The Legend of Beowulf, Anglo-Saxon/Germanic Mythology and ASMR for Sleep

hello everyone we have a long story to explore tonight one of Heroes monsters and great Deeds a story that will take us to a world of fantasy and also to our own past to discover the society the tradition the culture that produced this epic story so without waiting more please find a comfortable position and Let Yourself Go just focus on what I say because we are getting started right now with the story The Legend of beol [Music] Once Upon a Time so long ago that the north of Europe was still Pagan and people there worshiped multiple exotic Gods there was a king of the Danes called rothgar Ro car was a sealing and the sealings were a clan of Danish Kings all descending from seal or SKU one of the first Kings of the Danes this clan this dynasty had conquered Denmark and Beyond Sweden the north of Germany Bel of Great Britain rgar was powerful and respected so much so that he was surrounded with a court of Warriors of Great Value he had a beautiful wife and together they all lived in the Great Hall that rothgar had had built for his court the Hall of erat Life at erat was happy the king and his Warriors spent a lot of time hunting and eating by day or singing and celebrating by night and so days weeks months Seasons years past in joy and Harmony but not for everyone near the Hall of herro Le leave the monster a big creature called hanon also known as a troll his name was grandol most OT teners the TRS lived away from humans and from Gods some of them in yenh the land of the Yon but sometimes one would wonder the Earth and this was the case of grall few ever saw him and survived and the ones who did were so terrified that they did not remember well what he looked like so we don't know exactly but he was enormous terrifying and very aggressive always ready to attack humans who bothered him it was said that grandall was a descendant of Cain the first born of Adam and Eve who had also become the first murderer when he killed his brother Abel and he was punished for this to a life of wondering so grandall lived near Herod and each night he was annoyed by the singing and the screams of joy that came from the king's Hall it was too noisy and his Sinister nature did not tolerate expressions of Joy so one night grandal lost patience and attacked the hall just as its inhabitants had gone to sleep renol was very strong his skin was hard Stone so weapons could not harm his flesh and it was a massacre that night several of King rosal's men died before finally grandol retreated but the following night he came back and again the night after making Herod an unable place where the king and his surviving people now lived in anxiety and at night they lived in Terror of the monster attack the sounds of happiness that once came from the hall had disappeared and on the silence a heavy silence and replaced them occasionally troubled by the terrified screams of the survivors or the growl of grandall at night when he went back to capture and kill more humans as these tragic events unfolded the news that the king of the Dan's Hall had been invaded by a monster spread and it reached Gat land Kingdom of the gats in the south of What Would One Day become Sweden among the gats lived a young Warrior beol who was eager to show his worth and wanted to live a life of adventure when he heard of rodar's problem he quickly decided this was his chance and he went to the king of the G to ask for permission to leave his homeland and this permission was granted bwolf took a few companions with him and together they sailed to the whole of herat where king rgar and the monster grandall awaited them when they arrived to the king's court they were received with the open arms but also skepticism how would they do anything against a monster that the best warriors of rodar had not been able to even wound but it couldn't hurt to receive reinforcement and they were invited to spend the night at herro that night once Darkness had engulfed the king's Hall grandall returned leared to terrorize the court and kill a human or two but beol was waiting fing sleep and as soon as the monster passed close enough he leapt up to grab him mayol carried no weapon because he wanted to prove he was grandor equal or even stronger and the monster fought with his bare hands so bwolf would do the same the monster was surprised at this little man who dared to defy him with no weapon instead of fleeing or trembling like the others but this only made grandol more Furious and the fight began be's companions tried to help him but their souls could not Pierce gr's skin and instead of trying to wound him with a blade bwolf tried another approach he grabbed gor's arm and pulled on it with all the strength he could find within himself for a time that seemed to last forever bwolf kept pulling and forcing the monster's shoulder while Grand tried desperately to get rid of him with his other arm but unsuccessfully and suddenly there was a big cracking sound followed by a second of silence and immediately after a scream of pain the shoulder and arm of grindle had been ripped from his body the monster ran back to his lair in the nearby marshes where he lat to died inh herit all could not believe their eyes the monster had been thred and the nightmare was over gor's arm was displayed at herro for all to see that the monster had died and that bwolf was a fierce Warrior was it the end of the story no far from that so again make yourself comfortable let the tension go in your shoulders slowly and just let me do the work before we go on remember that you can full asleep whenever you feel like it you can always come back later there are time stamps for that if you wish to resume the story there are in the description box and the first comment pinned under this video together with them you will find links to alternatives to listen to my stories there are more and more of them them you can listen to them in streaming on Spotify Apple music and other music