The Mystery Planet X Closer to the Sun than Mercury

for thousands of years people knew only about the planets Mercury Venus Mars Jupiter and Saturn which they could see using simple telescopes or even by the naked eye if conditions were good but in the late 18th century a famous astronomer named Sir William hersel discovered a new planet that was icy blue in color at first people thought it was a star but later they realized it was a planet today we know it as Uranus a planet that's more more than 19 times farther away from the Sun than Earth it's so far away that it takes Uranus 84 years to complete one trip around the Sun this astronomer also discovered many other interesting things in space like double stars and nebula in the mid 1800s scientists noticed something pulled Uranus and strangely tugged its orbit they thought there must be another planet out there and they used math to predict where it would be finally in 1846 they found Neptune using a telescope it was too faint to see with the naked eye because it was too far away from the Sun it was all so exciting who knows how many other planets could be there lurking in the darkness of our solar system back in the mid 1800s astronomers noticed something unusual was happening in the sky a small rocky planet named Mercury was behaving strangely it didn't follow the predictable orbit that was expected of it one of the astronomers was a brilliant French scientist named Urbane leier he came up with a theory that there could be another planet in our solar system no one had yet discovered it would be located somewhere between Mercury and the sun this hypothetical Planet which he named Vulcan after the Roman god of fire would have an incredibly hot surface and it could be a potential explanation for Mercury's strange Behavior he never surely claimed Vulcan was really the one thing disturbing the orbit of mercury but excited by the possibility of discovering a new planet astronomers all over the world took the idea of Vulcan for a planet that didn't exist people committed to developing ideas and getting information about it some scientists didn't think it was likely that they had missed another planet as big as mercury it would have been hard not to see it by the then but there was a tiny chance of a smaller Planet existing inside Mercury's orbit that was too close to the Sun so no one could see it one Theory said it was about 13 million mil away from the Sun Mercury is the planet with the most eccentric orbit in our solar system but the closest point it gets to the sun is about 28.5 million miles this means Vulcan would be under half of that distance the theory moved on saying that that if Vulcan existed it would orbit the Sun every 19 days and 18 hours and its path would be tilted about 12° relative to the path of other planets in our solar system vulcan's position at its furthest point from the Sun would still be too close to the Sun to be seen with the naked eye even during Twilight the only chance of seeing Vulcan would be during a solar eclipse or when it passed in front of the sun which as the theory said would be 2 to four times a year they had a theory that this mysterious planet was so close to the Sun that it could only be seen during a total solar eclipse when the moon blocked out the sun's blinding glare so every time there was an eclipse scientists would peer at the sun hoping to catch a glimpse of Vulcan they were trying really hard but no matter what they couldn't find this mysterious planet some astronomers claimed to have spotted it during eclipses but no one could ever confirm or find evidence for that the theory of Vulcan was left waiting for some better times Einstein had a different idea you know about his theory of general relativity right that's where he claimed gravity wasn't some sort of natural force but a result of SpaceTime curved because of the presence of giant space objects like planets and stars planets circle around the Sun in their usual orbit because SpaceTime is curved that means the planets are kind of Falling Towards the central star of our solar system and Einstein tried to explain Mercury's unusual orbit using his own theory of relativity unlike the other planets in our solar system Mercury's orbit wasn't that circular instead it seemed to wobble slightly as if there was an invisible force pulling it away Einstein said this could be happening because the massive gravity of our sun was actually curving the fabric of SpaceTime around it he claimed it's possible this changed Mercury's orbit a little bit it took the scientific Community a while to test this Theory but it eventually seemed like the most plausible explanation even though Einstein's theory gave us a more elegant explanation for Mercury's strange orbit some scientists were still holding out hope for Vulcan it was especially hard to let go of the IDE of Vulcan because Mercury is also the planet that's really hard to see from where we're standing but later more and more scientists started accepting Einstein's theory above their imagination and they would observe a total solar eclipse specifically to test Einstein's theory of relativity not because of Vulcan and Vulcan is not the only hypothetical Planet everyone was talking about in the newer age some believe there could be a mysterious planet lurking in the outer part of our solar system but this one is more likely to exist no one has seen it directly yet but computer simulations show this so-called Planet 9 or Planet X is probably somewhere there Beyond Neptune Neptune and Planet X could be similar in size Planet X could be 10 times more massive than Earth and circles around our sun in an elongated shape which is on average 20 times farther from the Sun the Neptune a year there may last between 10,000 to 20,000 Earth years by comparison a year on Neptune lasts 165 Earth years something this big moving out there Beyond Neptune could explain the unusual orbits of smaller objects in the Kyper belt the Kyper belt is the area of our solar system Beyond Neptune and where it orbits and there are most likely many asteroids comets and some other other smaller bodies there mostly made of ice there was another hypothetical planet called Nibiru remember those rumors that the world could end back in 2012 one of the popular scenarios was Nibiru which some claimed would hit our home planet at the end of the year of course nothing happened we're still here all set and good but the idea of neiru seemed interesting stories started in the 1970s when a man named zachari R sitchin mentioned Nibiru in his book the 12th Planet claiming it orbits the Sun every 3600 years but there's no chance a planet with such an eccentric orbit wouldn't disrupt other planets in our solar system with its gravity and if it