rolled up around the equivalent of a rolling pin so they looked a bit like cylindrical pipe that's right but what these contain Helen is not if you like major building works only repairs the infuriating thing is that the major building work is on a separate role and those roles are lost so if we know about this can we look up in the pipe roles about what Wayne feats doing in the 15th century we hope so but this is really what we have to do in the next three days to actually plow through all these letting entries and see what we can find oh gosh how is your medieval laughs like what our dictionary John's got 40 years of records to plow through but we're hoping to give him a more specific target so we've called in Mick the twig to give a dendro date and tell us exactly when Waynflete built his Tower hey Luke you spoiled for choice on you here Tony this is a really bad building for me oh you always say that no I don't if this their time this building looks fantastic as you come down the drive but when you actually get inside it you start realizing the buildings be messed around with over the years a lot of the original wood is gone they brought lots of sort of reused bits of tack as if any way I can describe it in here but the roof has gone at some point a lot of the floors have gone so there just is not that much timber in here that I can do think with well it all looks pretty old to me organist beefier this dislocation just come from local builders merchants so you been a bit rude about your house being incredibly rude about my hand yeah tackle tap what did you say tag it's a shop sure thing despite these sarcastic country comments mix managed to locate a beam which he thinks might reveal the date of the tower in pennies back garden feels beginning to find evidence of buildings I know it's got the more or he's got the more look they've got the mortar on it but that's the edge of it here's the bullish got your finger marks in there look really presuming must have just lifted it off no see other edge show lash one corner of it we won't know the rest of it no so defensive living somewhat odd my dream house I think I might make an offer yeah uh-huh and it's in such connect to those know you to for mean the quality of this whole thing's extraordinary gonna staircase we just come down every brick individually curved to make that sweep so much surviving from the 15th century yeah what's this thing here's the fireplace isn't all the bazaars have one on the landing I don't know what that is is there's no flue there you call it a gatehouse but look over here there's a big room which is now Penny's kitchen there's a huge thing here actually this is the lift which I don't think they would have had in the Tudor period but you've got another room there another three floors above isn't it so you've got a host of rooms what's a gatehouse need all that it's an inadequate description in a way isn't it does much more but other than offering people it's the sign of the entrance and a means to direct them through to the other buildings you need a porter as well to make sure security is adequate and then there are big lodgings above because they're grand spaces with good views in a prominent position no three for the price I wanna say such a nice in the front garden bridge has been working on the wall trench for most of the day hey getting on that bridge oh we're getting down Mick don't look very interesting no it's not really we have a little bit but it all seems to be out of six um we're just going through lots of garden soil and the Alishan layers and that's really about it right my biggest concern at the moment is found this 1912 met here right all the excavations done then you can see this is four nations of brick four brick wall of Waynflete times with a little note here saying foundations are over six foot below the prison surface have is at the top of a bottom of the Foundation's well my people will be that they do op that either way Jonathan is a long way down isn't it - what is what we've got here it is and the wall if you look at the scar on the tower at the moment should run through about here right okay so let's dig the trench for the Machine mm-hmm let's get that far and then think about it again yeah okay so bridge and Matt will have to dig a lot deeper to find the wall but in the back garden Phil's came to know whether he's found the first clues to the buildings on the early plan and hopefully Waynflete s-- palace hey I think I got something here that might interest you he's a brilliant the glazing it basically it's a cheater floor tile the Tudor yes it dates from about 1500 onwards now hang on Jonathan I thought you said this morning this place was pretty Tudor yeah one of the gatehouse that survives is but this has been a manor of the bishops of Winchester since the early 13th century so Waynflete wasn't the first builder and he certainly wasn't the last and to these it could easily be someone like the bishop of the first half of Henry the eighth's reign who's Richard Fox another great builder in line it's nearly the end of day one and although Phil's finding building material it's later than Waynflete and I'm getting worried that we're not any closer to understanding the rest of his magnificent Palace well maybe this trench was a bit of disaster we've been digging all day and we've still down on nothing no it hasn't it always don't work like you'd always like that the end of day one your is a real misery at the end of day one we need to do a lot more work in this trench on the same in the other two in there were hardly down on the archaeology at all but also there's the geophysics of the whole garden which seems to show some sort of big building probably a hall we need to look at that and then of course there's the other gardens and the one in that direction has got this thing that looks like a big chapel in it so have