The New Scramble for Africa | Empire

Africa hopeless corrupt dysfunctional just not a place to do business but suddenly everything changed suddenly Africa is the place to be and foreign investment is flooding in and foreign powers are coming back and that's why we've come to Africa when the global business media is suddenly interested when even the Economist the neoliberal bible of free trade and free markets changes their forecasts from hopeless to hopeful somebody should ask the question hopeful for whom so people died for the cause of Africa voiceless independence they have been attempt at establishing democracies but in the end of the day what we see is the French are there and expanding the Americans are there and expanding the Chinese are there expanding like health but where are Africans from those challenges that we're talking about are we going to back to the same old historical events most of our growth we see we are talking about six percent GDP per annum and those kind of stuff but they are coming from mining they are no real it retained out today or higher passing the atomic from where from - access basically our resources go - I go to my home village and it's the same as it was ten years your home village where I'm in Botswana it's about States priorities they don't even care about the masses when you are talking about these deals you come to setting countries all state enterprises now have been privatized because it gets the state or the bureaucrat something in the others bigger what I'm trying say and indigent yellowbeard so I didn't any in you're poaching it show the youth so there are lots of unemployment in Africa now part of Africa because things are just more working for centuries Africa was treated like a chessboard by competing global powers but for a moment about half a century ago it seemed that there was a sliver of hope that somewhere between the darkness of colonialism and the horrors of an emerging cold war that popular movements were winning independence taking matters into their hands Africa was rising but in the Cold War killed the dream Moscow and Washington divided the content into new spheres of influence proxy wars plunged the continents into civil war but two decades after the Cold War it seemed that Africa is rising again that investments are flowing in we need to ask the big question and we need to ask it in Africa our Africans at last taking matters into their own hands or is this just another Scramble for Africa our journey starts in Kenya our first stop is X capital Nairobi Nairobi by old African standards is a young colonial city it was built on the railway towards the port of Mombasa today Nairobi is buzzing it's dead financial and trade hub of East Africa you will see trucks and cranes everywhere developers at work except they're not from the West they're from the East China is now Africa's biggest trading partner in just 10 years China's trade with the continent has grown from 10 billion to over 200 billion dollars at least 2,500 Chinese companies are operating in Africa and more than a million Chinese nationals have moved here to do business in Kenya Chinese companies are visible everywhere but they are remarkably camera shy we were chased off this construction site and were turned down by dozens of Chinese firms before we found a businessman who was eager to speak with us Kenya and Africa is a you know is a hopeful Island and is in the early stage of taking off so we believe there are a lot of opportunities when gal I moved to Kenya 10 years ago he says there were only a handful of Chinese living here now there are tens of thousands the computation up between the US about this land of Africa I have my own opinion they decide to look east in our Kenya or Africa country we'll make a decision which one is better under which one I will take and Kenya like most of the continent is choosing China for its big infrastructure projects the excellency the president will now proceed to view the board our display last August three African heads of state celebrated the chinese-built expansion to the port of Mombasa it will soon be linked to a Chinese built railway connecting five East African countries your excellence is that is what our region a railway for 3.5 million dollars connection to the port build sports that's right it's quite the achievement for Africa and foreign and there's ports already in every African country that has a oceanfront and those ports were built by another imperial power one or another in the last century this is what imperial powers do they build ports so that they can send their goods to that country and so that they can export from that country to their markets the things they need from that country you don't think Africa needs that this kind of infrastructure anyway at any rate Africa desperately needs infrastructure whether it needs infrastructure on these terms is the question they are negotiating many of these deals on the basis of a kind of barter secure supply of resources for a piece of infrastructure that's a type of modern barter most people elsewhere are not doing that kind of trade or investment with Africa the second thing that they are doing which makes this arguably very far from a win-win situation this China is creating these very powerful feedback loops for its own victory its own wind that really cut Africa or African countries out of the equation in terms of the benefits so the blueprints and engineering no turnover no no handover it's all Chinese all Chinese the workers they send over five hundred or a thousand workers they do this for two years I've been on projects where even the people pushing wheelbarrows so Chinese so what you're saying is that the loan is Chinese the investment is Chinese the plans are Chinese the designs are Chinese and the implementations and the workers are Chinese many times even the materials are Chinese are you actually importing the materials mean the salaries of the workers are typically or at least very often Bank in China so win-win is a propaganda slogan it's not an accurate description of