The Truth About the Battle of Culloden (1746), the Last Pitched Battle in Britain

what is the truth about the Battle of kodin and how Scottish were the jackaby army that fought at kodin lying around 5 miles east of iness this is kodum mure the site of the last pitch battle on British soil the jackaby rising of 1745 led to this battlefield the following year with the jacobites unified under the banner of restoring the house of Stewart to the British throne the jacobites were led by Charles Edward Stewart also known as a young Pretender or Bonnie Prince Charlie whereas the British forces were led by William Augustus known as the Duke of Cumberland who all the pies a the son of King George II of Britain and Ireland so just for context as we move through this video at the battlefield today the red flags represent by the British forces under Cumberland lined up and the blue flags represent the jackaby position but how did we get here what events led to this battlefield and why was so much blood shed well the story starts with King Billy and game of thron style family connections the Glorious Revolution of 1688 to 89 set off a political earthquake in these ISS the reverberated for over half a century it started when Charles's grandfather James II also known as James iith a Catholic King from the house of Stewart who had ruled as the King of Scotland England and Ireland since 1685 was overthrown in the Glorious Revolution of 1688 to 89 by his daughter Mary II of England and her husband William of Orange who was actually Mary's first cousin which was quite common amongst royalty at different times through history a Protestant Prince from the Netherlands the revolution took place shortly after the birth of James Francis Edward Stewart in 1688 the Sun and therefore M air from from King James's second marriage with Mary of Medina thus Mary II of England's path to the throne was threatened by the birth of James Francis Edward Stewart who would later go on to have a son of his own Charles or Bonnie Prince Charlie various factors including other internal pressures against James II LED to him being overthrown and fleeing to France Mary and William of Orange took the British throne in 1689 and coined until Mary's death 5 years later with William of Orange going on to solely Reign until his death in 1702 after William's death Mary's sister an reigned as Queen until 1714 when the throne was passed to King George the first of the House of Hanover now I know that's a lot of family politics but it's crucial to understand in the jackaby revolution there were numerous factors that led to the rise of the jacobites but the unified under the banner of restoring the exiled House of of Stewart to the British throne the 45 Rising was not the first one either as there had been previous jackaby risings including the failed 1715 Rising also importantly to note is that there were numerous undercurrents around this time including that Scotland and England had only Meed into a political union in 1707 forming the United Kingdom of Great Britain against this backdrop borney Prince Charlie believing there was support for a St race ation in both Scotland and England landed in Scotland in July 1745 quickly raising an army of jackaby supporters he had taken Edinburgh by September and defeated a British government Force at Preston pans and balen the jacobites then invaded England reaching as far as Darby the British government had to recall 12,000 trips from the continent to deal with the rising many who had been fighting in the war of Austrian succession the jaab soon turned back to Scotland to having attracted relatively few English recruits and without a French Landing as they had hoped for the jacobites with limited French military support attempted to consolidate their control of Scotland whereby early 1746 they were opposed by a substantial government Army after a somewhat Hollow jackovic victory at folor the jackob leadership were left with few other options than to stand and fight the two armies eventually met at codin on terrain that gave cumberland's larger well-rested for to Advantage these references to France however speaks to an important Point how Scottish were the jacobites who fought at codin very quickly if you value these videos and you want me to continue to make them please consider supporting me on patreon thanks to everyone who does support me and thanks to everyone who voted in the recent poll of what videos you wanted to see the Battle of codin was on that list and I'm also going to make videos and on the truth about Hadrian's Wall Part Two and also on the pictor standing stones but for yeah for exclusive benefits and to support this work in general as after all I'm not taxpayer funded like the BBC please check out the link top Link in the video description below and sign up to become a member and of my patreon page for as little as a pound or two per month thank you and now on with the video well there was of course a significant Scottish presence amongst the jackaby ranks but there were also different nationalities involved the Battle of codin speaks to the geopolitics of the time if you were looking for an ally against the English and the British who would you turn to the French of course the STS had lived in Exile in France amongst other places and the French provided military equipment supplies and some trips to the jacobites although at times French support wasn't as strong as the jacobites hoped for as well as a of course large numbers of Scots the jackaby Army at the B of kodin included some English French and Irish troops in fact two units attached to the French Royal Army itself fought at codin the Irish brigades and the Royal Scots or Royal EOS who were L the made up of Irish and Scottish Exiles I am going to do a