a look at that as well what about the documents I've had a great day Tony I've found all sorts of interesting documents about the things that were happening here but I'd also found an account of an exorcism in the building answer that we're over there which actually adds to what we know about the arrangement of the rooms excellent so tomorrow a hall a chapel maybe even an exorcism that should raise our spirits mmm it's joke yeah I want to see Joe I allowed to finish on a chair beginning of day two here in Isha where we're looking for the rest of the palace to go with that magnificent gateway and yesterday we got some pretty good clues in Penny's back garden but one of the buildings that we're looking for is this Chapel II thing which would have been on this end and that's not going to be in Penny's place at all but in one of these back gardens the chapel ething is just one of the palace buildings which once lines the banks of the river mole and it shown clearly on the early plan to the south of the palace we've compared the plan with the modernist state and we think this building stood two doors down from Penny's Tower so we've began to GF is in this back garden to see if any of the structure remains and find out whether it was Waynflete Chapel Wayne fleets power extended way beyond the bishopric he was a great educationalist headmaster of Winchester Provost of Eden and Biltmore Lynn College Oxford back at the tower and Phil's got a captive audience as penny and her children check up on his progress in her garden in her front garden we're trying to establish whether Waynflete built a defense round the palace have you got this wall yet but not quite brick and you can see we're getting pretty deep now yeah I'm watching the bottom of it let's go hole in the bottom but according to the 1912 map with still about six inches off right you actually on the right line looking at that to shampoo up the tower there I wonder whether it isn't a little bit further back over this way yeah so I think what we've got to do yeah he's go down a little bit more right I think you're right we should probably go back a bit more as well move it all further back yeah so once again the digger makes its way over to hunt for the elusive wall while I'm off to the incident room on a little ghost busting trial yesterday you teased me with the promise of the story of exorcism and you still haven't told it to me well in the early 17th century the house was owned by relatives of Francis Drake the great francis drake who fought the Spanish Armada and the lady of the house Joan Drake suddenly woke up one night and shrieked and screamed and said that she was possessed by a devil so her husband sends for an exorcist and he comes to the house and in fact he climbs the stairs and Joan Drake is in the dining chamber which is on the first floor and she sees him coming so she races upstairs to her bedroom and bolts the door so husband chases after her with a great iron fork and beats on the door well what happens next is that in fact they sent from war Exorcist and they're upping the chamber above Joan Drake's bedchamber and they pray and they fast and as far as I can tell from the documents about eight years later Joan Drake is finally reconciled to Christ was a lovely story and happy ending but does it help us at all I think it does because in fact what it shows is that if the dining chamber which we know has to be on the first floor because that's how things were then so if Joan Drake's chamber her bedchamber was on the floor above and these three Puritan exorcists are on the floor above that it has to be a four-story lodging took we know what she was doing with the devil well she said that she committed the unpardonable sin this is a family show but have we any idea what that might mean well it could involve into the idea that she'd had carnal congress with the devil good lord back at the tower Phil's found more walls than he can well shake a brick at but there's a face of stone the runs along there you've got a big block of stone in there Walker stone in there there's a way along there that comes in there I mean I wish weren't a letter this in the earliest earliest war we got on the side it's it's just complicated very very complicated well filled struggles with too many walls and Matt struggles to find one Jonathan's taken me to nearby Hampton Court just over three miles away Hampton Court was built by one time assha resident Cardinal Wolsey and Jonathan wants to show me just how much it owes to Waynflete what's the date of this place January 15 15 has been wolves his carpenters and Mason's turned up and the materials poured in for Hampton Court but a bad time when it was a building site he lived on Wayne fleets manor Alicia no way for his old house anyway so every morning when he came in he got that image of Essure in his mind I'm sure absolutely did you can certainly see Wayne fleets influence in these diamond patterns and in the look of a brick wall you can't anybody look carefully at them to see the way in which they don't really line up they're all over the place now Wayne flix Mason set that diaper work perfectly very organized on Sylas tightly built so kind of relief to know that even cardinal wolsey had problems with his build isn't it it's a huge contrast to Wayne fleets crisp diamond patterns picked out in a black glaze no Cowboys on this job but no one really knows how this effect was achieved so we've called in brickmaker Tony Minter and glaze specialist Beryl Heinz to experiment so what are you putting into these glazes well we've got four glazes that we're trying out the first one has got a potash feldspar with some clay the second one is soda ash with some play the third one wood ash is simply and the fourth one is a fairly traditional medieval style lead glaze with some copper in right now if you come up with those recipes if you got