this sort of urge imperialism evolves it's different from age to age the circumstances change what's what doesn't change is the balance of power between the two parties that are engaged in imperialism the weekend of the stronger weaker and the stronger and the weaker has an inability to resist or a lack of alternatives for the bucket and that's exactly what we're talking about I'm very skeptical about the whole Africa rising narrative what civilization can one reference that has ever been developed by foreigners but you also seems to be creating an elite that are benefiting from all the investments benefiting from the studying of the land benefiting from the new security situation I think the old word for that if you read your France phenom is the comprado elite this is not new we just have a new a new a new class of elite you have your kind of post structural adjustment oligarchs and others you know who are now I'm skimming off the top of these new deals there are three ways of looking at Africa's so-called growth a possibility one is that it is real the numbers prove it seven are the ten fastest-growing economies in the world are in Africa as a continent Africa is growing at seven to ten percent faster than any other continent in the world the other way of looking at it is that this is fake all fake it's a false go on Africa's growth is fuelled by debt and the mass sale of natural resources and then there's a third scenario which is yes Africa is growing yes Africa is prospering but who's benefiting Africans and their majorities or only a few oligarchs only the elite that is linked to global finance and global power so which is it and this is the question I need to take to the man in charge of industrializing Kenya a former banker turned Minister you're a former banker great and you know what I'm talking about when I say that there is no real development going on in building any industrial infrastructure and that and the continent or in the country in fact you're low tech manufacturing has dropped in terms of production and in terms of exports and now you're importing a huge number of Chinese cheap products correct China turned into the factory of the world where not only Africa but many you know countries globally have moved their productions into China this is now the perfect time for Africa to become what China was many years ago but you're signing contracts that says 70 percent of the labor for all these projects is going to be Chinese well I mean there are cases like that in different part it's not like worst case it's not like that across Africa there's no infrastructure project the Chinese do without it being put on a tender international tender people bid and the most poor and the Chinese one Chinese way so that is the nature of the opening but we know that even before the process starts because they're providing the credit they're the ones who are ready to do the barter and they are ready to under the other price the rest because they are with their they have a long-term plan there are things that you can do as a country as government and there are things that you need to do with support of private capital or foreign capital we must make the grounds convenient and conducive for people to want to come and invest in Africa but but for the time being this is all theory well it is it is not theory is a plan that just needs to be executed the perky Adobe in a pool now seal away the moon for most of us non-africans this is the exotic continent open skies open horizon natural beauty global powers have loan projected their fantasies and fears on Africa the continent who presents expanding markets cheap labor and natural resources on the other hand it's the incubator of their worst nightmares instability ethnic conflicts and global terrorism with the drawdown in Iraq and Afghanistan the US war on terror has pivoted to Africa last year the u.s. Africa Command run over 400 missions in more than 35 African nations the u.s. is training equipping or running joint exercises with most of the militaries on the continent the number two in Yukon General Charles wall and came out with a statement the Sahara is a swamp which we must drain of terrorism he talked of 30,000 terrorists having swarmed out of Afghanistan through the Sudan through Chad Tunisia through Mali up to Algeria I've never found a trace of one he's been on that route professor Jeremy Keenan has written five books about Africa and the war on terror he argues that the threat of terrorism was initially greatly exaggerated both by the US military and by African leaders so you have these very dictatorial governments basically referring to any civil society movement that at any angst or complaint against the government they're been branded as sort terrorists is what I call terrorism rents you're actually getting money off fabricating creating terrorists and of course your opposition gets dubbed as as terrorists it is being described as a new front in the war on terror what has happened in the last year or two is that it's got out of control it is now becoming serious it's become a self-fulfilling prophecy worldwide attention is growing over the Islamist militant group Boko Haram should we know about Al Shabaab al-qaida in the Maghreb which is this group has a safe haven and training grounds for al Qaeda exactly what Afghanistan was in the 1990s so now the Global War on Terror has come to Africa and it's expanding from Nigeria to Kenya from Algeria to Uganda it's as if Washington has recreated its School of the Americas into a new school of Africa one where under the rubric of African American advisors trained African security forces to fight Washington's war on terror so is the new military aid helping stabilize Africa or is it dragging the continent into a war that's not its own in a very tough neighborhood in East Africa and Kenya has always been something of a safe haven if you were to present five years ago the idea that that in five years time your country is going to be in a state of siege facing a constant threat of grenade attacks bombings or mass