The SCARIEST Disease Ever??

this video is sponsored by brilliant find the link in the description below rabies is absolutely horrifying some would even go as far as to say that it creates literal zombies and in today's video we're going to use the cadavers to take a look at the various organs and tissues that are affected by the rabies virus as well as discuss the many symptoms associated with it this is going to be a scary one let's do this [Music] let's start off by discussing what rabies even is in the first place now rabies is going to translate to madness or rage which is pretty telling about what this is capable of but rabies is a disease that is going to be typically caused by the rabies virus although it can be caused by other viruses but regardless of the virus those are all going to be examples of what are called lissa viruses and lissa is going to translate to violent which again is going to be pretty telling about what this is capable of but rabies today is capable of killing anywhere between 50 and 70 000 individuals worldwide per year and it's an example of what's called a zoonotic disease meaning that it's transmitted from animals to humans although there have been some cases of direct human to human transmission they're going to be extremely rare but it happens in things such as organ transplants which is absolutely terrifying to think about but by far and large it's going to be transmitted from animals to humans and specifically for mammals so this is going to be transmitted or capable of being transmitted from things like cows bats are a very big one dogs cats literally if it's a mammal it's capable of transmitting rabies the rabies virus is what is called neurotropic meaning that it is specifically adapted to attack the nervous system it can and does attack other tissues in the body but it's specifically there to attack the nervous system and that actually plays a pretty big role into why it's so difficult to treat and when i say difficult i mean difficult there have only been a handful of people who have survived the infection once symptoms start to show up that's why you'll commonly see it be described as being 100 percent fatal if you if one symptom starts showing up however if you get treated in time and that's typically within 10 days of being bit by an infected animal it's a 100 preventable disease so it's either 100 preventable you're going to be fine or 100 fatal and you're going to die so those that's both of the i i i feel like i understand which option i would personally like now i do need to mention its incubation period that's basically the time frame that it takes from being bit until when symptoms start to show up and then you die and it's typically around one to three months however there have been cases where people have started to display symptoms just a few days after being bit and then there are other cases where it's taken multiple years in preparation for this video i stumbled upon a case study of an individual who had bitten been bit by a dog eight years previously and then died when the doctor started looking into the specific type of virus that caused his rabies they discovered that it was only found or usually found in dogs in brazil and so they asked his family has he ever been to brazil and they said yes he went to brazil and got bit by a dog eight years ago which means that the virus was just kind of sitting in there in his body and then it finally made its way into his nervous system and killed him which is absolutely horrifying so what we're going to do now is we're actually going to take a look at the cadavers and we're going to kind of follow we're going to say if you get bit we're going to follow the virus as it starts to make its way and propagate through your body so let's go ahead and jump on over to a cadaver you are looking at a left arm that has been cut mid brachium so this right here is going to be the humerus and you can see like biceps brachii here and then you can see all of the anabrachial muscles or forearm muscles so let's go ahead and say that you get bit by a rabid dog in the arm and so the as it punctures into the muscle tissue it's going to be delivering the virus into the muscle tissue now remember the rabies virus is not adapted to replicate very easily in muscle tissue what it's really going to be going for and open this up here is nervous tissue like this this is the ulnar nerve you can also see it kind of branching off right here and then we also have the median nerve so the target based on this bite location is going to be these nerves one of these nerves or both of these nerves now you have to understand there are going to be countless offshoots that are going to be permeating the muscle tissue to make these all these muscles work so the virus is going to be replicating very slowly inside of the muscle tissue and this is one reason why it can take so long for you to display symptoms but as soon as it gets into the nervous system that's when you can start feeling numbness and tingling in that area so if you ever get bit by a rabid dog or any kind of animal and you start feeling numbness and tingling in the area that is a sign that the virus is starting to make its way into the nervous system and you also might start displaying a fever and a headache so you might start feeling fluidish this is your body trying to mount some kind of defense against the virus those are all very strong signs that you have or you could potentially develop the raby rabies disease so now that what's going to start happening is the virus is going to let's go back here is going to start traveling in a retrograde direction sorry let me get this here and it's going to start traveling up the nerve and it's going to start making its way up this nerve until it's eventually going to get to the spinal cord and the spinal cord is going to be part of the central nervous system so let's go ahead and jump on over to a different cadaver and check that out let's go ahead and orient you because