them from documentary evidence or if you'd only scientific analysis to come up with them well there is no documentary evidence so how are we going to get the glazes onto the break well we're going to dip them and we're going to brush them you could have again please dude right so I just paint it on with this brush - I shall have again so the bricks are coated with the for experimental glazes hoping to replicate the black finish of the diaper pan it's now a 24 hour wait while they're fired in a kiln at over a thousand degrees two doors down from the tower John's got the geophys results for the chapel building we've got these responses here now they're actually in this area where this sort of little bit of a we've got the bridge so we've got high readings down there that might just be makeup for the river but I'd have thought if we put a trench across here yeah and then we can investigate what that is in cup so our toobut or something like that or something across fear just small to start with something we're gonna wreck the garden totally do yeah okay let's do that then mock it out for us yep and a swim uh I don't even warms up a bit after a day and a half in Penny's front garden Matt might finally have made a breakthrough in the wall trench their second aim thing there we go without a doubt uh and there's a course down there as well the other side they're really definitely so what one bit there I one part from all there so what my standing on here Matt seems to have hit a brick wall in more ways than one while in the neighboring garden things are just getting started as Kerry opens a trench to search for the chapel II structure and in Penny's back garden raksha's opened another trench based on John's GF is results which showed a large building possibly a Great Hall now fills cleaned up the walls in his trench he's pretty sure he's found part of it if this is the Great Hall coming along like this geophysics says that it doesn't run the other side of the path right so if this is the corner of the hall I'd like to resolve whether or not it turns this way if it's an absent from there yeah we know that the halls gotta be this way and not that way near in other words whether we got the front corner or a back corner yeah good very good keen to solve this puzzle Phil and Jonathan want to know where the rakshasas trench holds any clues Raksha Oh willow hey cheering on doing very well actually we've got this this wall running down here it still it's composed of the similar material that phil has in his trench we have something coming up this side which is composed of flint and mortar not I can't really see what's going on because I think we need to extend that way and then we have this floor running through here and I'm wondering whether it's a corridor or not is there any chance and you're walking on a floor that's made of a bit of rubble in cement or mortar that would have had tile on top of it yeah it's possible we had lots of tile coming up the demolition layer because that wall looks a lot like your well that's the obvious thing it's exactly the same composition as a wall I got running parallel to it and it's also the same composition or the one that looks as though it's coming parallel to the pathways what's our distance we got let's measure it out fill so never mind about tapes I wanna do are three four five six seven eight nine ten about ten meters well that's good thirty foot is nice just over thirty foot so that's that's exactly right for a Great Hall yeah hello yes ma'am I like bang on typical nice so we found the Great Hall which ties in perfectly with our plan and it must have been part of Waynflete palace the halls made of stone so would have been built earlier than the brick gatehouse we've also located a wall in the front garden it's made of brick but is it Waynflete hey Jonathan cool could this loft where I can have a notice yeah this is all get really complicated now look you have two walls going on we've got the first wall here yeah lovely flat face down to there and from there downwards it's but slightly more messy Foundation and also pays there's been a drain cut through it there we carried on back there's rubble so either the wall has collapsed down here like that or it could be beginning of a Kolbert which came up like that then we hit another wall or about two more of a large plinth with a kind of triangular feature on top which seems to have a couple of bricks heading off in that directions that 1912 map didn't show two walls here did it not at all it showed one wall marks coming straight up this way quite wide wall there and this is that wall do you think that's shown in 1912 it seems to be on the right alignment a little bit off so does that mean there's a passageway between these two walls then well they don't seem to be any floor in between in between these two walls they're also not quite aligned together they could be different phases as well so is this Bishop Waynflete then because we came we dug this all thinking this might be a defensive wall built by the bishop that's how it's claimed in the early map wasn't it but I need to get down have a look at the brig and have a look unfair then win the tower let's have a look Jonathan I'm going to leave here to carry on with this not come back later when you're sorted ej rightly then week as the archaeologists tried to date the wall meet the twigs busy working on his wood samples trying to find a precise date for the tower bridge is casting an expert eye over a coin we found and historian john guy is plowing through the records searching for evidence of Wayne fleets building project and by the tower there's been another find your pennies done some great research and she pulled out this plan and the bog lien library in Oxford and it's by John Aubrey the surveyor I think so great planks I've been able to spend all the time looking at it there's the