follow-up video on which Clans fought at codin also the opposing side as well wasn't simply made up of English troops either the reality was that Scots fought on both sides at the Battle of codin one unit that fought on Cumberland side was the Campbell argil militia formed in 1745 to resist the jackaby rising by the chief of Clan Campbell John Campbell fourth Duke of Aro it was made up of Highlanders and it speaks to the history of the independent Highland companies in general which were IR regular militias that were formed by the order of the British government and were made up of Highlanders with this practice dating back to as far back as the early 17th century and you lead up to the battle of kodin the British army practiced a new B drill to combat the Highland charge so unfortunately I forgot my my Bonet in the car so have to improvise instead of Simply stabbing straight in front the British army were trained to stab to the right hand side basically to get around the shield of the jackyes to stabbing to the right how effective this actually was in battle is unknown and but is interesting detail to note around 1 p.m. on the 16th of April 1746 the two sides met the jacobites had attempted to launch a surprise night attack before but this failed as they never reached cumberland's Camp before Daybreak and had to retreat back to kodum M the Highland Army mustered up only around 5 to 6,000 men at codin his Meed arm was very weak and the mly collection of 12 Cannon available was of different calibers and poly served they stood against cumberland's well-trained Army of around 9,000 men made up of a well balanced force of horse and foots supported by 10 3 Cannon and six Mortals the battlefield as well was Ill chosen as it afforded a clear Field of Fire to cumberland's artillery even today visiting the battlefield although it might be slightly different and vegetation may have grown more it immediately strikes you how open the battlefield is and also how uneven the ground is of the battlefield one of the jobit's main weapons would have been the H in charge but to run at any speed over this terrain must have proved extremely difficult the Highlanders were Canon for nearly half an hour without effective reply orders to attack pass slowly down the Highland Army's chaotic chain of command but eventually the Highlanders were Unleashed they charged across the 350 yards of ground separating them from the enemy on the left the McDonald's never reached the British line but the large Highland regiment on the right Clan chattan smashed into barrows fourth and monro's 37th foot with great force they were repulsed after Fierce hand toand combat only a few Highlanders fighting their way through to make an unavailing attack on cumberland's second line at this point the British cavalry began to work their way around the Highlanders flanks converting defeat into a route the pursuit itself extended all the way to veress the actual fighting had lasted less than an hour between 1,000 and 1,500 jacobites were killed few were wounded the casualties in Cumberland site were significantly lower around 50 dead and 2059 winded yes that's 50 in the weeks following the Battle ATT over 1,000 Highlanders were killed after being hunted down by British troops the brutality shown after the battle earned the Duke of Cumberland the nickname The Butcher many Highlanders that fought on the jackaby side or supported the jackob cause were made an example out of one of the most famous examples was Simon Fraser 11th Lord love it the chief of Clan Fraser of love it who was convicted of treason and beheaded on Tower Hill London in 1747 despite being hunted by troops and spies Charles wandered over Scotland for 5 months before escaping to France in final Exile the Battle of codin marked the end of any serious attempt by the jacobites to restore the St Dynasty to the British throne within 10 years of the battle Highlanders were being recruited into the British Army in large numbers to fight in Germany and North America the Battle of kodin remains the last pitch battle on British soil also in the aftermath of the battle the British government imposed restrictive laws aimed at destroying the Clan's hold over the highlands and the gelic culture that underpinned it most famous is probably the 1747 Act of prescription the latest version of numerous laws previously passed to disarm the highlands and this time Highland dress was banned with tarton quots banned other than for soldiers and officers and his Majesty's Force any Highlander wearing Highland dress was to be imprisoned and repeat offenders were to be transported to any of his Majesty's plantations Beyond the Seas there to remain for a space of seven years the government also cleared the way for Outsiders to acquire land in the highlands and to weaken the clan system in general the Highland clearances soon followed the final nail in the Scottish Clan system but what is the truth about the Highland clearences and how impactful where they to find out please click here thanks for watching please subscribe and hit the bell and tell your friends and family about this channel if you would like to support this Channel and through patreon and other means and it 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Channel: Celtic History Decoded

Views: 2,741

Keywords: Celtic History, Celtic History Documentary, History, Celtic, Documentary, Battle of Culloden, Battle of Culloden 1746, Battle of Culloden Documentray, Culloden, Culloden Scotland, Jacobite, Jacobite Risings, 45 Rising, Bonnie Prince Charlie, Duke of Cumberland, William of Orange, Glorious Revolution, Scottish Clans, Scottish Highlands, Scottish History, Scotland, House of Stuart

Id: 4h9kf5Yu8H0

Length: 12min 20sec (740 seconds)

Published: Sun Oct 15 2023