was really coming that close to Earth in 2012 we were supposed to be able to see it with the naked eye some simple calculations showed Nibiru would have been nearly as bright as Mars at its dimmest and bright than the faintest Stars you see from a city oh well maybe we'll have more luck in the next 3,500 and something years in 2011 a comet named elenin appeared that many people thought could be Nibiru but when you're looking at comets and planets through a telescope you see they appear differently a comet has a coma which is a gas atmosphere together with a tail something a planet doesn't have Plus this Comet didn't slam into the Earth it came too close to our sun and fell apart the leftover pieces will continue moving on their way to the outer solar system for the next 12,000 [Music] years so we might be getting closer to finding a massive icy Planet Beyond Neptune's orbit yeah sorry Pluto still not you recently some Universe mapping using data from a telescope in Hawaii eliminated about 78% of the possible locations for this mysterious Waldo from space some people call it Planet 9 While others prefer Planet X either way it's been causing controversy since its existence was first proposed and that is mainly because no study so far can answer the big question does it really exist if discovered planet 9 would rank as the fifth largest planet in our solar system with a mass 10 times that of Earth it's also theorized to be gaseous like Uranus the initial study on planet 9 dating back to 2016 suggests that this colossal new planet orbits the sun 29 times farther out than Neptune which sits at about 2.8 billion miles as a result the planet 9 would take between 10,000 and 20,000 years to complete a single orbit around the sun if confirmed this yet to be understood world would dominate a region larger than any other known planet in our Cosmic neighborhood these are all intriguing hypotheses but without a single piece of evidence or observation to back them up before dismissing this as a wild guess it is important to note that these researchers relied on complex mathematical modeling and computer simulations to speculate about the planet's characteristics cuz that's what they do the hypothetical presence of this planet would explain various mysterious features located Beyond Neptune we are specifically talking about the Kyper belt a huge donut-shaped region filled with icy debris left over from the formation of the solar system including comets and dwarf planets like Pluto what happens is that the six farthest objects in the Kyper belt exhibit elliptical orbits that are all oriented in a similar Direction within physical space and tilted approximately 30° downward relative to the orbital plane of our eight known planets what's strange here is that despite their distinct orbital velocities around the solar system they maintain this alignment the likelihood of such alignment occurring randomly is extremely low around 0.007% so here comes Planet 9 a hypothetical massive Celestial body that offers a plausible explanation for this strange phenomenon potentially exerting gravitational influence to shape these orbits the initial Theory didn't hold up for long facing accusations of observational bias and calculation errors then in 2017 another study popped up sparking back the idea that maybe Planet 9 is out there after all this time Spanish astronomers tried a novel approach focusing on observing extreme trans neptunian objects these celestial bodies orbit the Sun in highly stretched elliptical paths with average distances exceeding 13 billion miles the research suggests that the distances between these objects nodes and the sun might provide clues to Planet 99's location you see these nodes are the points where Celestial B's orbit intersects the solar systems plane when these objects reach these points they're more likely to interact with other solar system bodies potentially causing significant changes in their orbits or even Collision so if the trajectory of these extreme trans neptunian objects remains stable everything's fine but if it's not well that's a sign that something else something big is messing with their path and that's exactly what the research found there is something unseen out there throwing these objects off course and that something could be a planet chilling at a distance between 300 to 400 times farther from the Sun than Earth to this day the study of the extreme trans neptunian objects is the strongest evidence we've got for Planet 99's existence and if you're still not convinced by this Theory know that strange Motions like these have led to planetary discoveries before Neptune for instance was spotted because Uranus's motion didn't quite agree with the predictions of Newtonian gravity but the deflection of its orbit could be explained if it was caused by a pull of an Undiscovered planet and and just like that we discovered Neptune now the year is 2021 and there's all this Buzz about planet 9 again after correcting some old guesses studies are now leaning towards the idea that this Mystery World follows an epic loop around the Sun every 7,000 years that is massive news because it means this planet might be closer than we ever thought making it easier for our telescopes to spot it the paper also suggests there is a whopping 99% chance that the funky orbits of these dist objects are all because of this unseen Planet not just some Cosmic coincidence now the odds of this whole situation being a fluke are down to a one and 250 chance which is much better than the one in 10,000 chance back in 2016 all these optimistic numbers have brought us to where we are today keeping our hopes and working on better equipment to continue the mission of spotting Planet 9 as mentioned earlier researchers in Hawaii created some kind of treasure map utilizing the panoramic survey telescope and rapid response system to eliminate 78% of its locations this is great news considering how challenging it is to find a planet-sized needle in a cosmic H stack but unfortunately Planet 99's presence remains a ghost in the dark outer reaches of our solar system enthusiasts are still convinced of its existence and believe it is only a matter of time before we celebrate the discovery of Earth's new cosmic cousin they're putting their hopes on the verac ruin Observatory which is currently under construction in Chile and is scheduled to begin science operations in late 2025 over the course of 10 years this Observatory will scan the entire southern hemisphere Sky every few nights with a 27 ft fast-moving telescope equipped with the largest digital camera in the world the idea is to catalog everything in the solar system reaching out to and Beyond Neptune and tracking the movements of millions of celestial objects