streaming apps they are posted there without sound effects during or after the end of the story so if this is what you prefer you can go listen there you can also download and listen to everything on patreon if you if you wish to support this channel this helps me minimize advertising whenever possible and you get plenty of perks like the tracks with different background sounds surveys previews announcements and finally for a different take on the narration you have lights out library and biot deos the two new podcasts in American English and Spanish respectively where Olympia retells the stories lights out Library already has more than 10,000 listeners per week on Spotify and apple podcast so we are excited to keep growing the library of stories and soon bring exclusive stories to this podcast so if you want to explore all this the links are in the description and the pin comment and now let's go on with the story of bolth before I tell you about its roots and historical and literary significant now that rall was no more King rgar and his surviving Warriors could enjoy the Hall of herro again beol the G was thanked profusely as much as he deserved and offered Treasures to take back home he was also invited to stay in the Kingdom for as long as he wished and for him to be comfortable he was given a separate lodging near herro but what all of them ignored was that grandall was never alone he had family near the marshes where grandall had settled there was a lake and under the waters of this Lake there was a cavern where lived gall's mother another terrifying creature when she discovered her son had been killed she seek revenge and just the night after grandall had been slayed she herself went to Herod surprising the king and his followers in their sleep after their celebration of Beard's Victory when D's mother killed one of roar's most loyal Warriors aier before escaping and returning to her secret lir in the cavern under the Lake's Waters the next morning beol and his men were called to help again it seemed a display of gor's arm at heret had infuriated Grand's mother even more and beol was responsible for it so it was only fair that he protected the king's Hall again the party with King RAR bwolf and their men went after the monster they followed her tracks and they arrived at the lake the tracks disappeared on the shore and they understood that the fight would happen have to take place here under the waters bwolf volunteered to go fight gor's mother before diving he stipulated conditions to rgar in case he would not come back including that his companions would be taken in and then he jumped into the cold Waters of the lake under its peaceful surface this Lake was full of monsters there were flesh eating fish water serpents and these animals started harassing BW as soon as he was under water but the hero kept swimming all the way down to the bottom and he found the entrance to the cavern The Hideout of gor's Mother where there was air and he could breathe but as soon as he entered he saw her face to face and the combat began it turned out to be very difficult for bwolf and soon even desperate his sword could not hurt her and his bare hands neither her skin just seemed impossible to wound bewal even narrowly escaped death when she tried to kill him with a short sword and he was saved only by his armor as the fight went on and be wolves was starting to feel exhausted he spotted another sword hanging on the wall apparently it was a sword made for yeners definitely not human in origin given that his own sword was useless he decided to switch he managed to take it and it turned out this new sword could harm gle's mother now that she no longer was invincible he could Prevail and soon he could cut her head off with the yoton sword as he was catching his breath bewal discovered the corpse of grandal in a corner of the cavern that his mother had transported here he also severed gor's head and now that gor's mother had been eliminated to peace could finally return to the hall of heret and King rosar Court bwolf swam back to the edge of the lake he presented the proofs of his victory and received many more gifts from rgar the most precious of them being the king's sword nagling that had belonged to the clan of the sings for Generations be wolf would soon be ready to return home with all his gifts that made him a rich man his new sword and most importantly the glory he had acquired in the Hall of rodar life would return to normal the laughes and the songs would soon be heard again at dusk as the nightmare brought upon the hall by grandle and his mother gave way to a new time of Hope and happiness this is not the end of bef's exploits he will soon be back and have to face a more formidable enemy but let's take a moment to have a look at this hi big story where does it come from how do we know it and what does it tell us beyond the story itself and the action you may have noticed something a bit odd the story takes place around the sixth Century in Pagan Scandinavia we know it from the names or the places but at the same time you remember kenle on top of being an neoton the type of being from Germanic mythology of which North mythology is a part of yeners are also called yoton in Scandinavia a term that is often translated as giant even though this is not a very good translation because rather than enormous creatures like the term giant invites to imagine them the yans were more like regular sized humanoids maybe imposing but not enormous they supposedly looked a lot like humans but they were a different species different kind from humans their appearance is unclear the way they were described depended on the traditions and the places since they are mythical creatures but the point is that together with the story of bwolf its characters its places its references the heans belong to pre-christian Germanic culture or mythology and yet there is this reference to grle being a descendant of Cain the first murderer from the Hebrew Bible and the Old