gatehouse there there's your a wall but also there's lisps the tower key which is probably the most important building on the site I couldn't stop playing once that once I got my teeth into dresser and I've put it against the the modern map there's the gatehouse there there's your wall that's where the keep is and the majority of it is in next door's garden what this basically means tells us is that the most important building on the site is actually just behind these trees so we might just be able to get a bit of it can we dig it well I think I think there's enough room to to get in there there's a strip down here we could dig in but I think the majority weeks is kind of oops over there we might be able to unearth a key building on the early plan a whole castle keep and it's a great opportunity to discover whether or not Waynflete was building with defense in mind the sticking starts I heard that Mik the twig might have some news for us yeah you too the end road 8 stand road day what is it I don't know he won't tell me has been very secretive you're such a tease no Tony you had to be here for this I've actually got to eat humble pie here is me saying this wood was absolutely useless yeah and I'm the richest which is yes nicely I've actually got to tell you that I've managed to get out of it and what we've managed to do is get the date range down to 14 62 to 1472 fantastic it's pre Farnham absolutely it's free Hampton Court and it's free Farnham that's wonderful honey this is undisguised triumph it's not a competition they go can hover oh I can't believe it well penny seems to be pleased not bad going for day two but we'll mix dendro help us understand Waynflete palace the dendro date 1462 to 1472 oh that's nice that's very nice isn't it yeah when penny heard she went it's earlier than a trial very godly there's a lot of sense to Waynflete opens Parliament in 1459 with it with an impassioned speech of let peace and unity be amongst you all because we're in the Wars of the Roses only in that day yeah yeah and in 61 his fears are realized this he's besieged in his own house at East Mian so to make a castle like palace from 1462 Mikado sense to me but do we have anything archaeological that marries with that kind of date ah well this this is a silver coin from demolition of the hall it's an Irish penny of Edward the fourth and there these are really quite uncommon because they're not supposed to circulate in England they're light waves and this one's been clipped terribly anyway and it dates to 1473 - eh I'm very close yeah very good Nick what about what I've been referring to all day as the Shapley type video on the edge of the complex isn't the chapel I would doubt it or did a lot of convincing actually I I can't see a big freestanding chapel like that okay so we're thinking at the moment probably not Chapel is there anything that we can be sure about in terms of what buildings were use for what well I think we actually got keep a castle like II John Harbor in 1673 describes things has been castle like and that 1606 map seems to show that he won it does he and his plan shows a thing here which looked like a square keep with turrets on the corners just like a castle so how are we beginning to look at a complex which is essentially about defense yeah I think at various times in its history probably was a more defensive structure probably early on and from be later on and it would have looked like a castle so tomorrow we'll start looking not so much at Asia Palace but something a little bit more like you Shekhar Sonya beginning of day three here in Penny's back garden Anisha where we weren't looking for Isha Palace except now we think that at least some of the time it had a much more defensive function maybe something more like Asia castle and this being day three some of our layers have been here since 7 o'clock this morning because they think that in these trees somewhere there might be a really important significant trench actually it's more like a badger in here I think they reckon thank you but there could be the keep in there although yesterday you said that the majority of the keep was in the next garden so why is this certain yeah that's right the majority to keep easing the next garden she's just possible this strip down here might be within Penny's garden but the majority is in the other garden there's no doubt about it look that's the survey next door you can see the keep quite clearly this dotted line is the avenue of trees behind us and the keep extends across here so you have been able to geophys behind the trees no but it extends round like that so could these red bits actually be the tip of the key yeah and we're digging in here it's looking good yeah we've made loads of progress there's a great hall opposite Penny's gatehouse we've found a wall though we're not sure how it fits into Waynflete grand scheme and now we've got the chance to discover and date a whole castle keep the sights now our hive of activity bridge is busily digging in our Chapel each wrench and the diggers continue their early-morning efforts on the keep trench I'm keen to see how the Great Hall fits together in Penny's back garden so Jonathan's giving me a guided tool fracture is on the other side looking up on the geophysics is very clear and there is another piece of iron stone masonry that's the other side of the hall so what's the logic of that why is it here like this well this think nothing should impede the relationship of the gatehouse to the hall because you need to be guided through to the entrance of the whole complex okay so I come through the gatehouse yeah and the hall is the Assembly space they're coming that you're now walking through the porch and you've gone through walk raksha's wall you're into the hall now there's the kitchens over there they're knocking up dinner for you this is where you as a bishop bishop Tony