Oppenheimer He is called the father of the atomic bomb but confesses that he is the destroyer of the world He worked for America in the Manhattan Project In his later years, he suffered political persecution How should Oppenheimer be viewed? Let us talk about Oppenheimer's legendary life today Oppenheimer was born into an American Jewish family father is a multimillionaire He was regarded as a child prodigy from an early age Proficient in Latin, Greek, German, French since high school He said to his friend, "Ask me a question in Latin and I will answer you in Greek." Oppenheimer's childhood favorite pastime was horseback riding in Los Alamos, New Mexico Since childhood he dreamed of combining two of his favorite things: Los Alamos and Physics In 1922, Oppenheimer was admitted to Harvard Chemistry Department but declined the scholarship He said I don't need that money to be fine In college, he was familiar with the history of the decline and fall of the Roman Empire, French literature, and Chekhov's novels Because I was too focused on seeking knowledge, I never dated a girl in college After graduation, he decided to study Ph.D. in physics in Cambridge, UK Because Cambridge was closer to the center of physics research at that time It was discovered after admission Cambridge specializes in experimental physics But Oppenheimer was very bad at doing experiments. Can't even solder two copper wires together made him almost depressed Out of resentment, he actually poisoned the apple of his mentor Patrick Blackett Afterwards, the school asked Oppenheimer to see a psychiatrist. I saw several doctors Physicians find Oppenheimer more capable than themselves This made Oppenheimer become interested in Freud, self-taught psychoanalysis His friend, the physicist Pauli, even said Oppenheimer did "Physics is just a sideline, psychoanalysis is the main business" But in the movie version, the person who almost ate the poisoned apple was changed to the physicist Bohr This makes the plot easier to connect Because Bohr is the founder of quantum mechanics Oppenheimer became a fan after hearing his speech, saying Bohr was "my God" He became interested in the emerging quantum mechanics Decided to transfer to the University of Göttingen in Germany European Research Center for Theoretical Physics while in gottingen Oppenheimer learned to speak Dutch in six weeks Published 7 articles at the age of 23 These genius deeds have made him a lot of fans It is also here that I met my opponent who will become the atomic bomb race in the future. physicist heisenberg After Ph.D. Oppenheimer decided to bring the new knowledge of quantum mechanics back to the United States Taught at the University of Berkeley It is said that his teaching style makes students unable to follow Most students take his class more than once While teaching at Berkeley He has published articles on various topics Cosmic rays, electron dynamics, nuclear physics, everything More and more students worship Oppenheimer become like a cult Known as the "Mumbling Boys Gang" Because Oppenheimer likes to mutter to himself while thinking But if Oppenheimer is that good Why didn't you get the Nobel Prize? Because he has no patience to deal with the same problem for a long time And always after a new perspective on a problem Let others continue to study run away to other problems So his research is too comprehensive Inspiring innovation in every field but did not work long Make it difficult for him to get the Nobel Prize in Physics After the Great Depression of 1929 Oppenheimer found that many physics students were unemployed after graduation And the anti-Semitism in the United States was on the rise America in the 1920s Many universities have Jewish quotas When the Berkeley Physics Department Hired a New Jewish Physics Professor The dean of the department, Birge, said: It is enough to have one Jew in the department These practical problems led Oppenheimer to turn to support socialism Participate in various leftist political activities California dock workers strike, farm workers strike Desegregate public swimming pools, organize teachers' unions These leftist activities were actually the political mainstream in California at the time also during this period Oppenheimer met Jane, a communist, at a party It later became the love of his life Jane loves the poems of the British poet John Donne His sonnet "Smash my heart, Trinity God" later became an inspiration for Oppenheimer The code name for the atomic bomb test is called "Trinity" (Trinity) Three-year love affair with Jane made Oppenheimer more left-wing and more politically activism-focused Once on a train to New York He brought Marx's three volumes of "Das Kapital" He had read it all by the time the train arrived in New York America in the 1930s Communism is not a particularly radical position It's more like a synonym for liberalism and democracy. Because 1936 was the Spanish Civil War The republican government elected by the Spanish people was defeated by the fascist army in a coup Therefore, liberals and leftists all over the world hope to resist fascist forces and protect democracy At that time, 250,000 people joined the American Communist Party Aid to the Spanish Civil War Oppenheimer himself never joined the party But often attend the gatherings of the Communist Party said at the party He can always come up with the deepest explanations Because he has the most thorough understanding of Marx's theory But also because of being too close to the Communist Party during this period As a result, after the war, the top US officials and the FBI will use these deeds Claims