including space junk asteroids comets and stars if Planet 9 is indeed out there this next Generation telescope could be the one to find it the existence of this mysterious planet is far from being universally accepted in the scientific community that is simply because Planet 9 isn't the only explanation for the strange phenomenon occurring Beyond Neptune one Theory suggests that a group of distant objects such as dwarf planets comets and moons might be collectively influencing the orbits of the extreme trans neptunian objects others believe that a black hole is behind all this these compressed masses are some of the densest objects in the universe potentially capable of affecting the orbits of other masses like how this supposed ghost Planet 9 is believed to be doing another bold perspective suggests that our current understanding of the laws of gravity is flawed actually incomplete this Theory known as modified Newtonian Dynamics proposes that these distant icy objects exhibit strange Behavior not due to influence from another planet but rather because the immense gravitational field of the Milky Way is influencing them however even supporters of this Theory acknowledge that it is too early to draw firm conclusions and much more extensive research is still required while we continue our Relentless hunt for Planet 9 some astronomers have taken it a step further suggesting the existence of a hypothetical Planet 10 this world has a mass and size like that of mars or Earth and is located on the edges of the Kyper belt but the thing is if this alleged Planet 10 is indeed as small as scientists believe it might not have enough gravity to clear its orbit of debris and that is pretty similar to what happens with Pluto being one of the reasons why it got into trouble back in 2006 so yeah it's better not to get too excited this supposed Planet 10 might end up classified as another dwarf planet what if the sun went boom well you can guess it would be super bad news for us hm this was sure a short video huh nah wait I have more if the sun blew up chaos would ensue in our solar system but scientists tell us that it will certainly happen one day but why how exactly would events unfold and is it possible for us to somehow survive this event heyy let's delve into it first of all get ready for a journey to the sun's core the sun's heart is packed with hydrogen atoms having an out of this world dance party these atoms are so excited that They smash into each other with all their might and when they Collide something magical happens it's called nuclear fusion and in this Fusion Fiesta the hydrogen atoms combin to form helium atoms a chemistry experiment on a grand scale during this nuclear fusion a teeny bit of Mass from the hydrogen atoms is transformed into a massive amount of energy it's Einstein's famous equation e = mc² coming into play energy is Unleashed in the form of light and heat radiating outwards to brighten up the entire solar system and once all these processes get going a bunch of energized particles called photons join the font these photons are like tiny packets of light bouncing and zipping around in all directions they play a crucial role in carrying the sun's energy through space Illuminating our world and warming our cozy Planet but to keep all this going so that atoms don't escape and create complete chaos the sun's core needs to be under tremendous pressure this pressure comes from the immense weight of the sun's outer layers pressing down on the core the outer layers are squeezing the inner core but the inner layers don't give up the energy created from Fusion and the bustling Photon party tries really hard to escape the sun's core but the core is so dense like me and the pressure is so big that the energy takes its sweet time to make its way out it bounces around gets absorbed and reemitted by other particles eventually after a long time it reaches the sun's surface and zooms off into space reaching us as sunlight so now you know how the Sun works now what happens once it reaches the end of its life well here's the twist our sun has a limited supply of hydrogen fuel in about 5 billion years it'll run out of it fuel after that the star will undergo some big changes now pay attention because there's a pretty good chance we're all going to miss this first the sun will puff up and become a red giant exploding like a balloon it will grow so big that it will swallow up the inner planets including our beloved Earth talk about a sun taking up all the space so we won't even see the end of our sun unless we move somewhere further away after the red giant phase the sun will shrink a bit its outer layers will fade away into space leaving behind a beautiful planetary nebula it'll be revealing its glowing core ooh the core now filled with helium will start sounding weird and will start fusing heavier elements like oxygen and carbon these reactions won't be as energetic like a party with less dancing and more Chill Vibes eventually even the helium will be used up and the sun will become a compact white dwarf a stellar retiree enjoying its retirement home scientists estimate that the sun is about 7 to 8 billion years left before it dims its lights don't worry though by that time humanity might have traveled to far off galaxies or maybe even evolved into amazing space beings so our sun won't go out with a bang like fireworks it's not big enough to become a supernova or a black hole those Stellar Superstars need way more mass than our son to pull off those Cosmic tricks but what if it blew up very suddenly just like an Abrupt event without any reason well let's see imagine this the Sun goes boom and Earth is in for a wild ride the event unleashes an insane amount of energy sending a shock wave racing through space at the speed of light it takes about 8 minutes for this shock wave to reach her why well the sun is a whopping 93 million m away from us on average so it takes a little over 8 minutes and 20 seconds for the Sun's light to travel all that distance and reach us but let's talk about the event itself it would be a great sight to witness but sadly it would also be the end roll credits the crazy amounts of Unleashed energy would cause the sun to expand rapidly again swallowing up the inner planets including our Earth and that's not all brace yourself for a massive burst of radiation the sun would leash a torrent of supercharged particles we're talking about X-rays and gamma rays the kind that can seriously mess things up when these high energy particles hit the atmosphere they go wild causing all sorts of chaos they ionize the atmosphere creating a ginormous electromagnetic pulse this pulse is like a shock wave for electronic devices it fries them zaps them and leaves them useless