yeah have a court you have retainers you have staff this is your basically your staff canteen and big reception spaces and all in one multifunctional extravaganza are coming here yeah so through the timber screen and Aubry describes a roof here with angels holding up shields fabulous vision and bits of stained glass so from the South the stained glass was shined through on a platform at the far end where the bishops its presiding over everyone now when he's finished his meal he's going to go up his stairs off he goes his Bishop warmth bed comfort far end there's the kitchens noise dirt smell danger the hall separates everything out into into servants end and posh well that's that bit sorted out let's have a look so not only have we identified the Great Hall but thanks to documents we've got an idea what it looked like inside Helens keen to find out what else the documents can tell us John now we've got that dendro dates 1462 to 1472 the building of the gatehouse is there anything in the pipe rolls that would help us narrow down that day deep reverb there was a word I couldn't read and I've read it now what translated it it's a belly that means sable and you think well that suffer you know for a gown or decorating a hood but in fact I discovered from the Wolsey building accounts that he had Sables and they were ropes and they were special ropes for jinns that's the engines and cranes the heavy duty lifting equipment of late medieval and modern building sites so with the major building project going on in 1462 tooth ring and obviously a rockered snaps and so they had to replace it so it occurs in those repair accounts so is that enough of a smoking gun very sad is highly suggestive for yes that's fantastic we've now got the evidence which proves Waynflete commissioned major works around 1462 we know he built the gatehouse opposite a medieval Great Hall and I'm spurred on to find out whether that wall and the keep were part of his grand design and then there's that other building in the next-door garden well John you reliably informed me that it was gonna be something in this trench we've gone down through what looks like just demolition makeup layers and just hid natural geology you've summed it up it's the makeup that we saw just that gravel layer will give us the effect that would be enough to give you that signal yeah because the clay is so wet and that is dry by contrast right so it's just a makeup right so I mean the main thing we can see from this trench no building I think we shut this down should we shut down this garden then Rick yes I think so no don't fancy a dip first well I got quite fancy a bit of a dip you said no to me it's a disappointment but we can't really complain we found the hole and the keep trench looks very promising and it we're looking for the last piece of the jigsaw you know we've got the hall the really big thing we're looking for is the Cape that's why we're digging in amongst the trees and we think that this brick wall might actually be the wall of the keep you know this plan anyway but you know your house is there yes and the keep is there now the crucial thing is gonna be whether or not we can find one of these octagonal towers I find exactly the mirror image image of what you got on the corner of your house exactly the same thing so we reckon that if this is the key the key identification thing is whether or not this wall carries stray on or whether it's plays out into the turret and I reckon that we are just about a point to know whether or not that's true or not fantastic cuz you see look we've got a wall coming along there and it's going straight there oh look oh thank you amazing that's brilliant so what would have been in that turret another staircase oh no well you got one of you guys your turrets well will you go your turrets a spiral staircase well probably a good set then you got spiral sir okay and a bad thing but that has got to be the key that is playing out got the castle you've got the keepin your guard the King trench is getting more exciting with each bucket load and John and his GF is seem to have found a fan in penny - is amazing here that bill technology here Messiah amazing 21st century kind are you impressed by very impressed good morning every were with him as long as you it would work with him as long as a way of you know this was just a mere flu you get on in with your toys things are also shaping up nicely in the wall trench have you sorted this yet you chaps it's been a breakthrough you Mick oh I like bright news that's good we have got can you see down here see the brick floor here which joins up this wall and this wall ah so they were definitely contemporary right so does that help us Jonathan and explaining what it is it does if you're what if you're standing in what's a passageway yeah it makes sense and this is a pier there so that a column of a brickwork two rows from it rather ties in exactly is what John Aubrey shows and it's 1670s survey while this being a whole arcaded war with a terrace on top and that explains the bulk so we're underneath it here exactly you're just outside the wall yeah it is under the terrace and so about five feet over ahead would have been a walkway see now I've been looking at the bricks yesterday all I had to go on was the standard brick size that looked like Waynflete was using on the tower well that's nine to nine and a half inches by about four an hour yeah but but these go from nine and a half up to ten so actually the brick you can't make a typology here so we got to look at another way of reading this and the way to do it is to follow this terraced wall and see what its relationship is with the gatehouse so we've got look at the gate Ashley is what's gonna hold the in so yep right so make the bricks are all over the place when you learn much from them so the building's got to speak to us now that feature up there