It is a comet. But this is no ordinary comet. It contains the seeds of life. Carrying living cells at some point in history, it came from space and struck Earth with full force. The vital cells it had... ...produced life on the earth and then grew to spread
life around the entire planet. This is a scientific theory. Some scientists said our earth did not have a comprehensive basic environment for life initially. Therefore, life did not originate here but came from outside more likely from Mars. Because three billion years ago, Mars had conditions to bear life. The theory is proven, we will have to believe that we are all Martians, or at least we are aliens on this earth. It will happen when it is proven, but it is a fact that in 2024 man is going to Mars. But on Mars, the temperature is around minus 50 or 60 degrees. There is no oxygen but deadly radiations making
it hard for the man to live there. There could be no cultivation to sustain human beings. So what would he eat? We will estimate all that and advance our story
with the spacecraft Wiking on Mars. I'm Faisal Waraich and in Dekho Sano Jano's series The Universe, I will show the story of a man living on Mars. The first image Viking sent to Earth after landing on Mars showed... ...a Viking foot as well. It was the first successful landing of man on any other planet. Here is the first picture and here is another one. Rocks were scattered on Mars like they were on
the rocky arid terrain of our blue earth. After the pictures, it was the rest for Viking to find life. Viking moved on rocks, collected samples from the ground and air, and experimented with them in a mini-laboratory. It wanted to find any chemicals in these particles telling it about life here, or it has been ever? Did any living being, even a single cell, exist here
millions of years ago or presently? Is water the first sign of life? Just hold on. Stop here and ask that 43 years back... ...when technologies were not as smart as they are today... ...how a small machine 155 million kilometers away from the Earth would do experiments automatically? The answer is; these two Viking cameras and an arm. The Viking Landers took thousands of pictures
with these two cameras. They were transmitted with the help of this antenna
to the other part i.e. Viking Orbiter. From where they would reach the Deep Space Network on Earth and then the relevant office of NASA. Here they were stored in these tapes. This arm is the part of Viking's laboratory that takes soil samples from Mars and puts them in the small laboratory. This laboratory had special sensors to detect life
signs in the soil of Mars. And here is the tiny antenna to detect and record
the fluctuations of the seasons on Mars. All this was part of the same 72 kg spacecraft Viking. Viking-I's mission was 90 days, but it performed
much more. It carried out experiments on Mars for 6 years and 4 months and sent over 50,000 images back to Earth. They showed red soil, miles of barren plains and scattered rocks, ravines, and mountains, everything. What about life? No, Viking did not find life on Mars. Operating until November 1982, Viking-I was retired as technically exhausted. It had lost all its energy and was a stone-like
the rocks on Mars. But even after that, the journey of finding life on Mars is not over. Wing One sent back an image during its exploration, showing that there was still some hope for life on Mars. And this was the picture. It looks like a thin layer of
ice is frozen between the rocks. This ice can be either frozen water or frozen carbon dioxide. If it is carbon dioxide, it means there is no life in this place, but if it is water ice, then there is still a chance for life. So tests were necessary. But that test the spacecraft Viking could no longer perform and a new type of spacecraft was needed. A mining spacecraft a long-beaked, like this a heron. It looks like a daunting task. But before moving forward in the story think, what you had been doing in 2008? So in 2008, one such spacecraft, Phoenix, was about
to land on Mars. Phoenix was to probe the surface of Mars to see if
there was water or water ice beneath its surface. And not only to see but also to prove in laboratory tests. The Phoenix lander was one of NASA's most important missions. Phoenix landed on Mars on May 25, 2008. Moments later, its folding arm moved, scratching the surface of Mars like a bird's beak, and look what it did. The white snow glistens beneath the red soil of Mars. When Phoenix checked the particles of soil and ice in his laboratory, it was not carbon dioxide, but water. In the laboratory test, this water also evaporated. This was the first time since telescopes that a direct experiment proved water's existence on Mars in large quantities. Frozen oceans of water were discovered on Mars. Phoenix proved to be a successful mission. Water was also found on Mars. Like the Earth,
there was ice at its poles. The day of Mars is 24 hours and 37 minutes,
