[Music] it's very good to be with you this morning I'm glad you made it through the snow and I want to talk about the solar system you think that's kind of an odd topic for a Sunday morning church service or Sunday school session if you think about it when we're out presenting the gospel of folks and we're telling them they need to trust in Jesus for salvation which we should be doing there are objections to that people will say you can't trust the Bible anymore and one of the main reasons that they give for this is that science has somehow disproved the Bible we hear that all the time and in the area of not just biology I'll say well evolutions the way life came about but also in the area of astronomy is one of them let's say well you know this this the galaxies are billions of years old and they sort of evolved and the earth evolved and so on and what I want to show you today is that science actually does confirm the Bible particularly in the field of astronomy which is my specialty field and so I think it's helpful for us to to know a little bit about astronomy the basics I'm just gonna stick with the solar system because we know so much about it today and and what a blessing that we live in a time where we've actually sent spacecraft out into space that have explored each of the large worlds of our solar system and a lot of the smaller ones too I feel very blessed to live in this time our ancient ancestors could only have imagined it well what these worlds would look like up close and the other thing to note is the contributions of creationists a lot of people don't realize that astronomy really was founded by creation scientists those people who believed in the Bible and believed in biblical creation they did not accept evolution or the millions of years you see evolutionists have to accept the millions of years because they need that to make evolution sound even remotely plausible is it so they need the long periods of time but what I want to show you is that the evidence is consistent with a recent creation the Bible indicates a universe a solar system that's that's much younger than the 4.5 billion years but in fact thousands of years old and it's not a problem for God to speak the universe into existence not a problem at all Bible tells us he made it in six days we'll talk more about that in the main service so this is what our solar system would look like from above if yeah if you could highlight the orbits of the planets and label then this is what it would look like and you'll notice that they are approximately circles they're not exactly circles they're actually kind of squashed a little bit the orbits there they're actually ellipses and it was a creation scientists who discovered that it was Johannes Kepler Johannes Kepler was a very devout Christian originally he was going to go into ministry but then he saw how God was also glorified in astronomy and Kepler even calculated the age of the earth and about 6,000 or 7,000 years something like that using the information in the Bible so he was a Bible scholar but also an astronomer and mathematician very good at math and he realized from data that had been taken by another Christian Tycho Brahe he that from the measurements of the planets that the planets actually orbit in ellipses which is a squash circle one you can see that with with Mercury's orbit there you can see it's sometimes a little closer to the Sun right there and sometimes it's further away from the Sun and Kepler realized that and you might say well yeah I can see that that's not that hard but he didn't have computer software to be able to do that he did it from math he did it from observations that Tycho had taken and it's not trivial because if you think about it all Tycho's observations of planets as seen from the earth and so that's that is a tricky problem because we're on one of these little specks that's orbiting the Sun looking at these other specks orbiting the Sun and it's not it's not trivial to figure these things out brilliant mind so the planets orbit in a clock or a counter clockwise fashion if you're looking over the North Pole of the solar system and the inner planets orbit a lot faster than the outer planets that's something else that Kepler realized he actually figured out the exact formula for the the periods of the planets in relation to their distance to the Sun if he figured their period in years squared is equal to their distance cubed in the appropriate units and so he found out that exact mathematical relationship so it's interesting it's really been creationists who were the founders of astronomy people who believe the Bible how about that and God honored their faith and allowed them to make these wonderful discoveries you can see the inner planets orbiting there as we go out further in the solar system the outer planets orbit at much greater distances and they're just barely moving compared to the inner planets we really have to speed up time quite a bit so the inner planets are really whipping around there in order to get the outer planets to do anything so really kind of amazing a Pluto which is and of course we demoted Pluto so he's not there anymore but actually is there is Pluto but Pluto actually takes 248 years to orbit the Sun once so he it is only it was discovered in 1930 so it's only made a fraction of an orbit since it was discovered but that's what it looks like and and basically you know the Bible tells us that God created the the luminaries to be four signs seasons days and years those are all measurements of time and in our in our modern society you know we have watches and clocks and cell phones that tell us the time but in the ancient world they relied on the heavens to tell the time to tell when to plant when to harvest to discern these things and you can see that that the solar system indeed acts like a clock you can think of each of the planets like a hand on a clock and so and we have a lot of those hands so we can even tell one year from the next and so on so the universe really does confirm what the Bible teaches the planets all orbit basically in the same plane more or less at with exception to Pluto which is one of the reasons it got kicked out by the way but the other the the eight classical planets all orbit about the same plane sometimes you'll see them in textbooks it edit in a perspective angle like