The Importance Of Stonemasons & Blacksmiths | Secrets of the Castle (4/5) | Absolute History

castles dominated the medieval landscape and Britain has some of the finest in the world today most of decaying relics many of their secrets buried in time now historian Ruth Goodman an archaeologists Tom Finn phone and Pete again are turning the clock back to relearn the secrets of the medieval castle builders this is the ultimate in medieval technology the origin of our customs is distinctly French introduced at Britain at the time of the Norman conquest of 1066 [Music] here in the Burgundy region of France is getting on CASL the world's biggest archaeological experiment a 25 year project to build a castle from scratch using the same tools techniques and materials available in the 13th century it's a lot of hard work and coalface because this is industry for the next six months Ruth Peter and Tom will experience the daily rigors of medieval construction drop-down and everyday life our workers dress date and the art of combat this is the story of how to build a medieval castle [Music] four months into their adventure the team have been immersed in the building work alongside getting on spaces they've learned how a castle was defended in times of war every stone has to be in line because this is an hour up and up and up and discovered how lavishly decorated castles were on the inside showing your power it was about prestige [Music] now the team delve deeper to discover the secrets of the skilled communities whose combined expertise made such mighty castles castles were not made from stone alone without the mastery of the medieval blacksmiths transforming metal [Music] and the carpenters sophisticated grasp of geometry Wow is all I can say the castle could never be built at all this is one of those moments when everything comes together extremely fast in quite a dramatic way the first castles introduced to Britain by the Normans were mostly built not of stone but of wood making them quicker and cheaper to construct their favorite design was the modern Bailey following the conquest of 1066 they erected hundreds of strategic locations across England and Wales one of the first structures completed here at ghetto is an example of a classic wooden modern baby you know I can never remember wish want the mortar which one's the Bailey the mortars your mound on top of which you probably end up for the a wooden tower like this which in our case in get on goes on to be the great tower your Bailey is the area enclosed by your palisade fence as we can see here so this could be your Bailey so the baby becomes the courtyard parts a fence comes to curtain falls exactly that's the evolution of Castle right there it isn't it [Music] while most early castles were made of timber at key sites the Normans invested in stone expanding on the modern Bailey principle of high tower the defensive surrounding wall but using materials that were far more imposing and durable [Music] William the Conqueror built stone castles to make a statement Norman rules here to stay [Music] the fact so many of these castles are still standing after almost a thousand years is testament to the precision and skill of their builders [Music] it's this remarkable standard of craftsmanship they're seeking to recapture it get a lot [Music] most of the walls are built with rubble stones which are easy to produce in the quarry every 10 feet the Masons build leveling courses rows of carefully dressed flat stones that strengthen the wall and also allow the Masons to regulate the structure it's too irregular if you using just blocks er shaped but not specific they've actually end up with a weak wall by putting the leveling courses you flatten everything out we start building again from a horizontal surface and so you would do that again and again right up to the top and that just keeps it strength of the wall and allows you just see they see planets out and work from a flat surface tom is helping to extract a particularly large stone from the quarry by the castle to use in a leveling course Macchio rego has been at quarry man here for nine years we're just making a small hole and into that we're gonna insert the wedge what we want to do is hit that perfectly actually the actually worked its way along in the actual crash in the rock so it's not as simple as just smack smack smack there's your o puttin the wedge each different type of rock has its own extraction method and quarry men's skills were handed down from father to son okay we've got our split now we just need to separate these two bits of stone so it's over to the crowbar get that in I'm gonna lift it up gonna apply small wedges in the Middle Ages some quarry men also worked as stonemasons Mason's were well-paid free men who enjoyed exceptional status among the workers at the age they traveled widely their skills constantly in demand for building great castles and churches [Music] on a construction site the stonemasons Lodge is where they gather to eat drink and discuss ideas and desires lodgers became regarded as strongly symbolic buildings where the closely guarded secrets of the Masons craft was shared and geometry is torn [Music] in an age where there was little scientific knowledge than a great deal of superstition it's easy to see why Masons Lodge acquired an almost mystical status [Music] professor Ronald Hutton is a historian specializing in medieval and early modern