yeah of course window it's window now isn't it but what about the proportion us more doorways until it is - it is did Waynflete have that door put in or is it later well there's no ragged hole around it it's contemporary the tower isn't it absolutely but now it goes out onto thin air if it is a two-story wall there should be some way of getting to the underside of it that's right good yeah so we should find some means of getting into it from the stair turret look at this make oh yes I notice this so it makes a lot more sense now yes it bang-on line with mats Trish yeah if the stairs once carried round you might have the option of going up or down but that would lead you down to the underside of that double-decker wall outside so that's the lower door why yeah that's right but up the stairs here look let's see how the that window was once look it's a door there has you've even got one of the pin claws of the door left look in the wall oh yeah yeah yeah there's a flippin lock look catch playgirl me well I almost a lot more sense than doesn't it so I would walk out there onto the top level of a big yeah arched wall yeah maybe with crenellations on the top and it does feel like something of a castle yes yes yeah that's brilliant that is it's all makes sense so we've found our defensive wall of two levels with a covered walkway on top and what's more it's pure Waynflete but Penn is not gonna let us stop now she's certain there's more of that keep down there it would be wonderful to get the return so we know the door emotion you're talking like an archeology do the more you think the more we find out so say lemon we got a putback well I'll put it back if the taking away of its the problem then I'll help us it back I just rather you chose me and yes please alright we'll take out a bit more Phil doesn't seem to need a lot of encouragement for Penny to get her way the glazed bricks have been fired for 24 hours and it's the moment to see whether our experiment to replicate the finish on wine fleets diaper work has been a success is this the young glaze that we thought was going to be the felt about potash felsberg no no this is the one and the temperature hasn't gone high enough to flux the glaze so it hasn't melted at all no it's completely uncharted does n't even look like lace no no no the wood ash hasn't melted either so does that mean that the temperature needed to get over 1,000 degrees yes then to create the glaze if we gone any hotter the brick would have melted hey Pat she because yes because the don't ground shape yeah yeah this is an incredibly vivid one here well that's the lid glaze with copper is Tony are you happy that we've reproduced something similar too Waynflete starts I have spent about four and a half years trying to achieve this effect and fire nearly a thousand bricks and this is the best so far and for me what sorts are amazing about this is the incredible glittery effect that you get you there's just no way you could do this with stone no perhaps it me well bridge and Helen have rediscovered the lost art of brick glazing Phil and Penny are making sterling progress and the octagonal turret is beginning to take shape this is a strange twist for time team there's all the experts standing on the edge of the train just watching the owner of the garden do the digging have you enjoyed yourself very much soon I'm a willing apprentice what's he like as a teacher I've got no complaint she KITT time she's still under instruct you said that you thought this trench would be the linchpin of everything that we were doing what is it that we found what this is one of the most amazing things I've seen on some time team this is the corner of a vast brick keep there must have accompanied a gatehouse and it's Wayne fleets character of building and this should have been his lodgings and the whole arrange would have been impressive wouldn't it you know imagine coming through the big brick gatehouse into a courtyard and no sooner we got past that that's impressive you get into a courtyard out here and there in front of you he's an even bigger brick tower when you come through the gatehouse that he's built he has a two-story wall with a terrace on the top he's on he's got his own private link between the gatehouse and his lodgings because that's what this is all about it's smart lodgings in a place it looks like a defensible castle what's the relationship of this Cape with the Great Hall does he live in both of them or does he live in one of them I think it depends on whether he's visiting here as a stopping-off route inland on his way to London or whether he's having visitors here because if he needs to entertain then he's going to be in the hall and retreat to the lodging if he's on his own he may as well just walk through the gatehouse and locking himself in the halls of big display place isn't it where you know you have feasting you you show of how wealthy you are and which food you've got and so on he's not going to do that if he's just going to come in for a you know a point and a sandwich on the way from the dirty well it's the perfect end to our three days in Esha a major brick built palace that had been lost for 300 years you wanted Waynflete reputation restored seems like he's kind of done it himself doesn't it got this massive gatehouse put a defensive wall curtain wall all the way around it lots of buildings here for food preparation kitchen great whole dominating the middle of this area and right over there even bigger than the gatehouse a keep and virtually all of the buildings in your garden good story if you can five to seven tonight on more for funny politics Bremner bird and fortune here we got the news for you you

Channel: Reijer Zaaijer

Views: 235,321

Rating: 4.9059987 out of 5

Keywords: time, team, full, episodes, season

Id: ghWkoo4qtxc

Length: 47min 48sec (2868 seconds)

Published: Sat Jun 01 2013