that and people think the or that people think that's an overhead view and that they're really squashed well they're not and yet we can see that here with the computer simulation that the orbits are pretty close to circles pretty neat so go back into the inner solar system and you can see just how quick those planets are orbiting compared to the the outer ones so this is their current positions one of the neat things about again living in the time that we live in is we've actually sent spacecraft to all the large objects and our solar system we visited them we've seen them we know what they look like close up and what we can do is we can take those images and create world maps and then map them onto the software and so what I can do is I can simulate what it would look like to actually go there and some people might take this for granted they say well you know these are pretty images but and we're used to seeing beautiful images because there's all kinds of there's all kinds of fiction out there that has wonderful images you know and you see movies like Star Wars and it's very beautiful and yeah but that's all fiction this is fact and truth is often stranger than fiction as they say so what I'm going to show you today are accurate surface renderings from spacecraft that have actually visited these worlds of creation and I want to show you how each one of these declares the glory of God and we'll start with the Sun the Sun is 99.98% the mass of the solar system if the if you think of the solar system if you think of a bowling ball say a ten pound bowling ball and a nickel and a penny these the the the mass of the Sun would be like the bowling ball everything else in the solar system would be the nickel on the penny and Jupiter would be the nickel everything else would be that would the penny so the Sun is very very massive it is a hundred times the diameter of the earth and so just think about that what you're looking at there and this ball of hydrogen gas and it is made of gas it's a hundred times the size of the earth and it has these little spots on the surface which astronomers call sunspots because we're not very creative apparently but those are cooler regions on the Sun and and each one of those would be about the size of the earth some of them are bigger than the earth like you can see there so it just gives you a feel for how massive this thing is and it's in its course its primary purpose is to give light on the earth and and to be for signs seasons days and years and so you might think well why did God create such an enormous object with so much energy I mean the Sun gives off more energy in one second then a billion cities could use in an entire year it just reserved releasing that energy why would God make something so big well I don't know but if it was to impress me he succeeded because I mean they God has unlimited power and of course we now know that those little pinpricks of light you see in the night sky those stars those are sons those are just like the Sun some of them smaller some of them bigger a lot bigger so that's the Sun powered by the fusion of hydrogen and helium that's a very efficient power source and so the Sun can last a very long time before we'd have any kind of problems before we'd have to worry about anything so we've learned a lot about the Sun but I want to get on and talk about some of these planets that orbit the Sun a planet is any large mass that orbits the Sun directly and is large enough to be sort of a spherical in shape so the first the closest planet Mercury was visited by spacecraft in the 1970s and then again more recently we had the messenger spacecraft fly past Mercury again mercury is a lot like the moon it's a it's about one-third the size of the Earth and orbits three times closer to the Sun then the earth does and for that reason it's quite toasty on the day side it has no atmosphere so it's like the moon at anything that any meteor that comes nearby just crashes into the surface and and leaves a crater and so that's why Mercury's surface is covered with craters it reminds us of the the wonderful protection that we have on the earth we have an atmosphere that protects us from a lot of the impacts of craters otherwise we'd look like that and that would not be so good but because mercury has only a well very thin atmosphere but it's it's almost not it's virtually non-existent and for that and it rotates very slowly takes 5058 I think 58 days to rotate once and so the dayside of mercury just gets baked it just gets heated under that sunlight it reaches temperatures of over 800 degrees Fahrenheit so it's quite toasty and then the the night side of mercury because it hasn't seen the Sun in many many many days and because there's no atmosphere to distribute the temperature actually the night side is very cold it's negative a few hundred degrees Fahrenheit which means there's one special place where the temperature is actually pretty comfortable right right so somewhere in between and so my point is if you have to crash-land on Mercury make sure that you land right just before sunrise just after just after sunset right or just before sunrise and the interesting thing is because mercury rotates so slowly if you indeed landed at the Terminator between light and darkness and started running west you could actually outrun heard me yeah you start running west you could actually outrun sunrise long as you keep moving the planet will just rotate underneath you and you'll stay it you'll stay on the night side so but you don't dare stop or the sunrise will catch up with you and eight hundred degrees that's not good so now you know what to do if you crash land on Mercury you've been you've been warned one of the interesting things they found about Mercury when we sent spacecraft past it is that it has a magnetic field like the earth does so your compass would work on Mercury at point to the the poles and so on and that's something that was surprising to the secularists because in their view this planet is supposed to be 4.5 billion years old and magnetic fields decay with time and the smaller the planet the faster they decay and so mercury religion have a magnetic field if it's billions of years old but a friend of mine dr. Russ Humphries who is a he's a PhD physicist and a creationist like myself he believes that God created a few thousand