it might be a little difficult to understand what you're looking at at first these bones here these are going to belong to your cervical spine so you're looking at the neck this is the front of the neck right here then we have the back of the head back the neck right there this is going to be the tongue then we have the roof of the mouth and then this all this tissue here these are part of the meningeal system this would wrap the brain which we've removed the brain would be located right there but what i want to focus on is going to be this tissue here this is the spinal cord now the spinal cord belongs to the central nervous system with the brain and that's because they're running down the center of your body like literally central nervous system now it's going to then branch out into the peripheral nervous system which we just saw that was like the median and the ulnar nerves but this spinal cord is going to be running basically from the bottom of your head all the way down to your first and second lumbar vertebrae now let's go ahead and understand that once the virus gets into the spinal cord it has a straight shot to the brain the spinal cord is essentially a highway of neurons traveling to and from the brain going down the torso so once the virus gets in there it's just able to go directly up to the brain now we should take a brief moment to discuss the location of the bite and how that can influence you because let's say you get bit in a toe as opposed to getting bit in the arm well that's actually going to take longer for the virus to get up to the brain so you're going to have a longer incubation period because it's going to have to get into the muscles get into the nerves go up to the spinal cord go up the entire length of spinal cord as opposed to just right up there or let's say you get bit in the neck or the face the closer you get bit to the brain the faster that virus is going to be able to get to the brain so with that said let's jump on over to a brain and discuss what happens when the virus gets there you are looking at both hemispheres of the human cerebrum and i say cerebrum because we've removed the cerebellum and brain stem from down below you're also going to notice that there is some damage to the brain this brain was removed by a student of ours during a dissection course but all things considered i think she did a phenomenal job now you're also going to notice there is a separation between the left and right hemispheres this is called the longitudinal fissure and then you're also going to see a ton of amazing blood vessels embedded inside of the meningeal tissue on the surface of the brain now if you look closely see this spot here that's the actual color of the brain tissue underneath the meningeal vessels and meningeal tissue so if we removed this layer here it would look more like that spot but once the rabies virus gets to the brain itself this is where it starts dividing like crazy remember it's neurotropic so it's designed to attack and thrive and replicate in this brain tissue so it's going to start dividing like crazy and that's going to cause the brain to swell up right the brain is going to start expanding and pressing against the skull and this is going to start creating a whole variety of symptoms and these are the symptoms that you probably think of when you're thinking of rabies so things like anxiety insomnia aggression but it doesn't always have to be aggression or agitation it also could be paralysis and some individuals they get what's called a paralytic form of rabies where they just become paralyzed but in most cases they do become agitated they can you start getting twitching and just sometimes violent movements but when i say aggression um there's this there's this thinking that this aggression is going to be just like they're going to attack other individuals that can happen but it's not as though it's just this relentless zombie type of attack in reality it could just be an outburst of violence i'm not saying that's really better but at the same time i don't want you to think that they're just completely hyper aggressive at all times but you're definitely going to get that now the next thing that's going to happen is the virus is going to start pushing out of the brain and as it starts pushing out of the brain because once it gets there and it starts dividing like crazy it's now going to start pushing back out the peripheral nervous system and it goes to the organs it starts going all throughout the body it's at this stage you could also start getting nausea and vomiting with um that infection but this is when you're then going to slip into a coma shortly after this and then you are going to die and death typically occurs around 2-10 days after symptoms onset and again it just really depends on you and a couple different factors but this is a very fast-acting virus once it gets into you it's replicating very quickly which is one reason why it's so difficult to treat and you want to do this right away because once it starts dividing there's really not much you can do but the virus is going to want to be transmitted to its next host it doesn't want to just die with you and that's where it's going to make its way to the salivary glands so let's go ahead and jump on over to another cadaver dissection and check those out once again i want to orient you so you understand exactly what you're looking at here this is going to be the trachea or your windpipe this is the thyroid gland if i scoot this muscle to the side this is your voice box or your larynx and that makes this part of the tongue that has been cut and then you can see the back of the throat or part of the pharynx but what we really want to focus on is going to be this thing right here this is called the submandibular salivary gland and if you also look closely hopefully we can see this there are ducts and what's going to happen is that submandibular salivary gland is going to be secreting saliva through the ducts which will