so if your gadgets aren't protected they're in for a rough time speaking of rough times after that it's instant vaporization for our planet but the sun's Grand Finale just doesn't mess with Earth it WS havoc on the entire solar system that massive burst of energy would be crashing into everything in its path planets and other objects get knocked off of their cozy orbits causing chaos and unpredictability the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter Capal it's gone obliterated or scattered to the cosmic winds and even planets that will survive this event will probably go off their orbits to wander somewhere and let's not forget about the outer planets like Jupiter and Saturn these Giants generate their own internal heat which keeps them cozy and attracts lots of moons but the sun's boom would steal their warmth turning them into incredibly cold places and now that we've discussed how catastrophic all this would be for everything in our solar system let's ask The Logical question can human make it the short answer is nope we wouldn't make it everything would be wiped out except maybe some sneaky bacteria hiding in the shadows but in a crazy scenario where the sun gave us a heads up about its plans we might have a fighting chance if we knew in advance and had time to prepare we could get our survival gears turning so what could we do since Earth itself won't survive the sun's tantrum we'd have to move somewhere remember how we mentioned that not all planets would be completely destroyed well sadly the ones closest to the Sun Mercury Venus and Earth would disappear so the easiest option would be to move to some other solar system with its own earthlike Planet but what if the Earth somehow managed to survive this catastrophe let's not think about how it happened and just discuss the consequences well our climate would go crazy during the first moments of the sun's Kaboom the radiation in particles would crank up the temperature big time like a never-ending Heat Wave we're talking major greenhouse effect the oceans would evaporate creating thick fluffy clouds that trap heat and refuse to let it Escape into space and after that without the sun's warm embrace the Earth would quickly become an icy freezer so we'd have to think outside the box one idea would be to take shelter deep underground where we won't be that much affected by radiation and sudden temperature changes as you dig deeper the temperature rises so with the right tools and resources Humanity could hunker down in fortified bunkers surviving for a couple of years without the sun's Rays why just a couple of years well remember how we said the sun is a gravity center of our solar system without it Earth would be a drift in search of a new center of gravity imagine our planet our trusty satellite the moon and all the other planets slowly floating away into space luckily our trusty sun is hanging in there keeping us warm and Shining for many more Cosmic Adventures to come so we're safe for a few billion years but it's always fun to imagine impossible scenarios so stay tuned for more what ifs e e that's where the idea of planetary intelligence comes in just like individuals and groups can be intelligent so can an entire planet researchers believe we should measure the planet's intelligence by its ability to keep itself going forever and just like how humans need to work together to survive a planet's collective intelligence is measured by the capacity of all the life on it to work together towards this same goal it's like the planet is a complex system that knows how to take care of itself like forests they can share nutrients through their secret underground networks of fungi this helps all the trees stay healthy they can obviously learn a lot from forests if we jump into the fantasy Universe while looking for intelligent conscious planets we'd definitely choose MoGo from Green Lantern it's a specific planetary entity that can do things like changing its weather and altering gravity plant growth or some other surface conditions or how about the stunning Pandora from Avatar do you remember the fascinating scenes of Flora and Fauna there with organs that might remind you of tentacles they enable creatures to Interlink with each other on a neural level it's like the entire planet is like one giant brain with many smaller trees creatures and its other pieces as its cells we are far from that but it's still nice to imagine at the moment our civilization is in the stage scientists named an immature technosphere that means we're still too focused on using technology that doesn't always do good for our planet we don't have a planetary intelligence or a collective understanding of what needs to be done to do better for our planet instead we're all just doing our own thing I mean we're not at the worst stage researchers have come up with four stages of Earth's past and future to explain how planetary intelligence could impact the long-term future of humanity the first stage is what we call the immature biosphere it's when life first started on Earth billions of years ago only microbes were there on the bare land without any vegetation there wasn't any Global feedback which means these microbes couldn't yet affect Earth its atmosphere or other systems in any way the second stage is the mature biosphere which was 2.5 billion to 540 million years ago when stable continents formed and the biosphere started to have a strong influence on the earth the third stage known as immature technosphere is where we are now with interlined systems of communication technology Transportation electricity and computers that draw resources from Earth's systems and affect the biosphere the fourth stage also known as the mature technosphere is where Earth should aim to be in the future it means technology will benefit the entire planet we'll use sustainable forms of energy like solar power planetary intelligence is the sign of a mature planet planet and researchers are trying to figure out how we can move towards it so things we do on an individual level do matter the collective activity of life like microbes or plants can change a planet and make it more than just a lifeless rock floating in space through the biosphere our home planet kind of figured out how to host Life by itself billions of years ago and it's still going now we need to figure out how to have a similar kind of self-maintaining system but this time with the technosphere it's hard to imagine planets could generally become sensient like Pandora or some other imaginary conscious world out there there are a few reasons for that first planets form based on how different materials like rocks gases and liquids gather around a new star it's like you have a big family gathering where