this also came to our knowledge. Like Earth, Mars also has the moon not one but two moons. When so much is like the earth, what should be the next dream? Why not step on Mars? Why not go to Mars and establish a settlement? But how? Elon Musk's agency SpaceX has announced to settle man on Mars. Planning for this is going on in two steps. In the first phase, the Mars mission will be launched in 2022 to make necessary arrangements for human settlement on Mars. There will be no humans in this mission, only
a spacecraft will be landed on Mars. In the second phase, the spacecraft 2 will go to Mars in 2024. Not only space X, but surprisingly a space race
is on in the world right towards Mars. Race that who will build the first and biggest colony on Mars? In this race are NASA, SpaceX,... ...Russia and European Space Agencies and even the UAE. Yes, the UAE has announced the largest human
settlement on Mars. And in the UAE, an artificial Mars is also being
built as preparation. In which everything will be the same as on Mars and the senders on Mars will be trained therein. When you visit the UAE, do see as much
as it has been completed so far. If anyone from SpaceX, NASA, UAE, Russia, Europe, or Boeing reaches Mars,... ...it will be another giant leap of man in space. Like the moon landing in July 1969. However, the difference is that the moon landing then was by a man but now a woman may be put first foot on Mars. Secondly, unlike the hours-long stay on the Moon, the presence of man on Mars will be much longer. On Mars, man will make the first settlement. Two years later, another rocket will carry more people to Mars and hence the shift will change every two years. But why this gap of two years? Because of this chance when Mars is the closest to our Earth; just 50.5 million kilometers away. Missing this chance means, Mars will continue to drift away from Earth up to the distance of 400 million km in the long run. And again it takes 2 years to reach
the first closest point of 50.5 million km. Therefore, a mission can succeed the last one exactly after 2 years, no more no less. Interestingly, the first mission or missions
will not land directly on Mars. Rather, they will have a stopover at the Moon that will be a base, a junction, or a station on the way. Yes, man is going to the moon again. And this time, not just for a few hours or days, but for a long time. Rather, for a permanent base... ...this is NASA's Mission Moon to build a permanent base on the moon that would serve as a stopover before Mars. Just like a long flight with a stopover in between. After building the moon base, the robots will be sent to Mars in 2020 to find a place for human settlement. These robots will do necessary constructions, etc., and most importantly build plants to generate electricity. How powerhouse when Electricity is generated by turbines on a water dam and no dam is on Mars presently? Will solar energy be produced on Mars? But, the sunlight on Mars is not as strong as it is on Earth. Because the Sun is hundreds of millions of
kilometers away from Mars than Earth. Therefore, the heat of the sun is very little there. Rather, due to the thin atmosphere on Mars
dust storms continue to rotate. Hence, Mars dust storms enshroud Mars for days,
weeks, or sometimes months. In such a situation, the sunlight does not reach Mars. So will electricity be generated from fossil fuels, gasoline, or gas? Maybe, but where will so much fuel come from
on Mars? It is almost impossible to ship oil or any fossil fuel for
many years from Earth. So what to do? Amazingly, we will have to do on Mars what
we are afraid to do on Earth. Nuclear power plants will be built on Mars. So the first mission to Mars in 2020 will take the equipment of a nuclear power plant like a nuclear reactor and fuel. Electricity will be available for 3 years completely
free of charge. No bill will be demanded from them. Even if the bill
has to be delivered, but to whom? The question of the bill is when people will stay alive there. Why would they not survive? This is because the average temperature on Mars
is minus 60 degrees. The atmosphere is such that water boils at
minus one degree centigrade. Just think, if a person is on Mars, he will face three
things at the same time. Firstly, he will get cold to freeze. Secondly, a highly thin atmosphere will make his blood boil... ...just as water begins to boil in a pot at 100 degrees on Earth. Thirdly, the oxygen percentage on Mars is lesser
than one, so breathing is not possible. Fourthly, he will be killed by the dangerous radiation of Mars. Because Mars does not have a magnetic field like
the one around Earth... ....therefore, dangerous radiation from space and the Sun falls directly on Mars. We must be thankful for Earth's magnetic field
for enabling us to move safely on Earth. So if man has made a plan to live on Mars, how will he overcome these four problems? The solution of these four lies in two things. These suits and the igloo-like houses will save man from atmospheric pressure, extreme cold, and radiation. And they will procure oxygen. Then man will establish such bases on Mars and
a city, that will create an Earth-like atmosphere. Thus an artificial environment will be created. These igloo-like houses and suits would cater to