years ago he was actually able to predict that the magnetic field of Mercury should be decaying and when when we sent another spacecraft a messenger spacecraft decades later sure enough the magnetic field has dropped a little bit in the time between those two voyages so it's consistent with a recent creation we're gonna find that as common in the solar system and in the universe as well so that's mercury not really the best planet to visit because of the extreme temperatures and the fact that there's no air that would be kind of a problem to or no water for that matter the next planet out is Venus Venus sometimes has been called Earth's twin because Venus is just about the same size as the earth just very slightly smaller and so it's it's gravity would be similar to the earth you'd weigh about the same just a little bit less on Venus and Venus is permanently covered in clouds and for that reason in the past astronomers really didn't know what to make of Venus because you can never see the surface it's permanently in shroud in clouds and some some evolutionists thought that Venus might have life on its surface because and they were free to speculate unfettered by inconvenient data because of those clouds right so they thought there might be tropical like his Venus is a little closer to the Sun so it's probably a little warmer than the earth and it might have a tropical paradise with all kinds of exotic creatures living on the surface and so on this is before they found the surface temperature to be 900 degrees Fahrenheit so vina Venus has a very thick atmosphere of carbon dioxide so you can you can't breathe that and the and the atmospheric pressure is enough it would crush you and even if that weren't the problem the greenhouse effect makes Venus even hotter than mercury even it's further away from the Sun it's warmer and so it's it's actually 900 degrees out that to the point where you could melt lead really and so that would not be a very pleasant place to live and it doesn't matter whether it's a day or night because it's got that that that atmosphere surrounds the whole planet and so it's just hot all the time now today we have radar and we send a spacecraft past Venus in fact it went into orbit around Venus the Magellan spacecraft and it used radar radar can go through clouds and it mapped the surface of Venus and so today we know the surface of Venus looks like that it looks like in if it you see that that looks very unpleasant you would be right there's not a place you want to visit on your next vacation because in fact those clouds that are that permanently surround Venus made up of sulfuric acid type compounds so there's just there's just lots of wonderful ways to die on Venus it is just a really unpleasant planet yes some people say well wait a minute why did God make a planet with a toxic atmosphere and and you know in and in 900 degrees Fahrenheit well you're not supposed to go there he didn't make it as a vacation spot right he made it to be beautiful and Venus in fact is the it's the third brightest object in the sky because those clouds are very reflective of the sunlight so you got the Sun Moon Venus Venus is the third brightest object perhaps those of you that are early risers have seen it in the East just before sunrise that very bright object that's Venus it is a lovely addition to our solar system Venus also rotates backwards all the other planets well most of the other planets rotates counterclockwise if you look down there North Pole Venus rotates clockwise just exactly the opposite of the other ones and that is really perplexing for secularists because in their view the solar systems supposedly formed from a collapsing nebula and so everything really ought to be spinning in the same direction and at about the same rate and Venus just goes exactly the opposite and I just I think maybe God did it that way just to confuse the second dress because there's no other there's no other reason for that rotates backwards and very slowly Venus's day takes a long time and that atmosphere by the way that atmosphere is so thick it bends it bends light and no our atmosphere does that a little bit and so when you when you see those last little glimpses of this of the sunset the Sun has actually already set but the light gets bent up above the horizon just a little bit on earth with Venus the bending is so severe that the entire surface of the planet gets bent up above its own horizon so if you if you landed on Venus you would see it would seem like you're in a bowl that goes up and stood down very straight because the way the light bends so theoretically if you were on the north pole of Venus and your friend rung the equator with the telescope you could see your friend on the equator because the entire horizon gets bent up very very strange in fact you can eventually see yourself if you if you had a light bulb and you held it up eventually you would see a ring of light around you where the light has gone all the way around the planet and come back to your eyes very strange of course that would be the least of your problems so Venus Earth's sister planet well we got the better sister I can tell you that Earth the next planet out the third from the Sun my very favorite planet I'm partial though I live there all my friends live there all your friends live there and of course Earth is it's just stunningly beautiful and what a privilege that we live in a time where we actually have pictures of the Earth from space and we can actually see how beautiful it is and it is very beautiful and very rich and of course the Earth's designed for life the Bible says God formed it to be inhabited in isaiah 45:18 the earth formed to be inhabited and it really is stunning that that beautiful blue liquid water the water molecules pretty common in space you can get h2o but it's almost always vapor or ice whereas on the earth you have liquid water the atmospheric pressures right the temperatures are right for liquid water we think liquid water is essential for life all life we know of acquires water and so it makes sense that the planet that God formed to be inhabited would have this rich abundance of water on the surface and of course that's also what God used to destroy the wickedness of mankind during be during the flood year and it's interesting - we think the continents probably were different