everyone brings different ingredients to make a delicious dish and just like how these ingredients won't suddenly turn into a living being the materials that make up a planet won't just turn into self-aware creatures on Earth after billions of years of complex chemical reactions some molecules started to replicate themselves and carry information that's how life on our planet began and Earth is the only such example we have here's the second reason imagine you have a big Garden where you plant a lot of mushrooms or bacteria hoping they'll become really smart and help you take care of the garden but mushrooms and bacteria don't have brains like we do eh it's not like they need it anyway having a big brain is really expensive for animals too it takes a lot of energy to keep it running so animals only become as smart as they need to be to survive and thrive in their environment dogs and cats are pretty smart because they need to be able to avoid danger and find food they don't need human kind of intelligence for things like building houses creating art or inventing new technologies so it would be hard to bring all living beings and plants to the same level of intelligence the third reason why it would be difficult for a planet to become sensient is the main rule of the animal kingdom life is all about survival of the fittest every creature is competing for resources like water food and space but not only do different species compete against each other but individuals within the same species also fight just think of how fiddler crabs fight for territory on the beach or how wolf packs fight over prey or me when I see an empty spot on a crowded Beach this kind of competition is not a good base for Global cooperation there are a couple of exceptions to this rule for example ants they may not be the brightest creatures on the planet but when they come together in colonies they can achieve amazing things like Gathering food that's way bigger than them building nests raising Young And even farming in fact they act like a superorganism called a hive mind where every ant works together towards a common goal insects like bees and ants are very altruistic and work together to ensure their Queen reproduces if one large ant colony took over our whole planet it could act as a single mind and work towards the colonies and planets interests until they run out of resources but in reality it's hard to imagine any organism even a superorganism could reach such a level of self-awareness and Consciousness number five how could we keep in contact when it comes to communication ants use pheromones and humans use nerves both of these methods work well for small organisms but when it comes to a giant planet entity it would be hard to make such communication fast and efficient so communication within a planet-sized entity would be much slower than what we have in our homes like our computers or smartphones oh well we'll just continue dreaming about Pandora ah consider the Rogue Planet the cosmic Wanderer that nobody wants to take home basically a rogue planet is a planet that has been ejected from its own star star system and is now floating aimlessly through space like a cosmic loner these planets aren't just a theory scientists have actually detected some in our galaxy in fact estimates suggest that there may be lots of these Cosmic Nomads floating around the Milky Way and they aren't just small rocky worlds like Earth some of them are actually massive gas giants many times larger than Jupiter these behemoths could potentially have their own moons and even their own Min systems orbiting around them for example one of the most famous rogue planets we know of has a complicated name here you read it for yourself it's located about 80 light years away from Earth and it was discovered in 2013 this Rogue planet is estimated to be around six times the mass of Jupiter and is believed to be around 12 million years old and yes just because these Cosmic loners don't have a star it doesn't mean they're super cold they can still generate heat and light from their own internal processes some may even have magnetic fields and auroras just like Earth in other words rogue planets could potentially be habitable if they have the right conditions so what would life on such a planet look like and could we potentially live in such a world well living on a rogue planet can be a lonely existence they have no warm sun to bask in no cozy atmosphere spere to cuddle up in and no Cosmic neighbors to have barbecue with that's why we'd have to get creative let's start with the most obvious problem we'd have a hard time without light and heat so how do we fix this well we'd probably have to invest in some really fancy space heaters and wear fashionable superwarm space suits or we could invent a whole new way to generate electricity without relying on solar power for example how about using geothermal energy now that's hot stuff each planet has an internal source of heat without it they would all be nothing more than cold lifeless rocks floating through space this internal heat can be harnessed and used to power everything from homes to factories to spaceships it's like having a hot tub big enough to power an entire city and that City most likely will be located underground closer to the heat source and as for light Well we'd probably have to build some really bright flashlights or maybe even learn to genetically engineer some bioluminescent organisms to light up our homes just imagine space spaces overgrown with neon mushrooms and plants by the way speaking of plants plant life would be pretty hard to come by without a star so what would we eat well we could use the same geothermal vents that we talked about or some chemical reactions to sustain ourselves and hey hey maybe we'd develop a taste for sulfur rich foods or we'd start fermenting our own drinks from the bubbling volcanic mud yum but besides food we have a more important problem living on a rogue Planet would be breathtaking literally we'd have no air you see not all rogue planets have good stable atmospheres it all depends on their size composition and other things but even if our new home does have an atmosphere it may be incredibly thin and unstable we'd have no pretty blue skies or dramatic sunsets to admire instead we'd be staring out into the infinite void of space where the stars would be brighter than ever before and forget about weather patterns without an atmosphere to create them we'd have no rain no snow and no thunderstorms and that's just some minor problems what's worse the temperature on the planet would be wildly fluctuating swinging from unbearable heat to unbearable cold it would be like living in an oven that's always being turned on and off and finally we'd be