scale killing little truly that's impossible the African intervention in Somalia especially and was predicated on the idea that America was going to avoid embarrassment by putting its own boots on the ground so African boots could be put on the ground in other ones are officially not sourced the war on terror to you yes the war on terror you absolutely and you feel more secure now of course not I mean what are the implications of them what are the implications well what we are seeing in this country in Kenya today is is a total backlash blowback really against against our presence in in Somalia it's feel sometimes and in a lot of places like we're in a state of siege like a state of siege yes Marcelino isn't alone in these feelings even the prime minister who first sent troops to Somalia has had a change of heart he now finds himself in the opposition and is calling for a troop withdrawal parameter have you enlisted in the US war on terror in East Africa yes it's unfortunate that we are the mids of the war on terror it's something that circunstances has imposed on us and it started under you you're the one who sent the troops to Somalia yes we called it operation Linda Anxi meaning the desperation to protect the country but don't you think occupation of Somalia generates more radicalism and extremism nothing - that's why we was have an exit strategy but you don't think the president is in the salon because he just declared a war on terror still the fighting mood he's a fighting mood that does not bode well for the country as you said the continent of probably need more stability not not more war yeah that's what we need most ability that the raw desert its war on terror war on terror now right might have not reachable to Anna yet but I think he's yeah Oh tell me this will on Terra who is a tell pink I mean when when they kept giving us military age it's keeping the current government in power so you cry war on terror you get aid and you stay in power and you think are you saying that the new military solutions of training troops putting money and use security structures you think that does help us bring us does not help are you gonna deal with them is to shoot them and kill them you're not serving the program fighting I think creates escalation I think sometimes an iPhone I know we didn't know invade Somali just because watch it invade Somalia or because it's fun right we invade Somali because it was happen I think n you know I wasn't and at all he was disabled I think it was this table I think no I don't know I'm curious yeah you actually think Kenya can stabilize Somalia no I don't think you can stabilize tomato-y Santa military enter oh yeah it's just truly give me one country that was stabilized using military intervention mission give me one country Afghanistan but wait I just I don't believe the cabinet or he was ever in Somalia to smoke you PI Somalia exactly was at least trance the blaze from earlier in as much as we can and then move out it will never negotiable that's why America is in Afghanistan that's why America is in Iran only to stabilize yes democracy it's perverse even if it's predictable that Washington would find its way back to Africa under the pretext of the global war on terror clearly today's Africa security agenda is not set in Nairobi or Lagos it's set in Washington that's why we need to get to the American capital and speak to an African strategist Jennifer Cook is the director of the Africa program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies on the one hand you want to fight extremism on the other hand you support military dictatorships or or military regimes from you know Egypt or Nigeria well this is a pattern for the u.s. all over the world I mean this is it's not anything new in Africa what is new in Africa is that we pay a lot more attention because we tend to think we have fewer interests in Africa it's almost like the u.s. can have morals where it doesn't have interests in way what are America's interest in Africa well obviously there's the security agenda there's a growing economic agenda as well there's also the competition I think for political ideas and ideologies you mean the Scramble with the Chinese and the French yeah I think the Turks yeah I think there there is there is a competition for global norms we want to remain relevant and influential in Africa and so I think that's where the game is gonna be played that justifies the 1.2 billion extra now investment in the and the military base in Djibouti in turn does it justify well the problem is in the u.s. system the military is probably the best resource tool that we have if we had a limited budget I would say we have to be very careful to balance that with the military you can train a military in Mali to you know shoot straight and do the right thing if the government that they work for is corrupt or weak no amount of military training is going to fix that country's security problem perhaps the contrary when you support train a corrupt military government that could probably even more disasters uh yes but you have to get the mix of both I think let's go to Indonesia good grief when we come back French troops on African soil is this the return of the dark old days of France a freak we're dealing with a continent that has been EE maybe even triply wounded Frantz saying it's just hours from direct combat with al-qaeda fighters involved now now the French are leading the I sort of offends most American sensibilities back the most aggressive country fighting the jihad is France if you can believe it when France invaded Mali last year it offended FoxNews sensibilities to learn that people they once thought of as cheese-eating CERN dairy monkeys we're now the frontline force in the war on terror in Africa here in Paris the news was hardly shocking many still think of francophone Africa as their backyard but it did mark a dramatic change in policy a few years ago it seemed that Frances military was being relegated to the grand parades of the shawn's alizée that Paris was gonna put it past behind it no more Wars