before the flood yet we think they were probably all connected together something like Pangaea something like that and during the flood year those were pushed apart and - into their present positions and that's actually what we think caused the flood the flood was caused by a tectonic event a very rapid tectonic event and so it's interesting the earth has plate tectonics as far as we know the Earth's the only planet with plate tectonics other planets have tectonic activity geology but not plates that can that can move and so it's interesting the one planet that God knew he would have to flood at some point he made floodable he made he behaved built-in to where it could it work it could do that naturally and so it's very interesting earth has all kinds of features that make it suitable for life it does have a protective magnetic field and that protects us from cosmic radiation which is harmful to your DNA it can cause mutations so the earth blocks a lot of those because if it's magnetic field and also its atmosphere the earth has a large moon that orbits that we call it the moon again we're not very creative but and that's what it looks like and the earth has the largest moon in proportion to its size when you compare the size of the moon to the planet Earth winds and that's what the moon looks like as it orbits around the earth that's rotating and so it keeps its same face pointed toward the earth at all times that's called tidally locked that's a very energetically favorable position all large moons do that they keep their same face pointed at their planet which means for thousands of years we had only seen one side of the moon and it wasn't until the nineteen nineteen sixties that we finally were able to send spacecraft past the moon and take pictures of the far side and so so today we can actually do that we can actually show you what the other side of the Moon looks like and I always thought that was pretty neat because when I was a kid my parents actually have a little globe of the of the moon and you can see what the far side looks like and I thought that's just neat because our ancestors could only have guessed at that because the first for nearly six thousand years people who only seen the one side and when we live in the generation where we can see the other and and we've actually put people on the moon it's astonishing to me but it's true it's what it's what can can happen when people work together and they use their god-given intellect and they rely on God's uniform upholding of nature it's amazing what people can accomplish when we are obedient so that's the moon all kinds of craters on its surface again there's no atmosphere on the moon so anything that hits it just impacts and leaves a crater we actually saw a new impact during the last lunar eclipse interestingly we saw in that we saw an impact hit on the southern region of the Moon there the moon has what's called remanent magnetism which means it doesn't have a northern south pole like the earth does it's kind of hacked like having little bits of magnets all over the surface and that's an indication that the moon once had a magnetic field that was pretty strong but it's rundown by now and that's an indication of the youth of the moon it can't be billions years old or remiz remanent magnetism would run out by then so again there's lots of things like that that can from the biblical age of the solar system and the earth in particular so so there we go very lovely planet I wouldn't want to live anywhere else designed for life now although Venus has been called Earth's sister planet the planet that's really the most like the earth is probably Mars not in size Mars is about half the size of the earth and so the gravity would be a little weaker there but Mars has the most similarity in terms of its features Mars has mountains like the earth has it has canyons like the earth has it has riverbeds they're all dry but that indicates that there must have been liquid water on Mars in the past although we don't think there's any today it has clouds that form in the atmosphere sometimes it has polar ice caps like the earth does and they they it has seasons like the earth does because because Mars is tilted and if a planet's tilted it'll have seasons that's what causes that and so the ice caps the northern ice cap shrinks in the summer and it grows in the winter just like on earth and so there's all these similarities and and in some differences as well the rotation of Mars is pretty similar to earth earth takes about 24 hours to rotate Mars takes 24 hours and 36 minutes to rotate which i think is really neat because that means you could sleep in an extra half an hour every morning and it would never catch up with ya so that'd be kind of neat you can see there on the surface there you can see those three is those three spots right there and there's a fourth one there those are volcanoes mass and you think about it we're looking at a planet here and you can see from space these volcanoes there must be massive and they are this one right here is Olympus Mons this is the largest known volcano it's three times taller than Mount Everest and the base of it would cover Iowa so it's it's astonishing how these features build up on Mars there's less gravity they can build up bigger and there's no plate tectonics so hot spots don't move and they just you get these incredible features one feature in particular let me rotate it around here a little bit is this this sort of crack that you can see here this this right here is Valles Marineris this is an enormous tectonic fissure it's like Canyon but it not caused by erosion it's caused by where the crust cracked open and it's it's about though it's like the Grand Canyon but much bigger in fact this is about the width of the United States of America so it just gives you an idea for how these features are on Mars but for all its similarities to earth it has a lot of differences as well the atmosphere of Mars is very thin enough to burn up some meteors but some impact and they leave craters so Mars has craters on its surface some like the moon and the atmosphere is carbon dioxide you couldn't breathe on Mars sorry to say so if you were gonna vacation there that's also not a good place to go but the temperatures a little more tolerable it's not you know it's it's cold on Mars but it's it's not in