exposed to all kinds of space debris and Cosmic radiation so if you don't want to get crispy you might want to invest in some serious SPF so how do we fix it Well we'd have to find a way to generate our own oxygen and probably create something like a space age biosphere for example we could grow some plants that could produce oxygen or we'd learn to filter the air like a high-tech air purifier finally we have the last most important problem finding water and here's where the underwater oceans come to our Aid now we're really diving deep into the possibilities yuu but seriously scientists suggest that some of these planets May indeed have underwater oceans it would be like living on a giant water balloon that's been buried underground with the ground beneath your feet made of ice and rock in other words we could just tap into these underground oceans they could provide us with a source of water for drinking farming and Manufacturing maybe even with some other resources and materials we've never seen before and by the way who knows what kind of strange creatures might be lurking in those underground Seas but don't worry even if we don't have any underground Oasis there are also other options we could get some water from comets ice Mining and even from the atmosphere the one we just created before finally we need to find and mine some resources to build our homes and other stuff and a rogue Planet might not have the same kinds of resources as a planet that orbits a star it's like trying to find some Treasures in a desert not exactly a sure thing we may have to rely on resources from nearby asteroids and things like that and if we want to extract resources from the planet itself we might need to drill down through miles of ice and rock but hey if you're up for the challenge there'll always be a chance you'll strike it rich on a rogue planet and who knows maybe you'll discover some new resources that are even more valuable than gold or diamonds Great Looks like we've solved the most important problems now there may be other small difficulties for example we'd also have to deal with some seriously long days and nights depending on how fast our planet was rotating and we wouldn't have a normal regular day night cycle the rotation of our planet could be wildly unpredictable maybe we'd have weeks long nights followed by weeks long days which could really mess with our sleep schedules we might have to develop some really strong coffee to keep us going through those long dark nights but hypothetically we can adapt to all these things and overcome all the challenges and now finally welcome to the Rogue planet where the Sun never Rises but the adventures Never End thanks to our advanced technology we've managed to create a comfortable and habitable environment in this once Barren world the sky above us is now a beautiful shade of blue filled with fluffy white clouds and the occasional flock of flying creatures don't ask as we venture out from our underground habitats we're greeted by a world that's full of surprises strange plants and animals have adapted to the unique conditions of this Planet some with bioluminescent features that glow in the dark and be careful if you want to go swimming in the underground ocean they might be home to some bizarre creatures who want to Feast on well we'll come back to that maybe as you can see we've created sprawling cities and thriving communities powered by the planet's geothermal energy we also created a bunch of artificial light sources that keep things bright throughout the dark chilly nights of course we still have some problems with navigation and timekeeping but things aren't as dull as they used to be are they overall living on a rogue Planet would definitely have its challenges but it could also be a pretty exciting way to experience the universe and who knows maybe someday we'll find such a planet and actually turn it into a bustling Intergalactic Metropolis someday but until then let's enjoy and tidy up our dear Earth have you you ever wondered what it would be like if every planet in our solar system was the size of Earth well it's time to dive into this mindboggling scenario let's imagine what each planet would look like if they were as big as our beloved blue planet with the barren red landscape of Mars suddenly become a lush green Oasis with the massive swirling gas giant Jupiter just disappear and how would it affect our solar system as a whole are we all doomed buckle up and let's find out the first planet on our list is Mercury the smallest planet in our solar system but now forget about the moonlike Mercury instead picture yourself on the surface of a super dnamic incandescent Inferno there are a lot of craters and active volcanoes around you and right in front of you is a huge blinding bright Sun what a nightmare but let's break these changes down well along with the size of mercury both its mass and gravity would increase in that case it's possible that mercury would have more atmosphere temperatures on Mercury are extreme not only because it's very close to the Sun but also because of its very thin atmosphere so during the day the temperatures there reach 800° F and at night it becomes terrifyingly cold down to - 290° F but now when the gravity is stronger Mercury could have a denser atmosphere so the heat would be better distributed across the planet and the atmosphere isn't the only thing that could make it hotter if Mercury became bigger it would likely experience increased internal heating due to gravitational compression and hypothetically its tectonic activity could increase in other words more interesting landscape more Mountains and more scary active volcanoes congratulations you've turned mercury into Venus 2.0 for us all these changes wouldn't be very pleasant now it would become much harder to send our spacecraft there so it's better for Mercury to stay as it is small calm and boring basically the complete opposite of our next planet Venus so what would happen to Venus if it was earth-sized actually nothing it wouldn't change at all all because Venus is already almost the size of Earth it's even called the Earth's twin although twin is a big word of course in reality we couldn't be more different Venus is often called The Morning Star because it's so bright and visible in the sky but don't let its beauty fool you this planet is one of the most inhospitable places in our solar system its surface is hter than a freshly baked pizza around 900° F and it's covered in thick clouds of sulfuric acid that would dissolve any human who tried to visit so unfortunately you won't be planning any trips there anytime soon so let's move on to a planet that unlike Venus could potentially become a new home for us Mars picture yourself standing