then empty into the oral cavity and the pharynx and that's going to be important for digestion but for rabies what's going to happen is once the virus is pushing out of the brain it's going to start going to this salivary gland as well as a few others because you do have other salivary glands and it's going to cause them to start hyper secreting saliva so saliva is just pouring and emptying into your oral cavity and mouth and this is again because the virus wants to be transmitted to its next host remember one of the symptoms was aggression now in four-legged creatures in mammals one of their most effective defense mechanisms is to bite so this makes complete sense because then what will happen is they're foaming at the mouth they're hyper salivating filled with virus and then cut and then they want to bite and as they do that then you can then transmit that virus to the next host for human beings biting is not really all that common i don't know about you but i mean like it's not my go-to defense mechanism sure biting can happen during a fight or something along those lines but it's not your go-to and that's because just humans we don't attack with our faces like a lot of other creatures do on this planet which is one reason why biting is not actually seen to be a symptom a common symptom in rabies patients for human beings does it happen absolutely and you'll hear stories from facilities that are designed to treat rabies patients where they have to do padded rooms lock them in there or possibly even tie down the patients to prevent them from biting but it's not common enough to be said to for it said to be a common symptom it's not something that you are guaranteed to have happen which is a little strange uh because you when you think of rabies you think of a raccoon you think of a dog you think of them biting and transmitting it but for humans it's just not an effective mode of transmission but regardless the virus is still going to be going to the salivary glands and causing that hypersalivation in an attempt for that to happen but you also have to understand that the pharynx which i'm touching palpatine right here and the esophagus are also going to start spasming violently closed and they do that because they don't basically the virus does not want the saliva to go down your esophagus and go into your digestive tract because it dilutes it it wants to be as potent as possible so it literally starts closing off and what that's this helps to create is what's called hydrophobia rabies patients and rabies and animals infected with rabies display a fear of water because think about it by drinking the water it would dilute the virus so when you actually bring water close to a rabies patient they will pull away they can even get violent with that pulling away because what will happen is the pharynx and the esophagus will start spasming and it's extremely painful so they display this fear of water absolutely terrifying so was it a zombie virus i don't think i'd go that far mainly because most patients aren't going to be biting like crazy they may be aggressive but even that aggression is not relentless type of aggression that you would see in a zombie it's more sporadic and they can have violent outbursts but it's not as though they are just like chasing you down and trying to eat you or anything like that there's definite similarities to what you'd i mean a quote-unquote zombie but i still wouldn't go as far as to say it's uh that you're actually turning into a zombie i think there's a lot of hype around the severity of rabies when you compare that to a zombie which is why you hear that a lot but in my personal estimation i don't think it quite classifies as a zombie virus despite being absolutely horrifying there are plenty of other pathogens and diseases equally terrifying as rabies however filtering through the hype and coming to a realistic expectation can be quite the challenge that's why learning to think like a scientist is one of the most important things you can possibly do that is if your goal is actually accuracy and truth that's why i'm such a big fan of today's sponsor brilliant brilliant is an interactive online learning platform for stem subjects that is math logic science and computer science their courses on scientific thinking are the perfect way to start navigating this fun yet definitely intense headspace these courses which are completely interactive are designed to challenge and dramatically improve your problem-solving capability and intuition this skill set is useful in a variety of real-world scenarios as well as what can be best described as science fiction if you're interested visit brilliant.org iha or you can just click the link in the description below and the first 200 people there will get 20 off their annual subscription thanks for watching everybody and i'll see you in the next video [Music] [Music] you

Channel: Institute of Human Anatomy

Views: 4,427,808

Keywords: rabies, what is rabies, is rabies contagious, what does rabies do, how dangerous is rabies, rabies virus, is rabies a virus, how bad is rabies, lyssavirus, can you die from rabies, zombie, does rabies make you a zombie, is there a zombie virus, could zombies exist, are there real zombies, incubation period for rabies, rabies symptoms, hydrophobia, foaming at the mouth, why does rabies make you bite, rabies bite, what can give me rabies, anatomy, human anatomy, human cadaver, ioha

Id: L2ZVokk54Iw

Length: 16min 29sec (989 seconds)

Published: Fri Oct 15 2021

Reddit Comments

[u/Some_Doughnutter]

Terrifying!

[u/FeelingDesigner]

I love how he doesn’t mention that 99,9% of rabies is due to dogs. Probably doesn’t want to trigger the doglovers.

[u/JonathanSourdough]

That channel is so cool, been watching thier stuff for the last few months.

[u/Mashed-Cupcake]

Man do I wish I had this vid whenever I made my rabies post! This video explains how the virus envolves/travels trough a human body. Don’t watch if you can’t stand organs though…