no more interventions and certainly no more France a freak that corrupting system of patronage that govern Frances relations with Africa time and again in the early days of independence popular African leaders were assassinated or deposed in cools led by ex French Foreign Legion Air Togo in 1963 the Central African Republic in 1966 burkina faso also in 66 malee in 1968 in 50 years of independence there have been 16 coos in former French colonies more than in all the other countries of Africa combined all that violence kept in power governments that were in line with Frances political interests and friendly to its oil and mining industry the system of interlocking military political and economic influence is known as France Africa even today many former colonies continue to struggle to free themselves from France holds the national reserves of 14 African countries in its central bank it has a web of military bases across West Africa and paralleled by any other foreign power and it exercises deep political and commercial influence on the continent this has to change and this has to to be ended so at some point we have to renegotiate the terms of France Africa you think this is gonna be transformed anytime soon five six years ago you had some very strong anti French rhetoric coming out of francophone Africa what's happened the actors who are speaking against France have been replaced like who like well for example Ivory Coast and where France militarily intervened to impose a Pro French ruler or in Mali where Francois Hollande militarily intervened suppressing a popular indigenous movement in the north to impose a southern leader through what you could barely call real elections and that southern leader now EBA Chi is a servant of France in Nazaire where Mahamadou issoufou isa foo has who is a former employee of the French uranium country Arriva is now the president of meteor and recently signed a 40-year concession giving away any shares only non-renewable natural resource uranium this is an exhausting list is he being harsh yes I think so quite a bit I was not supposed to be to be the French lady on stage no Matt please please otherwise I'm gonna have to be the French slate this should be delightful I discussed with an American diplomat say okay french-speaking countries your history you stuff terrorism literally premier Monsieur is only a quasi missile for sale are you translating down the English shoot first uh dear French people a text that is written by President Hollande and President Obama published in The Washington Post about the deep important strategic relationship between the United States and France especially in Africa hmm what is this relationship but suddenly has become so important and why is it that well each of these partners has something to offer in this region that's being called Africanness Stan the United States what does it have to offer it has money it has military hardware things like drones satellite information it has high tech capacity what his friends have to offer boots on the ground and intelligence the one thing the United States can't get in french-speaking Africa because it simply doesn't have the language the businesses are competing for their strategic resources but the government's are collaborating in the war on terror but are they now finding that the bigger threat is not amongst themselves but China economically speaking economically speaking everybody acknowledged the power of China say okay we can complete there just there and then oh we have to we have to reorganize to find to find new ways to to make business new ways to make diplomacy so that we can that we can keep some influence and force a big helps in the sense we speak a lot about the the military intervention we don't speak about the Franken 44 for instance ten years from now the biggest french-speaking city in the world we became Chasa so it's something very very very important the cultural entrenchment in africa is an asset for Paris yes and we aim to use it strategically so in that sense France and the u.s. are getting involved too perhaps confront or contrast with the Chinese involvement just to keep their share so this is it it's dividing the pie we are are doing the same thing same mistakes we were doing during the colonization fighting areas of influences within Africa yeah but that's the risk we're that is a stay at stake you know it's puzzling to me that the same France that condemned the american british invasion of iraq would be so in denial over its own military interventions in africa now here you have a country that is capable of debating anything from the smell of cheese to francis rightful place in Europe but it's incapable of having a frank discussion over its present and past relationship with Africa as if for France Africa is the place where truth goes to sleep what is more peculiar is Francis and imperialist socialist left that is no less in denial over Frances imperialism in Africa so how do you feel now about France enlisting in America's war on terrorism in Africa I don't like this relation and not even his formulation I am afraid of the tastes of the Americans for violence added away afraid to have their youth China Britain France of thousand years old countries long historical experience we're still ashamed over last colonial wars we have finished with all that we have no more in a strategic interest in Africa but now Francois Hollande wants to double the trade from 30 billion to 60 billion dollars how do you double the trade i if you are strange have a century to question phosphor I would like to debate the trade of France with two whole world but the problem is in Africa you have involved in four wars while you are talking about trade you like to make circles of question right what's okay they are mixed the French reaction is the duty left by history which puts on us an obligation to go there even if your own you cannot worry about history it's not my fault hmm France is a force let's call it a force of stability in Africa meaning Africans look to France it has 10,000 soldiers it