on Mars's surface watching the blue Sunset and breathing in a refreshing Breeze of air yes you read that right air moreover you could be surrounded by plants animals and basic basically feel like you're on Earth but how is that possible bigger Mars would have a stronger magnetic field and gravity this would lead to a richer and denser atmosphere it would likely have a wider range of gases including oxygen wouldn't that be cool also a denser atmosphere could distribute heat across the planet so Mars would become much warmer and Cozier and here comes the most important change liquid water Mars actually has some frozen water at its poles and in subsurface reservoirs but with a stronger gravitational pull it could potentially stabilize liquid water on its surface hooray however it's not all fun in games new Mars would also have a volcanic personality it's already geologically active but now its internal heat and pressure would Skyrocket that means more frequent and more crazy volcanic eruptions imagine how exciting it would be to witness such eruptions on another planet if you manage to escape the consequences in general the planet could become Greener and Lusher but not safer although it would still be great to see it but it's time to move on to the Giants of our solar system and if we're enlarging the planets before now it's time to squeeze them really really hard if Jupiter became 11 times smaller oh boy what a disaster that would be the first thing we'd notice is a change in gravity and I say we'd notice because now we'd have no choice but to move somewhere Jupiter experiences from 30 to 100 collisions with large asteroids per year no big deal all because of its strongest gravity which attracts them all and protects us but now our big protective brother has turned into a small baby say hi to a bunch of asteroids oh and say bye-bye to Jupiter this planet is known for its thick swirling atmosphere but with a weaker gravitational pull Jupiter would probably have a hard time holding on to it so over time it would slowly Escape into space leaving behind a thin atmosphere composed mainly of nitrogen and oxygen we'll also have to bid farewell to the iconic appearance of another giant Saturn the most noticeable difference would be The Disappearance of its famous rings made up of small parts particles of ice and rock the Rings are a unique feature of Saturn but with Earth's gravity they would either fall onto the planet or scatter into space bummer Saturn is also a gas giant just like Jupiter its atmosphere is made up of mostly hydrogen and helium but if it were Earth sized its gases would be compressed due to the increased gravity this would make it much denser that means Saturn's overall size and shape would change theoretically if we squeeze Saturn hard it could potentially become a brown dwarf it's a type of failed star that lacks the mass to sustain nuclear fusion but emits heat and light so Saturn could stop being a planet altogether the weather on it would probably have changed too all its crazy storms such as the famous hexagonal storm at its North Pole would have become weaker and calmer the next jump is Uranus let's try to compress this Pella first off the surface gravity on Uranus would be much weaker than it is now its atmosphere might also change if Uranus was smaller it could have a thinner atmosphere and different gases alog together this planet is pretty chilly with an average temperature of 353 de F but if it was the size of Earth it might actually warm up a bit due to its reduced volume to surface area ratio don't get too excited though it would still be way colder than the coldest spots on Earth as you can see gas giants don't easily go through all this shrinking except perhaps one of them surprisingly small Neptune would become much friendlier for starters it would probably be a rocky planet with a tiny atmosphere that means no more gas giant but instead a planet that's easier for humans and critters alike to live and move around on speaking of movement because of the smaller size the gravity on this new Neptune would be almost the same as Earth's making it a heck of a lot easier to walk and jump around no more floating away into space now the atmosphere of the original Neptune is so thick you could barely see your hand in front of your face and the surface pressure is about 100 times that of Earth's atmosphere but our new Neptune would be much different with a much thinner and less dense atmosphere it would still have some methane water and ammonia in it but nowhere near as much as before finally the temperature the current Neptune is freezing with an average temperature of about - 370° F but if it was the same size as Earth it would likely be much warmer just like Uranus Ah that's more like it what a planet that would be that's it for the changes in the planet but what would happen to the entire solar system if we made all the planets so small it's hard to predict but it's clear that their gravity and orbits could change a lot it's unlikely that any of them would have flown into outer space or crashed into each other or something like that but many of their orbits would probably become quite unstable and the number of collisions with asteroids would have increased significantly of course all this is purely speculation it's not like we can actually test all this but it's still a pretty interesting thought experiment and it makes you appreciate just how unique and special our solar system really is okay here you are in the middle of the ocean it's endless but you can't see it because there's a thick fog all around you dense clouds hide the huge but dim sun is it day or night you don't know there's only a gray haze around you you're alone even if you try to swim down after several hours you still won't be able to see the bottom of the ocean and that's a typical water planet for you I know sounded kind of dark but it's not that bad these water worlds are more interesting than they may seem so let's take a look at them the ocean planet is a planet that consists as you might have guest mainly of water ice and maybe some rocks think of the Earth's oceans its horrifying depths the Mariana Trench and all that and now can you guess how much space all the water on Earth takes up zero .25% exactly now just try to imagine a world of 40 to 60% water if you dive in there the depth can exceed 60 Mi compared to that the 6m depth of our Mariana Trench sounds like nothing and yeah the pressure there will be enormous it can reach up to 20,000 Earth atmospheres very crushing now it may sound scary but it still would be great to find out more about these planets fortunately a according to scientist calculations there may be a lot of such planets in our galaxy alone well you don't have