Oppenheimer is a fellow traveler of the Communist Party Until 1939, after the Soviet Union allowed Germany to invade Poland and Stalin began to liquidate his political enemies Many Communists in the United States are Disillusioned Although Oppenheimer still yearned for the idea of communism but no longer believe in the communist party Instead, make an anti-war manual Urges the United States not to get involved in the European battlefield To defend America's Roosevelt New Deal program This manual later became proof that Oppenheimer was not a communist Oppenheimer's relationship with Jane lasted three years But when Oppenheimer proposed Jane decided to end the relationship Turned to Pursue His Dream to Become a Psychiatrist Shortly after Oppenheimer met a second lover, Kitty Kitty fell in love with Oppenheimer at first sight But Kitty was married Once Oppenheimer invited Kitty and her husband Harrison Let's go to New Mexico's "Hot Dog Mountain" for summer vacation It turned out that Kitty's husband couldn't come due to something So it's just her and Oppenheimer at Hot Dog Hill after summer vacation Oppenheimer actually called Kitty's husband and said Your wife's belly was enlarged by me I suggest you get a divorce so i can marry her (It turns out that this is what Hot Dog Mountain Villa means!?) In 1939, German chemists successfully demonstrated experiments that could split uranium nuclei Einstein wrote to President Roosevelt Warns that "the Nazis may build a new type of bomb that is extremely powerful" President Roosevelt therefore created an S-1 committee Recruit the best physicists in the United States But at this time Oppenheimer was still concentrating on union activities Believes that scientists have a duty to help the socially disadvantaged This made Lawrence, the director of the laboratory at the time, very angry Because these leftist activities make it difficult for him to convince the military Recruiting Oppenheimer to the Manhattan Project That's when Oppenheimer realized that if the Nazis were to end had to join the Manhattan Project It is also necessary to stop trade unions, political activities In order for the military to issue him a security clearance He must sever ties with his communist friends to serve the country The key is Approved by General Groves, head of the Manhattan Project Gross is the head of the Pentagon Oversight Graduated from West Point Military Academy fourth in his class Groves doubted Oppenheimer's qualifications at first First, he has no Nobel Prize It doesn't seem right for him to command a group of Nobel physicists Second, he only has experience supervising graduate students Lack of leadership management experience Third, he's just a theorist It takes engineers to build an atomic bomb But an idea from Oppenheimer attracted Groves He believes that scientists in the United States are currently scattered in Princeton, Chicago, Berkeley, etc. There should be a secret central laboratory in a central location Bringing the best minds in America to work together This central laboratory must be hidden in an isolated location At this moment, Oppenheimer suddenly thought of his favorite childhood place Los Alamos, New Mexico Build the world's first nuclear weapons laboratory here before starting work Oppenheimer originally wanted to join his close friend Isidor Isaac Rabi But Rabi refused to say I don't want weapons of mass destruction to be the pinnacle of physics for 300 years Rabi wasn't involved in the Manhattan Project But privately, he's always been a father-like advisor. Oppenheimer at the time leading the Manhattan Project Exhibits charismatic and authoritative leadership informal Refused to install a time clock In contrast to General Groves' authoritarian leadership first progress of plan Emerged from a conception by physicist Robert Serber He pointed out that it is possible to shoot a rod of uranium into a block of uranium 235 Trigger a chain reaction by imploding This became the prototype of the later atomic bomb Serber's speech was printed as a pamphlet The Los Alamos Primer Give each new scientist a copy The implosion device was designed by Harvard physicist Kistiakowsky What is not mentioned in the movie is To build the atomic bomb before Germany oppenheimer once thought Adding radioactive material to Germans' food supply chain But finally gave up on this method Because he's not sure food poisoning is 'enough to kill 500,000 Germans' General Groves even sent Moe Berg to assassinate German scientist Heisenberg When Heisenberg gave a speech in Switzerland in December 1944 Moe Berg waits for a chat, close to Heisenberg Just when he was about to pull the trigger and shoot Heisenberg Heisenberg revealed that The Nazis were a long way from building an atomic bomb This dissuades Moe Berg that Germany is not a threat at all Saved Heisenberg's life However, the development in the United States is not very smooth. Because General Groves has always adhered to the military's "departmentalized" security principles In order to keep secret and prevent espionage, separate departments Do not allow the message to spread easily to other departments But this hinders scientific research Because what scientists need is the free flow of information At that time, the control of the U.S. military was so strict that Oppenheimer couldn't even talk to his brother on the phone. Even the drivers and assistants assigned to him are undercover agents of the government The monitoring once made Oppenheimer consider resigning June 1943 Oppenheimer gets chance to leave Los Alamos temporarily back to berkeley He hopes to take this