as much oxygen and cold as man needed Moreover, such bases will be built that prevent radiation and dangerous small particles from entering. The two basic materials for building and maintaining these bases are present in large quantities on Mars. One is frozen carbon dioxide and the other
is a thick layer of red clay. So these two things did it all. But will humans eat there? Is it possible to grow anything on Mars? So
aquaponic technique will be used for this. It is a method in which fish and vegetables are kept
together in a particular manner. As you see. Now the plants benefit from the waste of the fish and the water of the fish is cleanse by the plants. Thus the cycle continues. Interestingly, this method is being widely used
in many places around the world. Thus Martians will eat and melt the ice on Mars to drink water. Thus, the problem of his food and drink are solved. Now the solution to living, eating, and drinking on Mars is with us. But there is still an important psychological problem... ...that the people on Mars will get bored by seeing the same faces and repeating the same experiences and tasks... ...and begin detest each other. This could create new problems. The solution is that the first rockets sent to Mars... ...will also build a base from which a rocket can be
launched from Mars to Earth... ...so that humans can be brought back to Earth from Mars. Every 2 years people will be sent back to Earth and will be replaced by new ones to resume their jobs on Martian settlement. Thus, a solution to the boredom has been found... ...however, what will happen if people on Mars
have problems in these 2 years? It will remain a problem with this settlement of Mars... ...because problems they face and help to overcome, will be available only after 2 years. There may not be such a slow ambulance... ...but it will be possible on Mars for now. A facility is available on Mars, in case of
an accident or emergency to the people. They can send a message to the earth for help in just 8 minutes and get the answer to it in about the same time. But the real help is Human Aid. For this, they have to wait for 2 years to have that
window when Mars is closest to Earth. Then there is an average of 7 months that
a spacecraft will take to get from Earth to Mars. It is fine if the Martians survived by the time the help reached otherwise, it is what Ahmed Faraz said... ...your arrival is a favour yet the destined doomsday has already passed, my friend. The fear will stay but this amount is affordable
if humanity has to be saved. After all, man is searching to go elsewhere from Earth. So they were short-term plans for humans to live on Mars. That is, how will humans survive on Mars, do
experiments, and build settlements. Will humans always stay in these tight suits
and boxes in space? no. The long-term plan is to make Mars
as blue and green as Earth itself. Because there are proofs that Mars was once like
Earth or even better. So to make Mars Earth-like or better, we need
to set up many factories there... ...not to produce anything but to heat up the Martian atmosphere by pollution. As they have warmed the earth. We've had a good experience with this. Then an artificial magnetic field also needs to be created. Then by bombarding or any other means the carbon dioxide on Mars is melted to add it to the atmosphere. This entire process is called terraforming. Undoubtedly, the success of this plan will Mars Earth-like in just a few hundred or a thousand years. It is a very ambitious plan. But do you know a mission even more difficult than Mission Mars? Human settlement on Mars is perhaps the most difficult mission of our civilization and history. Even more a difficult mission for man on earth is how to tolerate each other and the thoughts. How to accept each other and co-exist? Live in peace. Maybe the mission to settle on Mars will be successful in 5/10 years, not too far off from now... ...and maybe the dream to tolerate each other
on Earth will come true one day. We move forward, keeping a dream alive on Mars. We do not stop anywhere in the journey of
the universe and have to go to know the last point of it. Now we have this beautiful spacecraft Juno set to go to this gas giant as soon as possible. What is this gas giant? And why was this spacecraft named Juno? Let's go along with it and see what happens. Finally, why is this giant of gas such that no knowledge of its bottom and surface? This is a very interesting story. What did people think of it thousands of years ago, what is it considered today, and why? Who has been there? Who is about to? This great historical, fantasy, and scientific story will be shown in the next episode of The Whole Universe. Friends, if you like this video, thank us by liking
and sharing it with others. Also subscribe to the channel and click the bell icon to get our videos instantly. And yes one thing we told you... ...in this episode about how robots send images and messages to Earth millions of kilometers away. We also made a mention of the Deep Space Network. To find out what it is and how it works, be sure to watch Episode #2 of the Universe series here. See here how man reached the moon and here is the true story of a man who set out to touch the sun just in recent past.