to go far you can find these water guys even in our solar system not planets of course but moons Jupiter has ganim and Kalisto and Saturn has Titan and Enceladus the ocean can reach up to 30% of the mass of these moons although it isn't clear whether these oceans are covered with a thick crust of ice but we've discovered quite a few full-fledged ocean planets this is because the conditions in which these planets may exist are very specific for example this planet should be somewhere 6 to 8 times larger than the earth if it's smaller it'll have a rocky surface but if it's bigger it'll turn into a gas giant at the same time it must be in the habitable zone of its star a little further and the planet immediately turns into an icy giant or a cold superar so yeah these guys are very picky we first start Ed exploring these planets back in the 1970s however since then we found only a couple of them but they're still very interesting the first planet is galise 1214b it was the very first ocean planet that we discovered initially the scientists noticed only a small dim dot this dot turned out to be the red dwarf star galise 1214 an unremarkable completely ordinary star that's five times smaller than our sun and 300 times dimmer scientists wouldn't worry about it at all but back in 2009 they noticed that this star had one single planet and this planet turned out to be quite strange this super Earth was 2 and 1/2 times bigger than our Earth and 6 and 1/2 times heavier but at the same time it had a very very small density and about the same gravity as our planet in other words there were almost no rocks and metals on it but it wasn't a gas giant either so there was only one option left it was covered in water and ice and that's how we discovered the first ocean planet well actually we can only assume that it consists of water that's what the mathematical calculations say in reality this planet is quite confusing it's difficult to explore and so far scientists haven't been able to find anything there no hydrogen no helium no water NADA that's because the outer layer of the atmosphere of this planet is very dense and it perfectly hides its composition but even so it's probably a water world galise 1214b is very close to its star it's only 0.014 astronomical units away which is less than the distance between the Moon and us the year there lasts about 36 hours and the temperatures to put it mildly are just wild scientists suggest that the average temperature there can reach 250 to 535 de F woo oo that's hot remember the creepy description from the beginning well actually spending time on gley 1214b would be a little different more like swimming in a steam boiler because of such gigantic temperatures the ocean on the surface will be constantly in a state close to Boiling without actually reaching it so imagine that you're descending to the surface of this planet flying through clouds of steam and then you suddenly find yourself in the water what but when did it happen well that's because the boundary between Steam and water on gley 1214b will be very blurred of course you won't be able to swim to the bottom of this ocean but most likely this bottom is covered with a very thick layer of so-called hot ice it's like regular ice but it doesn't really care about the laws of physics so it just doesn't melt even at gigantic temperatures and the thickness of this ice can reach as much as 3,000 MI so that's it for the creepy gley 1214b and not an Airbnb in sight now although we can't 100% guarantee that it's a water world we still have another candidate for this position a newly discovered planet called toi 452b this planet located in the dragon constellation is almost 100 light years away from us it was discovered using the test telescope by a group of researchers from the University of Montreal this planet also belongs to the class of super Earths it's seven times larger than our planet but 48 times heavier again all this is at a very low density because of this scientists have suggested that almost the entire planet consists of a giant ocean here we were a little luckier this world won't be just a giant puddle in some thick ice on this planet there's probably a rocky surface deep under the water just like in a typical ocean don't get too excited though this ocean will certainly be very different from what we're used to toi 452b also orbits a small red dwarf and not even one but two at once at the same time if the previous planet was close to its Sun then this one on the contrary is very very far away it's 2 and 1 half times farther from its Stars than Pluto is from the sun and it moves at great speed a year there lasts only 11 days but we still don't know many things about this planet we'll probably get some new information when scientists observe it from the James web telescope well that's it wait did you expect something else all right all right I know the question that bothers you the most can there be life well this is a difficult question we all know that water means life and besides these planets are in the habitable zones of Their Stars so potentially yes there might be life not some full fledged civilizations of course but bacteria fish and some creepy giant monsters I mean you know why not however this is very unlikely water alone isn't enough to create life even though it's very important there should also be some microelements and some minerals and unfortunately for most water planets the composition will only consist of water and very thick ice there won't be any minerals there but don't give up there's still some probability first of all there are meteorites and comets they can bring the necessary minerals to the planet the more often they crash into it the higher the probability that they'll bring something like this into the ocean and thus create life secondly toi 452b actually has these minerals yes we don't know how deep the rocky bottom is located there but if it exists then surely something could have originated there let's hope that new research with powerful teles Scopes will allow us to find out the truth and who knows maybe one day we'll be able to visit such a planet ourselves

Channel: BRIGHT SIDE Series

Views: 44,367

Keywords: bright side space, space documentary, universe documentary, science news, space news, James Webb space telescope, planets, solar system, Planet X, planet 9, astronomy documentary, spaceX, 4k video, spacex, theia, nibiru, giant planet, nibiru planet x, size comparison, james webb, outer space, phaeton, planet tyche, unknown planet, how the universe works, planet nine, planet x nibiru, planet nibiru, x planet, search, planet x documentary, solar storm 2024, bright side series

Id: yrlyvFvmqRs

Length: 62min 35sec (3755 seconds)

Published: Mon Apr 22 2024