Testament of the Christians Cain was a man and this reference originated in the Middle East thousands of miles away from the regions where Germany peoples lived so so how is that possible it is possible because the version of balth that we know of the oldest written version is from a manuscript produced in England at the turn of the second Millennium between 975 and 1025 ad about a thousand years ago for us this manuscript was written at a time when England had been christianized for several centuries already and written culture the production of manuscripts was deeply tied to religion to monasteries that were the main centers of production and conservation of knowledge and literature so the story enclosed in this manuscript is clearly of Germanic and pagan origin but it is looked at through this Christian lens it was written down at a time when Christianity dominated by cists by scribes who were most probably Christians themselves and this is where the reference to pain comes from it was a way to christianize it in a sense it sounds likely but that's a topic of discussion between Scholars that the christianization of this story also affected it in more subtle ways for example the glorification of pagan characters may have been tone down down there could have been an injection of moral principles that were not in the original version the balance of the story could have been changed in ways that are not easy to find out to disentangle after so much time but let's take some of these questions in order and first why you pay Germanic tale written in England because as you know England in the second half of the first Millennium was dominated by Germanic peoples that had come from the continent the most famous of these peoples being the angol and the Saxons in England these Germanic settlers mixed with with a local population that had a Celtic and Roman culture the Roman Empire left important traces in England but it was present for less time than in the rest of Western Europe if you compare it with Spain or France and this Roman presence did not fully transform the local culture out of a limited number of urban centers for centuries in Grant of the post Roman period was strongly influenced by Germanic culture in a local variant of this culture because of the distance with the continent and the variety of Germanic peoples these differences started with the language in the three last centuries of the first Millennium the dominant language in England had become old English also called angr Saxon Germanic language that after many influences and the passing of time would one day become English but don't imagine Old English or anglosaxon has a kind of archaic English that a Modern English speaker could V really understand it worked and sounded really very different not just the words but also the structures so at best it would be possible to pick a word here and there and it takes years of study to be able to correctly translate Old English before Old English the languages spoken in Roman Britain in England where common Brittanic which was a Celtic language it had different Regional dialect and to a lesser extent there was Latin wrote by the Invaders and occupiers that stayed for decades in Britain All the Way North to the frontier with Scotland with the decay of Roman power and presence the proportion of Germanic settlers coming from the continent especially from the coast of the North Sea this proportion increased to the point that Germanic people became dominant in England common Brittanic died down and with it the presence of Celtic language in England almost disappeared except in in the peripheral parts of England and so it was replaced by Anglo Saxon Old English which was a West Germanic language a branch of Germanic languages its closest relatives in the family of languages were old Fran and old Saxon spoken on the continent Old English itself had dialects Regional dialects there were four main ones kti meran Northern Brian and West Saxon the language of the Kingdom of Wessex these dialects had different fortunes West Saxon for example influenced a lot the literary production in Old English in the last centuries of the first Millennium north of England there was this northan dialect that strongly influenced Northern English which centuries later evolved into Scots in Scotland where it displaced GIC the Celtic language that previously dominated in Scotland but the one dialect that became the base of middle and Modern English in the following centuries would be mercian but returning to the progressive formation of the English language I was telling you that by the sixth seventh centuries Old English Anglo Saxon now dominated in England and this termination lasted well into the 11th century in the meantime England received yet another shot of Germanic culture or Germanic language in the 9th and 10th Centuries with the north the Viking invasions coming from Denmark and Norway mostly Old North the language of the Vikings belonged to another branch of Germanic languages and so it shared the similarities with Old English the end of the era of Old English domination is traditionally dated to the Norman invasion of 1066 William the Conqueror the Duke of Normandy landed in England and took possession of the country the Normans the new masters of inland brought with them their dialect of French and the new language of the Elites in England became angr Norman in the 11th and 12th centuries angr Norman did not eradicate Old English that remained popular but with the passing of generations it influenced it strongly to the point that old English evolved into a language different enough to be considered separate middle English the direct ancestor of Modern English and the dominant language spoken in England during the second half of the Middle Ages this Norman influence distanced much more English from the Germanic languages it originally came from so if we want to position baywolf within this timeline at the time when the bwolf manuscript we have was