tolerably cold and so if you wanted to crash land somewhere Mars would be the choice because it would it would kill you this lowest let's put it that way it has two moons Phobos and Deimos their names mean fear and terror there's nothing to be afraid of though see Mars is named after the Roman god of war and what associated with war but fear and terror there's Deimos it's only a few miles across and yes it looks like a potato isn't that interesting you see it's small moons moons that are only a few miles across but Deimos is less than ten miles across they don't have enough gravity to to pull them into a spherical shape and so they tend to have kind of a random shape like a boulder basically a large boulder or orbiting around Mars again only a less than 10 miles across so you could hike around that moon and it would be a nice little hike for you the inner of the two is Phobos and it is possible to see these in a in a backyard telescope if you really know what you're doing there faint but you can see them so there's Phobos and again it's about it's just a little bigger than Deimos it's about ten miles across oddly shaped and orbits very close to Mars in fact it orbits really close to Mars it would be spectacular to stand on this little moon and look up in your sky and see Mars when that'd be amazed and because it's so small the gravity on this little world is very weak in fact you could pick up a rock and throw it into orbit you could actually watch it go over the horizon and you better duck because it's going to come up pitch in the back of the head so it's interesting to see these situations that just wouldn't occur on the earth Mars itself like the moon has remanent magnetism and remanent magnetism again is an indication that Mars once had a a global polar magnetic field that's run down because it's smaller than the earth is and so even in 6,000 years it's run down but if it were billions of years old the rim that magnetism shouldn't be there it should have faded away because magnetic fields decay with time they just naturally do they get weaker and weaker year after year and so there's indications of the youth of Mars a lot of talk about sending people to Mars but that would be that'd be quite a challenge really the moons one thing the news closed means 240,000 miles away some of you have cars with that many miles on them if you got a really good car Mars is millions of miles away and so it's a whole other ballgame there no so far all we've talked about these inner planets they're all they're kind of like the earth or terrestrial because you could you could land on them you'd have to bring a spacesuit because you need something to breathe but you could land on them and there's there's a solid surface the outer planets are different and we'll go to Jupiter knacks Jupiter is a what we call a gas giant a Jovian planet a gas giant and so it there's no there's no surface on Jupiter at least no solid surface it's a ball of gas held together by its own gravity yes gas has gravity if you have enough of it it'll it'll hold itself into a spherical shape that you see there Jupiter is not exactly spherical though because it rotates quickly it takes only 10 hours for this massive ball to turn Jupiter is the largest planet and the solar system 10 times the size of the earth so you could line up 10 Earth's across the equator of Jupiter and because it rotates in ten hours it actually has kind of a slightly non spherical shape to it it's a little bit of elliptical now because it's a ball of gas you get wonderful cloud features on Jupiter and that's what you're seeing there those different colors are different layers of clouds they're like jet streams on the earth but earth only has three jet streams and then given hemisphere Jupiter's bigger so it has more of them and so the these are belts and zones the the dark areas are belts look like the two orange ones you see there near the equator and the light ones are zones and so there's a different different types of clouds clouds not just a water vapour like an earth but clouds of methane and ammonia things of that nature and of course one of the things that people recognize on Jupiter is this great red spot which astronomers call the great red spot yes and that's basically an enormous hurricane you could drop to Earth's right in that thing that's how massive it is see what you know when we when we consider the scale of these things it just it gives us just a little window into the power of God who spoke all of this into existence and that's pretty awesome really if you think about it God spoke and this object ten times the size of the earth left into existence amazing but that hurricane is also amazing I think it's been going on for at least 300 years since we've had telescopes powerful enough to see it now hurricanes on earth don't do that right hurricanes on earth they're powered by the warmth of the ocean and then when they run over land they get cut off from their power source and they decay away but on Jupiter there is no land it's a ball of gas probably becomes liquid at some point but there's no land on Jupiter you can't land on Jupiter's nothing to land on and so that hurricane just keeps going and going and going and it might have been there since creation for all we know and in any case it's very very stable Jupiter has a number of features that indicate that it can't be billions of years old one of them is it has internal heat Jupiter actually gives off twice as much energy as it takes in from the sun's it takes in one unit of energy from sunlight and gives away two from that heat and if it were billions of years old it should have run out of heat by now because it's constantly giving away more energy than it's taking in it should have run out by now a long time ago but in a few thousand years it's not a problem Jupiter also has a very strong magnetic field very strong magnetic field too strong for life it would be a problem if you were to try to live close to Jupiter on one of its moons or something you wanted your moons because that magnetic field induces radiation induces currents and so on so that would be a problematic but magnetic fields decay with time and so when you find a magnetic field that's an indication that it's not billions years old it's consistent with the biblical timescale Jupiter also has a number of moons that orbited