opportunity to formally say goodbye to Jane Because Jane's Communist Party status is too sensitive But the meeting turned out to be the basis for the U.S. government to accuse Oppenheimer of FBI's Hoover writes to attorney general saying Oppenheimer's mistress was a Soviet spy The news reached Boris Pash, then chief of intelligence. Pash recommends firing Oppenheimer to add insult to injury is Oppenheimer also revealed a secret at this time Turns out before moving to Los Alamos Oppenheimer once had dinner with his friend Chevalier Chevalier told Oppenheimer privately: Physicist Eltenton says he has a technique Can send your scientific research data to Soviet scientists Let the United States cooperate with the Soviet Union Because the United States and the Soviet Union were allies during World War II Together against Nazi Germany But information about the atomic bomb is a national defense secret. How could it be possible for scientists from the two countries to spread it in private? So Oppenheimer immediately responded to you that this is treason Chevalier Says He Was Just 'Warning' Someone Wants Oppenheimer's Scientific Data This Chevalier incident was originally unknown Oppenheimer himself broke out in Berkeley Talk to Berkeley Colleagues Be careful there is a physicist named Eltenton who may steal American technology This gave Colonel Pash a chance to bring Oppenheimer in for questioning Unexpectedly, Oppenheimer said in a hurry: Eltenton also had access to three people from the Manhattan Project These three people are most likely fictional It's just Oppenheimer trying to turn his attention to someone else But the weird thing is that after the trip Oppenheimer's ex-girlfriend Jane died in mysterious circumstances In the film, Jane appears to have committed suicide after being abandoned by Oppenheimer But actually An autopsy determined the cause of death to be asphyxiation by drowning And found "trace amounts of chloral hydrate" in her body Jane was probably drugged and forced to drown in the bathtub Wait, who would want to kill Jane? Possibly accusing Jane of being a Soviet spy. Those who were afraid that Oppenheimer would reveal the news to Jane: Boris Pash during that period Boris Parch just happens to be the director of the CIA And the seventh branch of his unit It's the job of assassinations and kidnappings. in the 1960s CIA operative tried to kill Castro with poisoned cigar It's Boris Pash So Jane's death is probably not suicide, but "suicide" But Oppenheimer didn't know the truth After returning to Los Alamos In December 1943, the physicist Bohr visited tell oppenheimer a secret idea You gave people the ability to self-destruct And the world isn't ready Bohr believes postwar U.S. nuclear monopoly could lead to nuclear arms race Stalin should be informed that the Manhattan Project exists Assuring the USSR that the United States would create an international organization not a threat To avoid a postwar nuclear arms race This idea influenced Oppenheimer's life Let him devote himself to promoting Bohr's ideas after the war April 30, 1945 Germany surrenders hitler committed suicide some people start to question America has essentially won the war Why keep making atomic bombs The White House position is: Atom bombing Japan to end WWII After the war, an international regulatory body was established to regulate atomic energy Leo Szilard, a physicist at the time of the Manhattan Project, warned top White House officials: As long as the United States shows the atomic bomb would trigger an arms race with the Soviet Union The top White House responded: Don't worry, the Soviet Union has no uranium mines Szilard organized 155 scientists to sign Published a "Franck Report": accuses the U.S. of secretly building nuclear weapons Bomb Japan without warning America that did this How dare you open your mouth and say that you want to abolish the control of nuclear weapons through an international agreement after the war fundamentally contradictory Scientists at the time even suggested a compromise don't bomb japan Instead, invite Japanese government officials to watch the atomic bomb test explosion intimidate them without harming civilians can end the war again But Oppenheimer responded that What if we make an atomic bomb that doesn't explode? Let the Japanese see our failure with their own eyes Obviously, at this time, Oppenheimer's position has been clearly on the side of the US government. Believe the atomic bomb could end war Save the lives of American soldiers So on July 16, 1945 The first nuclear test explosion in human history, the "Trinity" project was launched before the explosion Oppenheimer told his wife Kitty that if the test was successful He'll call and tell her you can change the sheets But on the night of the test explosion, a vision occurred The atomic bomb was supposed to be detonated at 4 a.m. But suddenly in the middle of the night it was windy and rainy All the local frogs gather in the small pond to mate and croak all night long As a result, the time of the test explosion was delayed by an hour and a half. Launch at 5:29 AM The locals said when the atomic bomb exploded Seeing the night turn into day in an instant some people laughed some people cry But most people are silent At this moment, Oppenheimer thought of a verse in the Hindu classic "Bhagavad Gita": "Now I am Death, the Destroyer of Worlds" After the test explosion Oppenheimer's secretary called Kitty and said The sheets can now be changed After the success of the Manhattan Project What these scientists don't know is The US government withheld important information from them In