produced we were at the turn between the 10th and 11th centuries at least 50 years before the Norman Conquest in a country that was still dominated by Old English and also by the Christian faith which at the time the end of the 10th Century had almost completely eradicated older Celtic beliefs maybe apart from a few exceptions they had not survived the installation of Christianity the manuscript was written using a version of the Latin alphabet which is normal because for almost 300 years of already this alphabet was used to write Old English there are a few known inscriptions in Old English that used a runic system but this system was replaced by Latin letters from about the 8th Century all this lengthy historical explanation was for you to visualize a bit better where bwolf comes from we know the story in Old English from a manuscript produced in England one of the oldest such manuscripts so it can be regarded as one of the first pieces of English literature but it is also the product of many generations of Germanic peoples in England of Germanic myths and stories of Epic poems that told the stories of Heroes and expressed the outlook on the world on the Divine on life and death of ancient Germanic peoples the same story or other versions of the same story could well have circulated in much of Germanic dominated Western and Northern Europe which by the end of the Western Roman Empire was almost all of Western Europe Germanic peoples had migrated to all these regions and created new kingdoms the angles the Saxons the Juds in England the Franks in France the physico in Spain and in Italy together with the ostrogoth there were the vandor too who went all the way south to North Africa via Spain and then back to Europe all these tribes were different from one another but They Carried with them a common cultural mythological background the one that already dominated in what would become Germany and the Nordic countries in Scandinavia so here is our connection between bewal England where this story circulated and was written down and this Scandinavian pre-christian setting of the story in the 7th 8th 9th 10th centuries England and Scandinavia were part of the same extended cultural area now Germanic people BS certainly had various epics like this one many of them were probably forgotten forever because they were not put in writing or maybe they were later and the writings were lost we don't know whether the story of baywolf was a well-known major piece of their storytelling tradition like the Odyssey for the ancient Greeks for example or whether it was just a secondary obscure taale that piled in comparison with other more popular stories that we wouldn't know of there is a lot of mystery surrounding baywolf for this reason it looks a lot like the tip of an iceberg a mythological iceberg that was transmitted essentially orally and mostly got lost by the way this also happened to a branch of Germanic mythology which is north mythology we know most of what we know about it from late medieval writings the headers that were produced in Iceland but they probably con contained just a fraction of what existed in North mythology and like for bwolf when these headers were written the beliefs and traditions they expressed were already disappearing they were being replaced by new languages new cultures and a new faith I will have more things to tell you about the the text itself but for now let's go back to the story we are only halfway through it after his exploits at the court of King rgar the slaying of grandall and his mother beol had returned to the kingdom of the gids years passed and has been had become a respected Warrior he eventually became king of the gids more years passed decades even and bwolf became an old man who still remembered vividly his exploits in service of Roar but the days of Adventure now seemed long gone for him until one particular day just 50 years after his battle with Grand's mother inside his kingdom leave the dragon who was asleep peacefully in his lair inside a mountain where it had a mass a fabulous treasure but only a fool would have approached the dragons there as the creature was terrifying it looked like a giant lizard with wings and it could spit fire one day a slave a careless slave ventured into the dragon's air and stole a beautiful cup of gold with jewels was it due to a faint noise or just the dragon's intuition this theft woke up the monster seeing that little piece of his treasure was missing the dragon entered in a destructive rage flying over the land of the gats the dragon started to burn their homes and their lands randomly including be's home by chance the King was not in it when it happened peace and Tranquility had been broken in the Kingdom of the gats and so bwolf decided to fight and kill the monster he and his thingss his Lords gathered and climbed to the Dragon's Lair where the monster was taking a break from its destructive raids but the Beast was so frightened in that as soon as they saw it all the thingss but one a particular Brave Lord called wig all the thingss escaped in Terror the Old King and wig started fighting the dragon alone but on top of being enormous the animal was heavily armored with its scales and its clothes and teeth were more dangerous than any sword could ever be bwolf was no longer the vigorous young man he once was and after a long fight the dragon managed to wound him severely fatally even be wolf looked at his wound in incredulity and the dragon already felt the taste of Victory but at this very moment wlav the only th left attacked from behind and wounded the dragon between two scales the monster was Furious he turned back and bwolf seized the opportunity he drew his dagger and plunged it into the dragon's heart the monster fell and died once again bwolf had saved the day but for the last time the Old King was losing blood his strength was abandoning him and the will to kill the dragon that had kept him alive for a few more moments was now gone with wig laugh by