has multiple bases and it's involves in war in in intelligence on the continent so it's normal for them to preference France for their trade because France is a power in Africa maybe for them in my vision we are fed up with all that I would have preferred not to have to go to Mary not to have to Center Africa but take Malik they call for help no one was ready America was too busy with Iraq question you should never have been but they are anyway we had to destroy the killers it was two months operation for the rest it's their affair but you're staying there in Mali you're not leaving Mali even after the UN can have as sad as you are that all these Muslims between themselves that are capable to find ways to speak but to reconstruct friendship all the new murderous groups the religiously motivated religious groups yeah have all of them come out a result of foreign intervention al Qaeda in Afghanistan Isis in Iraq Hezbollah in Lebanon Hamas in Palestine Shabaab in Somalia etc etc every time there is a foreign military intervention it creates radical extremist violent groups aren't you doing the same thing in Sahel today I'm not sure you're right you may be factual I don't permit you to take so quick conclusions it's another conversation are you trying to breathe a terrorist zone in central Africa it will be first of all a worry for all of you mostly people are those who live there the better you manage without calling for us is the best up to you to treat the problem you will not draw me you will not draw from that was to coroner them listening to the Chinese and the Americans and the French you would think they're all out there to help Africans help themselves as they say the French want to help Africans build democratic institutions the Americans want to help Africans build security structures and the Chinese want to help them build the economic infrastructure but the big question is are Africans benefiting from the new competition or are they being squeezed by this new scramble the Chinese if I use the American words and living their dream the Western countries are living their dreams Africans are being forced to live other people's dreams so in this we mean you mean Africa's living the China dream now we've been living the Western country dreams right and now China is here with its dream it's yet to be clear whether Africa will leave its own grave we need to distinguish what the African agenda is you know it's become very fashionable for African governments to talk about a new policy of looking east the question for me is whether they are looking east or whether the Chinese are looking to Africa so the question of what the African agenda is is a very important one now if you look at but our Africans benefitting from the Chinese in engagements in Africa yes on the one hand there is an unequivocal yes African governments are now free I have now been free to actually make deals on terms that are that they can live with so should the Chinese again which is a step forward from the European and Western one in the terms in which it is it is creating opportunities for for African governments to begin dreaming about a new a new infrastructure of modernization a we should not forget that when Western countries were also coming to Africa day they also looked friendly they also came in the name of threat they came even with infrastructure in fact the British built they ganda the Kenya Uganda railway and in that early stage they were not talking about their colonizing anybody you know how the Africans reacted at that time sucker looks so similar to how Afghans are reacting to China now you know in terms of their odds with these good things that are coming but they don't have again what is critical is to pinpoint an African game or a napkin agenda in the absence of which it becomes very difficult to celebrate any kind of achievement in the absence of a goal in mind I'm constantly puzzled about the fact that there hasn't been an internal debate on this continent about what we want to do with the Chinese the Chinese are constantly having these conferences and you know inviting Africans African government for for these debates but African ourselves whether on a regional level at attended at an African Union level and we have not actually had this debate these are questions that need to be up I'm skeptical I'm skeptical that that Africa has the leadership that has the leverage that has the unity and the coordination to do any of this left understand that we're dealing with a continent that is still is has been EE maybe even triply wounded you know over the past 50 years you know the sense the sense of purpose that was was driving the kind of immediate post independence generation of nationalists you know the whole independence dream for the continent that's almost completely gone I mean you barely you have you have the rhetoric you know you have the rhetoric mm of it being bandied around but the meaning has been totally excavated how was that animation for different reasons I mean the kind of wars that were waged here I the proxy wars during the Cold War or else just civil wars you know over the last 40 50 years or to the war on terror today the war on terror but also and just just just as much as military and civil conflicts and has been the kind of economic war or the war on economic policy that has been waged here economic policy has been externalized in a profound way but it does have a friend implications agents there's an African agency there is there are African boots on ground boots on the ground you know at you know at various Treasuries but the policies themselves are fundamentally neoliberal and are fundamentally pursuing a line that was developed by the West but that they include was the Chinese and the competition between the Chinese and the rest I mean that has not changed that games in Africa yes but the terms it's more important to to explore the terms on which these engage in an engagement with the Chinese is possible you know you know in a post in a post shockula adjustment era in a neoliberal age and how