over 60 moons that orbit Jupiter most of them are very small they're like those boulders that orbit Mars before of Jupiter's moons are quite large and these were discovered in 1610 by Galileo who was a Bible believer a lot of people don't realize that but in any case when Galileo pointed his telescope at Jupiter he saw these four little starlets next to Jupiter and he realized that those had to be Jupiter's moons and that was evidence that not everything people at that time thought that everything orbited the earth a lot of people did and Galileo realized know these moons orbit Jupiter and that means that not everything orbits the earth so perhaps the Earth orbits the Sun that led him to believe in the heliocentric model of the solar system which is perhaps suggesting suggested in biblical passages like isaiah 40:22 the innermost of Jupiter's four large moons is IO IO is my very favorite moon because nothing looks like IO it is so unique looking isn't that an interesting looking moon it just looks like a like an like an orange that you left in the refrigerator and forgot about it doesn't it yeah really strange enough nothing looks like it although those weird features there that's it's it's a surface composition there's a lot of sulfur on its surface if you've ever been to like Yellowstone National Park the area where the geysers are and you get these weird yellows colors and oranges and so on because of the sulfur compounds well that's basically what IO is like and so the smell would be terrible it would smell like rotten eggs probably but in any case and it has volcanoes going off on the surface io is the most volcanic Li active world in our solar system it's constantly popping off okay noise in fact those little spots that you see there those are not impact craters those are volcanoes each one of those is a volcano when Voyager 2 flew past's IO in the I think was in the 80s early 80's it actually spotted nine-volt Tina's going off at the same time and we think that happens cuz I was in between Jupiter and the next moon Mount Europa and so it gets squashed every time by the gravity of of Jupiter and Europa and that heats up the interior but it might just be an indication that it's that it's young because worlds that are not billions of years old can still have internal heat and then a wonderful moon and you could imagine the view from this moon too as you looked in your night sky if you're on the if you're on the correct side of aisle you could see Jupiter and your night sky that would be quite spectacular wouldn't it so that's IO the innermost of Jupiter's four moons the next one out is Europa IO and Europa are both about the same size as Earth's moon just to give you a comparison and Europe is known because it has these strange streaks across its surface like scratch marks like a big cosmic cat came and just swipe the surface like that especially on this side isn't that fascinating and we're not exactly sure what causes those but one theory is that they're caused by ice geysers so it warmth from the interior of Europa causes material to stream out into space and if that's the case then it would be good evidence that this moon is not anywhere near billions years old it's consistent with the biblical timescale of thousands of years so it was quite interesting the the the variety that God has created in our solar system these moons all look so unique and different a third moon out from Jupiter of the large four moons as Ganymede Ganymede is the largest moon in the solar system it's actually bigger than the planet Mercury but because Ganymede orbits another planet rather than the Sun directly it's classified as a moon if it orbited the Sun directly it would be a planet for sure and I just love the color of Ganymede because it's got this sort of Triton tricolour it's got the you got the white spots and then you get a medium brown and then a dark brown and yeah and you realize that when you see all these colors on all these moons you realize we kind of got ripped off on our moon because our moons very gray but some of these moons are just stunningly beautiful and so that is that's Ganymede and then the outermost is Callisto Callisto is just a little bit smaller than Ganymede and again this is all real this is not this is not Star Wars special-effects this is data we we have because we've sent spacecraft past these little moons this is what you would see if you were there and truth is stranger than fiction God has designed some lovely artwork out in space so those are the four inner moons the four big moons I should say of Jupiter and it has other moons that are even closer and a lot that are farther away the interesting thing about Jupiter's moons the the inner moons all orbit in the same direction same directions Jupiter as pro-grade and they all orbit in the same plane and that is a design feature because if they if they were there's not a lot of space available there and so if they were orbiting in different directions there'd be a chance of collision or there'd be a chance that two would come close to each other and their gravity would kick them out because these moons are at least the four big ones there they're big they've got gravity and so they have to be organized that way the outer moons of Jupiter however don't have to be organized that way there's a lot more space available and so the outer moons kind of do what they want look at that and if we speed up time you can see the inner moons all go the same way the outer moons some of them go backwards a lot of them go backwards actually relative to Jupiter as you can see there it looks very chaotic but in fact each of those outer moons has its own stable orbit elliptical orbit it's just they're all in different orientations and they're not even in the plane of Jupiter's equator as we can see if we rotate the system around the inner moons are all in the same plane the Ottomans kind of do what they want and they can and that's a design feature because there's a lot of space available out you know in these outer regions of Jupiter looks crowded but it's not it's actually there's a lot of space between these moons and so for that reason the chances of collision are remote so that's the Jupiter system visited by a number of spacecraft pioneer 10 and 11 Voyager 1 and 2 and then the Galileo spacecraft and I think Cassini flew flew by