his side beol closed his eyes and expired near the dragon scps and so ended the life and heroic story of baywolf on this last exploit so there's a lot to say but first you probably recognized this try again l like Spitting Fire Winged It is a main source maybe the most important one in the establishment of the cannon of the fantasy Dragon of the kind you can find in tol kin's work actually tolin the author of The Lord of the Rings knew bwolf very well he was an expert in it and this epic was one of his sources of inspiration he took elements from it elements of World building as we now say and also something of the structure itself the way I told you the three fights of bealth is not really how the poem is written it follows the same chronology with these three exploits grandall then grandal's mother and finally 50 years later the dragon but before and in between them there are plenty of degression that are not really necessary to the story there is a Prelude that starts with the funeral of a Danish King there are descriptions after the the saying of gall's Mother King RAR starts a long sermon that is more like a moralizing talk than anything Story related so it is a bit like trying to retell the story of the troan war based on just the ilad the ilad is a main source for the story of the Tron War but if you take it how it is presented you have essentially plenty of degression like lists of shapes of troops of people that don't really bring much to the story itself and the only covers a few days of this long War so if you want to tell the troan war and make it understandable and interesting you have to eliminate many parts of the Iliad or summarize them very quickly and you have to expand other parts but what these degression do in the ilad like in bwolf is flesh out the world in which the action happens it gives it a sense of depth it makes it credible and real in a sense toin and after him the majority of authors in modern fantasy were strongly inspired in that sense by bolf fantasy books are almost always full of this well building information that is not necessary to the story but gives it a credible and appealing background anyway the inspiration ation that tolkin Drew from bwolf to create Middle Earth and the Lord of the Rings is a topic in itself the names of races like ANS hws elves the names of people of places the structure of society the style a lot of it was taken from bwolf and more broadly from Germanic mythology and traditions as they were understood in the 19th and 20th centuries like other antique epic poems bolf begins in the middle of action in medas as it is called it was the same for the Odyssey or the heliad and I told you about the narrative structures of these in the previous stories we have it again here in bolf it is first and foremost the story of a hero an epic tale but instead of starting the story with this hero which could make sense we begin with a Prelude at the court of rgar with the invasion of the Hall of herro by grandall and only after that the hero is introduced this has actually become a very common formula an approach to writing in contemporary books and films if you take the majority of modern Thrillers Adventure or horror films cup shows courtroom dramas they often begin with the scene that takes you straight into the action before the opening credits and only after do we discover the main characters and understand that the first scene was an introduction to what the development of the story will be or a way of introducing characters by showing what they do rather than telling it which is always a good way to avoid tedious Exposition and also hook viewers at the same time now it is likely that this narrative structure was already present in the oral tradition of Germanic people who created and transmitted the story but there is always a doubt because the first version we know was produced later it is always possible that the persons who wrote the story down took Liberties and made changes to the structure based on the writing and the style it is established that two different writers to different scribes worked on the manuscript and here we touch on the religious and cultural context of English society between the seventh and 10th centuries the christianization of England was completed around 700 AD completed means that Christianity dominated not that every single person followed it many authors dated bwolf the creation of the story not the manuscrip to the 8th century for that reason because according to them the story the characters retain a lot of the Pagan anglosaxon culture that declined fast after 700 AD among the various debates about bealth one is about how Pagan and how Christian it is is it an old almost pure Germanic Pagan story with a superficial Christian layer like the connection between grandall and Kan or the fact that bwolf being a pagan Pagan character despite his bravery there can be no happy end for him and he dies or is it almost the opposite is it a story written by and for Christians about their Pagan ancestors or relatives as we saw before the manuscript is from around the late 10th Century to the early 11th century this is 300 years after the christianization of England so there is little doubt that the story of balth circulated in a society that was no longer pagan but this doesn't mean the heroic quality of the story and the appeal of a world of Wonders were no longer attractive to the Anglo-Saxons the story of bolf like other epic poems not only Germanic the Greek ones too where first and foremost destined to be performed rather than read they were told in front of an audience part of the work of Scholars who study texts and societies from these periods is to try and recreate to understand how this was done was it a kind of theater with actors was it just one person telling it quietly around the fire there are many aspects of the cultural and soci practices of this period that we ignore and that are subjects of speculation of guessing so the debate about the nature