fact, long before the atomic bomb test Intelligence units in Washington intercepted a Japanese telegram codenamed "Magic" Indicates that the Japanese know they have lost the war Seeking acceptable terms of surrender At the Spinstan Conference in July 1945 General Eisenhower also proposed "The Japanese are ready to surrender without having to hit them with atomic bombs" wait, if japan was ready to surrender Why did the United States drop the atomic bomb? It turned out that at the Sponsitan meeting Stalin said he would join the Pacific War on August 15 But if the Soviet Red Army did invade Japan After Japan surrendered The Soviet Union has the same bargaining chip as the United States You can reap the benefits of the fisherman So the United States rushed to drop the atomic bomb In fact, it was to prevent the Soviet Union from occupying Japan after the war. Prevent Soviet influence from infiltrating the Asia-Pacific region But the U.S. government withheld this information keep scientists in the dark Because if Oppenheimer knew that Japan would have surrendered long ago, World War II would have ended long ago Will you still insist on the atomic bomb test? Human history is likely to develop in a different direction August 14, 1945 Japanese government proposes surrender agreement After the war Oppenheimer became the most famous man in the world on the cover of time magazine as if he was superman who ended the war But think the United States defeated Japan with the atomic bomb In fact, it is a completely Western-centric view of history Historian Takeshi Hasegawa pointed out that long before the atomic bomb was dropped Five cities in Japan have been leveled by bombers The Japanese have long been used to cities being bombed The atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were merely scaled up Not enough for Japan to surrender The real reason Japan surrendered was not the atomic bomb but because the Soviet Union declared war on Japan The imminent invasion of Hokkaido Be the last straw that crushes Japan The victors deified Oppenheimer as the superman who ended the war Oppenheimer himself became very critical of science After the atomic bombs were dropped, "physicists have learned their original sin," he says During a meeting with President Truman He said I felt like I had blood on my hands President Truman replied: "The blood is on my hands, don't worry about it" Oppenheimer even used his fame to influence the top government He co-signed a document with more than 300 scientists refused to assist in the development of bombs Oppenheimer: 'I'm a scientist, not an arms manufacturer' These moves prompted President Truman to create the Atomic Energy Commission But Oppenheimer didn't want U.S. regulation international control In accordance with Bohr's ideals, he wrote a report to the U.S. government call for the establishment of an international atomic energy development agency That is, the establishment of a world government in the field of atomic energy Sovereignty over atomic devices Countries around the world can only use atomic energy for non-military purposes Because access to information is completely open and transparent If a certain country wants to secretly build an atomic bomb will be known all over the world In 1946, the United States formally proposed the concept of "international control" to the United Nations The result was immediately rejected by the Soviet Union The Soviet Union believed that the manufacture and use of atomic weapons should be completely banned But President Truman certainly couldn't give up America's military superiority So the proposal of the Soviet Union was rejected If the United States and the Soviet Union reach an agreement at this time There would be no Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 There will be no future arms race until the 1970s The U.S. government is only serious about accepting the nuclear arms control agreement But at this time there are already tens of thousands of nuclear bombs in the world The ideals of Oppenheimer and Bohr have never been realized in time in academic work Oppenheimer invited by Lewis Strauss Dean of the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton Lewis Strauss has long supported the development of US nuclear weapons The relationship between the two was very conflicted from the very beginning. Oppenheimer humiliated Strauss at a hearing Said that he didn't understand atomic energy science, so he banned the export of isotopes from the United States when oppenheimer arrived at princeton Einstein has been working here for 15 years Einstein is said to have disliked Oppenheimer at first Because Einstein was disgusted with quantum mechanics He believes that the essence of the universe should not be probability uncertainty and the desire to establish a grand unified theory But as time goes by Einstein increasingly recognized Oppenheimer Because he is committed to turning Princeton into a research center for theoretical physics Talents from all over the world Recruited 27-year-old Chinese genius physicist Yang Zhenning to Princeton Later, Li Zhendao was found again. The two became the first Chinese to win the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1957 The experience of the Manhattan Project also made Oppenheimer realize that Scientific development is closely linked with political society So he emphasized that science needs the humanities to guide the direction invite poet eliot historian toynbee philosopher came to princeton as a saberlin At that time, Princeton gathered almost the smartest people in the world. But Oppenheimer didn't end