it as well so Saturn then is the next planet now everybody's favorite right besides Earth because Saturn has that beautiful ring system and it's a lot of fun to look at in a small telescope you can see those ring in fact you can even see the rings in really good binoculars you just got to know which ones Saturn and I've got some books by the way out there that will tell you how to find that if you're interested in doing something like that so there's the Saturn system the planet itself is a lot like Jupiter just a little smaller Saturn's about nine earths across but it has that amazing ring system which are basically trillions of tiny little moons that orbit around Saturn's equator and so many that you can't pick out anyone they kind of blend together and so it's really a very beautiful planet and fortunately the Lord tilted this planet by the way that's surprising from a secular perspective because if our solar system formed from an accidental collapsing nebula everything ought to be spinning in the same direction and upright the Saturn is tilted substantially and that's good because if it weren't you would never know that it had rings because when Saturn is that John you cannot see the Rings interestingly and so fortunately the Lord tilted that planet there's a famous image of Saturn that shows it in a crescent phase kind of like that and that's and that's a neat image a lot of people don't realize the significance of that you can't see a crescent Saturn from Earth because in order to see something in a crescent phase you have to be farther away from the Sun than the object and so this is a proof that we really have sent spacecraft past Saturn and it's a it's just quite lovely to look at Saturn sometimes will develop storms on its surface and you can see these in a backyard telescope there's fun to watch like Jupiter Saturn has a strong magnetic field and that is an indication that it cannot be anywhere near billions of years old because magnetic fields decay with time we know that happens we've been able to measure the decay of Earth's magnetic field there's no way it's billions of years old the magnetic field decay would limit Earth's age to sixty thousand years maximum and even that's an extreme upper limit and Saturn likewise has that strong magnetic field has a number of interesting moons that orbit around Saturn one of the most famous is tighten and tighten looks really odd because it's it's bright orange there's nothing that looks like that and you can even see Titan in binoculars when you look at Saturn it'll always see this little orange star next to it and that is Titan it's I think the second largest moon in the solar system for a while they thought it was the largest but it actually looks a little bigger than it is because it's got a thick atmosphere of hydrocarbons but gasoline is a hydrocarbon so gasoline would be really cheap on Titan because it's what's made up basically but on the other hand oxygen would be expensive so count your blessings there's no oxygen on Titan so that'd be a problem but we we've sent spacecraft past Titan we've actually landed a probe on on the surface interestingly and some of the spacecraft have mapped the surface using radar and so we know what the surface looks like it looks kind of like that now we have one side and lower resolution the other side and higher resolution and we think those are methane lakes interestingly a lot of methane on Titan and that is a problem for billions of years because methane is destroyed by ultraviolet light from the Sun and so if if Titan really were billions of years old the methane should be gone but in fact it's abundant and so that's an indication that it's thousands of years old but nowhere near billions of years old lots of stuff like that in the solar system so that's the that's the moon Titan you go back to Saturn here all kinds of moons around Saturn that are interesting but Titan is just unique because it's the only moon that has that thick atmosphere there's another moon around Saturn it's very interesting it's called I pitous and the interesting thing about hypothesis is when astronomers first discovered it they found they could only see it when it was on the right side of Saturn but not when it was on the left side of Saturn how does that work it seemed to disappear at half of every orbit well like all large moons but this keeps it same face pointed towards Saturn which means when it's on the right side of Saturn you see one side when it's on the other side of Saturn you see the other side what if one side is very bright and other side very dark that would account for that one that and so when the spacecraft flew past I put this they confirmed that indeed one side is very dark as we spin it around the other side is white as snow is that interesting and so again the Lord is very creative and some of the things that he is he is made beautiful little moon and unlike the near moons I Pat this orbits out of the plane of the Rings so idea that'd be a fun moon to have a base on because then you could see Saturn and its rings and all their glory and that would be quite lovely so there's an interesting how each of these worlds just displays God's creativity especially that ring system has just ingenious and and very beautiful God is God has an artistic sense in fact we derive our artistic sense from God anyway so he's the ultimate artist in the 1980s 1986 Voyager 2 flew past the planet Uranus and found well we already knew this that Uranus is tilted on its side and that is very perplexing to the secularists because again if the solar system formed from a collapsing cloud everything ought to be spending the same way and upright and and Uranus is tilted like 90 degree 96 degrees relative to its orbit around the Sun and and what that means is sometimes the North Pole is pointed right at the sign that that was the configuration when Voyager 2 flew past this world and it measured a very strong magnetic field by the way truss Humphreys in 1984 he's the physicist who's a creationist a friend of mine he predicted that the magnetic field of Europe of this planet Uranus would be detectable and he predicted what it would be based on its age of 6,000 years the secularists had their prediction too they pretty good the magnetic field should be basically dead because they think this planets 4.5 billion years old