do you begin to negotiate and your goods and services your resources so you're constantly going to be pursuing outsourcing kinds of projects projects projects that will privilege private capital and the privatization of collective resources public goods but that doesn't sound like development to me it sounds like a lot of things this is sound like development for me awareness is a good step first of all be aware that you're not playing your own game you're playing somebody else's game who is a good step now to craft your own game and in terms of the issues of trade you know if you are not sitting down to think long term then you know you're opening those and benefiting short-term and then eventually your country or continent loses in the long term so I think the the issue of how to reverse this trend is really on our side as Africans to ask ourselves when we talk about industries who is running the industries in Africa we are we a continent that is emerging you know from an era of intellectual surrender intellectual policies are in you know where your entire economic outlook and orientation was externalized what is so encouraging especially for for political elite about China is that we are freed from the conditionality regime that governed this continent for so long you know it's there's a little bit of policy petulance if I may call it that amongst you know amongst elite at the moment saying to the West that we no longer need you we you can see we now have China I actually read in the local press a long expose about the rise of the African oligarchs you agree with that we are in that state now 50 years down the line because we look at even how the political leadership changes where the word change does not really I mean the dictionary aspect because it's the same group that keeps recycling itself right and and holding the dog on behalf of the country driver on behalf of the region of the conscience it's interesting to me when we talked about illegals because the oligarchs are actually a natural historical outcome of the privatization of public resources changing the face of you know of the so called investor you know from from an American or Chinese or Indian to an African faith you know it doesn't change the nature of them the kind of exploitative extractive policies that that that already most what you actually require is to totally reverse or transform and the nature of the game I think it's a generational thing because like our grandparents or per se were you know dealing with the colonialist literally sir it was let's let's taking all this information and let's do it as they have told us our parents generation is more or less let's imitate the West and that's a problem because the Western ways don't necessarily work for Africa that's not what Africa needs but I feel like our generation is taking a step forward I think part of the problem is people thinking there's no hope there's no room for change and that's that's an old thinking so we need to flush out the old you know and encourage them you encourage the new ways of thinking and bring that but the question is now that you have multiple global corporations and powers interested in Africa is that giving you more room to maneuver and to get better deals or is that sandwiching you in among various engine want you know so we should realize is most of most of the time Africans we negotiate as single entities yeah yeah if Europe is negotiating you see the UK in Europe consists of Africa you see China's a very global media power but Africa go ask Ghana we go Australian you go ask nice you don't have back in power yes simple economics you're back in Nepal is no screen we need to negotiate as a blogging I see after a capacity-building foundation happen Development Bank they should really try and maybe think about ways of week going and speaking with one voice that's the way we like a movie it takes a movement it's a number of people getting into the system and changing the system from the inside out because otherwise as individuals you go on your foot by the system you get caught in the system and you know you become redundant I don't want to be in the you know non-governmental organization I want to be in the government the government has the last say the government has the last say on how much tax you paid you know all right in the private sector in the word so and when you go to these meetings and you listen to what the government officials have to say and you're wondering oh my god is this the best we've got because a math is much of intellectual capacity they don't have so much they never demand for anything like so it doesn't have to be just NGOs or business yeah people needs to get into the decision-making they need to then change government ya know we are the engine evasion we will change I don't know about you but I'm not buying into this whole French chinese-american argument that there in the continent to help Africans help themselves you know we at Empire we take it for granted that global powers act out of self-interest but what's been striking for me making this episode is the dynamism and determination of African youth those who make up 70 percent of the continents population their political maturity has been striking to me they have this pan-african vision that makes it indispensible for African countries and peoples to work together in order to turn the tables on those who are trying to carve the continent into pieces cliche perhaps simple yes but I say brilliant you

Channel: Al Jazeera English

Views: 903,354

Rating: 4.7401938 out of 5

Keywords: empire, agriculture, Empireprog, al Jazeera, Julian Ingle, jazeera, Marwan Bishara, mineral. mining, Africa, China, aljazeera, al jazeera english, aljazeera english, al jazeera documentaries, The New Scramble for Africa, Scramble, Scramble for Africa, New Scramble, imperial needs, AFRICOM, china africa colonization, china africa, africa india

Id: _KM06hTeRSY

Length: 47min 32sec (2852 seconds)

Published: Sun Jul 27 2014

Reddit Comments

[u/audiored]

Watched this last night. I'd recommend it.