up in Princeton Instead, they were monitored by the government for 20 years because he had too much political influence on the atomic bomb Get the attention of the FBI suspected of being a soviet spy The FBI begins investigating Oppenheimer's ties to the Soviet Union first after the war Communists in San Francisco took the opportunity to claim credit Said Oppenheimer was one of his own Come to America again to decipher a Soviet telegram. Discovery of a Soviet spy Klaus Fuch in the Manhattan Project Although Klaus Fuch was not recruited by Oppenheimer But Oppenheimer is the master planner after all. Then in 1949 Soviet Union conducts secret atomic bomb test in Kazakhstan shock america U.S. Congress Decides to Build a Superbomb Facing the Soviet Union's Nuclear Arms Race Truman authorized the expansion of the U.S. nuclear stockpile in 1950 After the end of the 1950s The number of nuclear weapons in the United States has increased from 300 to 18,000 But Oppenheimer turned against the government Think super bombs should never be built Humans will be better off He even used his fame to appear on a TV show Publicly criticize the President's decisions These actions against the U.S. government It makes Oppenheimer more and more like a fellow traveler of the Communist Party After President Eisenhower took office, he appointed Strauss as the chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission Strauss has been unhappy with Oppenheimer for a long time I've been looking for evidence that Oppenheimer is the Communist Party in private. In 1953, Strauss officially launched the plan to destroy Oppenheimer's reputation Privately collaborated with major newspapers to write articles slandering Oppenheimer Align with the FBI Director Trained a young man, Borden, to be a thug to do the dirty work However, what happened to Oppenheimer is not a special case. American society at that time has always been under the shadow of anti-communist McCarthyism Light is 1953 Hundreds of civil servants were hunted and kicked out of the political circle April 1954 Strauss holds hearing Send goon Broden to send the dossier to the FBI Prosecutors hand-picked What were the charges against Oppenheimer? 1. Joined countless Communist Party organizations 2. Ex-girlfriend Jane is a Communist 3. Make regular donations to the Communist Party 4. Not reporting the Chevalier incident immediately In fact, General Groves has long defended Oppenheimer against these allegations. Groves says If you will be expelled just because you have friends from the Communist Party Then the Manhattan Project probably wouldn't be able to find talented physicists. At the hearing, many of the charges were based on illegally tapped tapes Oppenheimer's lawyers are not allowed to view So there is no objection In ordinary courts, such evidence would not be admissible at all. So from a legal point of view this hearing is void But in the end Oppenheimer accepted the verdict. Unable to obtain security clearance Can no longer participate in any defense affairs after the trial Strauss also published nearly a thousand pages of the verdict report to humiliate Oppenheimer The trial aroused the attention of American society liberals think Anti-communist hysteria has taken hold of America America is destroying its own talent The scientific community considers Oppenheimer a martyr like galileo against the inquisition 1,100 scientists across the U.S. sign protest But at this time Oppenheimer was completely disappointed. Completely disappeared from the public after 1954 Concentrate on doing scientific research at Princeton Until the 1960s after the Democratic Party came to power President Kennedy was kind to Oppenheimer again. The Fermi Award with a prize of 50,000 yuan was awarded to Oppenheimer symbolic political mundane This award ceremony is like a redemption ceremony Confess what the U.S. government owed Oppenheimer Finally in 1967 Oppenheimer dies of throat cancer from heavy smoking Looking back on Oppenheimer's 62 years of life He has almost achieved all his dreams Pursuit of the most difficult knowledge of quantum mechanics I also pursued my beloved Jane even combined a lifelong favorite of physics with the state of New Mexico Throw yourself into the Manhattan Project and become a national hero But after the atomic bomb test His life exploded My friend Rabi's prophecy came true "Weapons of mass destruction become the pinnacle of three hundred years of physics" His favorite childhood place was destroyed The woman he once loved was assassinated He was kept in the dark by America Didn't know WWII ended not because of the atomic bomb For the rest of my life I thought I was a sinful scientist He is eager to practice Bohr's philosophy But it is no match for the reality of the US-Soviet arms race Finally became a martyr in the anti-communist witch hunt Tired of always watching the same shows on Netflix? Then try ExpressVPN The No. 1 VPN selected by CNET, Techradar, Forbes and other organizations Helps you bypass censorship blocks without geographic restrictions Allows you to stream on Netflix and other streaming services Watch thousands of programs that are not available in Taiwan Like the recent sixth season of Black Mirror not seen in taiwan Just switch to the UK region with ExpressVPN Re-enter Netflix You can watch Black Mirror now ExpressVPN has nearly 100 different countries to choose from Change to any country you want in the same way watch more shows Now click on the link expressvpn.com/supery in the information bar Get a 3-month free trial Want to enjoy streaming services to the fullest Don't miss Express VPN