of this version of bewal that we know of is going on some see it as one of the last expressions of pagan tribal society that was disappearing but happened to put this text in writing before it was forgotten and others see it more as a Christian story or a story for Christians set in a pagan context and if this is true it could also mean that the bwolf we know has been amputated of different parts that did not pass the Christianity test for example in this story there are supernatural creatures like grandle the Hoten his mother she has powers too there is a dragon there is also a bit of magic to a limited extent for example the sword that bwolf uses to kill Grand's mother but bwolf is not heavy on Magic iic and miracles there is no divine intervention of any kind and this is surprising for an epic poem If you think about the north sagas or Greek myth gods are often protagonists they intervene to help or stop Heroes they fight between them to create things and this was also the case in in a Germanic myth that we know of in balth in comparison this world and the forces at play in the story look quite realistic it is not heavy at all on artifacts and Magic there are no Gods to be seen except as the object of be's prayers sometimes he prays to an unspecified either higher single God a father almighty this is really not what a real Pagan Warrior would do rather than imagine this as the creation of Germanic poets it is tempting to see bearwolf as a christianized version of an older story which could have been redacted to suit the criteria of its time and with this we return to this uncertainty about whether baywolf is really a pagan work with a bit of Christian coloring on the side or the other way around is to reproduced by a Christian Society that used Pagan cultural elements and a pagan setting from its own past to make it colorful historical and attractive we should also not rule out a possible influence of the Greeks and the Romans on the written version of payal a century ago it was popular to make comparisons with the Odyssey by homor or the inad by virtual the inard is a long Latin epic poem strongly influenced by its Greek predecessors and it tells the story of how troan survivors who narrowly escaped death after the fall of Troy traveled the Mediterranean Sea and arrived in Italy where they became the founders of Rome the ramens never saw this has a historical account it was a work of fiction to them but apart from belonging to the same kind of Epic heroic tale a possible influence of these antique works on bolf just comes from their presence in England at the time of its christianization dominant literary language in medieval England like in the rest of Christian Europe was Latin not Old English or other ancient local European languages the texts that mattered the most like science treaties theology were to be written in Latin first Greek culture was also discrete in medieval England but it was present educated people learned Greek alongside Latin and for example in in the late 7th Century the AR Bishop of Canterbury was a Greek Man Theodore of tarus who had fled the Middle East relocated to Rome and be sent to England as an Arch Bishop in this period cultural exchange between the Mediterranean world and the Western and Northern Europe was not intense at all this part of the world had been sent back several centuries in time in terms of infrastructure culture and standards of living after the fall of the Roman Empire but there were still tenuous contct and the most important of these networks was Christan D the Catholic church that was expanding to Europe and through its structure with all its dioceses and its hierarchy it connected all regions that's why beyond the story the existence of Borth tells us of a disappeared world the time of the Anglo suance in England of the christianization of Europe of the emergence of new states that for some of them evolved into modern country the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England the Frankish Kingdom of Francia with its western part that became the Proto France and its eastern part that formed the core of the Holy Roman Empire centered on Germany and the north of Italy in the north of Europe too by the time bwolf was put in writing the north were being christianized and formed kingdoms that still exist like Denmark and Norway there could be many more aspects to mention but one last maybe is that bealth mixes different types of elements there is Legend myth fiction but also historical elements King rgar and his dynasty that get a significant Exposition in the first part of the poem are generally considered based on the real sing Dynasty from 6th Century Scandinavia there were also archaeological finds in the east of Denmark in the past few decades in the area where where tradition located the Hall of erat the seat of the sealings this dynasty to which rgar belonged and archaeologists found there the remains of three mid 6th Century Halls large rectangular buildings measuring 50 m 160 ft nothing proved they were actually the seat of the ceilings and the herot depicted in bwolf but still this brings credibility to the idea the hypothesis that elements of beol are rooted in the history of Scandinavia elements that would have crossed the North Sea included in stories or because they were famous by themselves in England and were reused in story is there we have reached the end of our story for tonight you can now let go and follow as sleep or pick another story from my library if you don't feel sleepy yet I'll be back soon with another episode and in Mean Time sleep well sweet dreams for for for for for for for for e for e for for for e for for for for e e for for for for for for that e for for for for for for for for for for for for for 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Channel: The French Whisperer ASMR

Views: 85,547

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Id: pnWXkUhEJR0

Length: 135min 44sec (8144 seconds)

Published: Sun Mar 10 2024