and therefore the magnetic field should have decayed away millions of years ago and when Voyager 2 flew past it detected a magnetic field that was right spot on what dr. Humphreys had predicted so you see how creationists if you if you start with the Bible you're gonna tend to make correct predictions if you ignore the Bible and rely on guesswork you're gonna tend to make wrong predictions that's just the way it works you want to know the truth about the universe you better start with the what the Creator the universe is said about the universe that's what it comes down to Uranus sometimes develops clouds on it but in in that particular year and that in that particular date when Voyager 2 flew past it was a sunny day on Uranus there's not a single cloud in the sky just recently they took some Hubble images of the planet Uranus and and now it's course the seasons are different now it's an it's in a different season and one hemisphere is almost completely covered in white clouds it's beautiful it's just really that that sky blue with the clouds on top of it it's is very lovely Uranus has a number of moons and it's five five that are relatively large Miranda Ariel unreal titania and Oberon here's Miranda and it looks like some kind of catastrophe happened on Miranda because there's that big checkmark kind of an inverted checkmark on the side which is quite lovely now we only know what the northern hemisphere of these moons look like because they also are tilted as they orbit around the equator of the planet Ernest so that strong magnetic field again is an indication of the youth of this planet so that was 86 when that was when Voyager fleetwood passed that and then an 89 voyager flew past Neptune and that was possible by really by divine providence it was only in the 1980s where all the planets lined up the outer planets lined up into this perfect arc where we could we could use the gravity of one planet to slingshot Voyager to to the next planet to the next planet to the next planet so one spacecraft was able to visit four planets in a row because God had lined them up in just the right way such that when technology developed to the point we could send spacecraft into space we could do all four it's very neat and that doesn't happen very often where they line up that way so there's the planet Neptune and it's similar to Uranus it's about four times the size of the earth has a strong magnetic field which indicates that it's not billions years old it has internal heat like Jupiter in fact it gives off 2.6 times as much energy as it receives the sign so it's it would be a problem if it were billions of years old because why is it why isn't it cooled off by now it's kind of like if you you know you came across a piece of charcoal and it's hot it's glowing would you say well yeah that's probably been like that for millions of years no you'd say but obviously very recently it was in a fireplace or something yes it's obviously been cooling off since then so Neptunes like that not that it's warm it's just warmer than it should be if it were billions of years old stunningly a stunning beauty blue color caused by probably by Rayleigh scattering of the of the methane molecules and then of course it has a a large storm much like Jupiter's red spot it also has a great dark spot on its surface but unlike Jupiter's red spot this one is unstable it comes and goes sometimes it's not there and sometimes there's another one that forms in the northern hemisphere so the the weather patterns are a little different on Neptune for reasons that are not completely understood there's a lot of mysteries that the Lord still has in place for us in the solar system there regarding the moons it has a number of moons some of them were discovered fairly recently but one of one of the most interesting ones is Triton because Triton is the only large moon that orbits backwards and you can see it out there orbiting the opposite way as the other ones and it's not in the plane of the of the equator of the planet either so there's little Triton and Voyager 2 flew past it as well what if you're wondering why some of that's low resolution well Voyager was far away when it got the pictures of that side and then as it got closer this thing's rotating and so fortunately we got some really good wrestling resolution images of this side and we discovered something really fantastic here if you if we zoom in a bit you can see these these dark streaks you see those those are nitrogen geysers and so they carry suit up with them into a very thin atmosphere and then the atmosphere blows kind of east to west and so it as the suit falls out of suspension that causes these dark streaks so every one of those is a geyser and that tells that tells us that Triton has internal energy which which can't be if it were billions of years old it should have run out of that energy a long time ago so again it's an indicator of the youth of the solar system lots of stuff like that this was this really had the sector is scratching their heads because how could it possibly have any internal heat after billions of years but it does and we see evidence of that with those with those nitrogen geysers there so Neptune is a really neat planet it was discovered by its perturbation on the orbit of Uranus the planet Uranus when it was discovered was off from where it was predicted to be and to mathematicians independently said well there must be another planet out there pulling on it and I calculated the location of Neptune and one of them sent his prediction into an observatory and said if you point your telescope here I'm pretty confident you'll find a new planet and sure enough there it was just amazing that well the barrier was credited with the discovery of Neptune and he's said to have been the man who discovered a planet with the point of his pen because he did it from math and it really shows you the power of mathematics as a gift of God to us that we can actually discover things before we see them and pretty amazing so the Neptune the Neptune system and I think we're pretty much out of time so I'm going to go ahead and we wanted to do Pluto but that's okay it's it's cool too don't take my word for it so thank you very much for having me out to speak I really appreciate it there are some resources over there on your way out and I want thank you very much for