folklore [Music] we're sitting in a Masons Lodge and those words conjure up certain images is that true I mean was there any such thing as Freemasonry in the 13th century certainly not Freemasonry as we know it comes along at the end of the 16th century actually in Scotland where decide to pull together the Masons skill of understanding and geometry and structure in order to try and understand the secrets the universe and that began the secret society of people dedicates to knowledge which grew in Freemasonry as we know it so it has absolutely nothing to do with this sort of medieval tradition of building well medieval masonry is the seed of modern Freemasonry as the fulgrim plant if you're a medieval mace you are doing God's work you're building God's houses the churches and cathedrals and as God as the grand architect of the universe using actual geometry so human Mason's reproduce that they are sub creators but also in a highly mobile skills dangerous trade that's why a lodge like this is so important if you are a freemason in the medieval sense in other words you're free to go where you like to have a place like this a temporary home from home where Masons can gather share information share hot tips and simply live play dice booze chill out after the day's work is done is absolutely essential stonemasons were not the only skilled craftsmen on a castle building site [Music] castle required huge amounts of wood and this called the carpenters roof structures doors walkways and draw bridges were all made from timber [Music] would was also key to the building process from scaffolding and lifting machinery to basic buckets here at gadelle on the wooden scaffolding is a really visible part of the bills it's also one of the most precarious and potentially dangerous indeed we know that in eleven thirty eight at Canterbury Cathedral William songs the master builder was up inspecting the high volts when he fell from the scaffolding and was paralyzed essential to secure scaffolding our pot logs the Timbers which stick out from the wall for the scaffold planks to rest on the Timbers are deeply embedded in the wars in pot lug holes into which the logs are inserted [Music] by planning putt bug holes at regular intervals the Timbers can be continually raised in line with the stonework avoiding the need to build a scaffold up from the ground froyo renew chi is the master mason overseeing all construction on the site he's ultimately responsible for workers safety here at get along obviously we don't want anybody to die there are certain compromises you're having to have some modern health and safety issues with the scaffolding how close is the scaffolding you're using to being 13th century scaffolding and how much is because you need modern health and safety well the pretty one a century technique for us to walk is only to put the iron and also modern wood so when we look around us the 30th century scaffolding wouldn't have looked very different the wood would have been hand produced not too machine produced and instead of the bolts what would it have been instead of the bolts ropes it would have just been time yes it's all web to do compromise for our safety and for building in a good way but we don't change the way of milling we use wood the completed castle will have a chapel built into the east tower where the Lord and his family could practice their religious devotions even laymen would have heard maths at least once a day so a chapel was considered essential [Music] rosita Nichola to shiva is head carpenter here they must get the scaffolding in place to enable the Masons to build the next level of the chapel town the Masons have made a potluck whole and the Carpenters have prepared the wood in advance complete with a mortise and tenon joint something's still favored by carpenters today so not only do you have a mortise and tenon here that can be compact you've also put a joint so the pot log is actually sitting on this as well as in it to give it maximum security and then that pot log goes into the castle wall X beside it's secured with oak pegs okay and is the scaffolding in the bill can commence as well as the stonemasons being largely dependent on the carpenters both were also reliant on another set of craftsmen blacksmiths from hinges on doors to bars on windows for the chains that raised the drawbridge metal was crucial at the foot of the castle is a blacksmith's forge [Music] Martin Claudell produces the tools and metalwork required at get at all [Music] Peter and Tom are helping mix crushed clay with sand and water they're going to help build a furnace or bloomery to smelt iron for tool-making [Music] think about a blacksmith shop you think about all the little bits of metal kicking around bits of broken nail bits of fragments of iron that come off while you're you're smacking it with the hammer and this furnace is a way of melting those all down and turning them back into the metal that can be used is big old bellows [Music] once the furnace is complete they just need to put in the door held in with an ash paste so they can easily open it the giant double bellows are attached to the furnace to pump air into it when Linda raising the temperature from 800 to over 1,300 degrees sufficient to melt the scrap iron the steel respiration breathing in and out we've made the blue you've made the furnace I'm gonna put in charcoal we're gonna throw in the scrap iron bring it up to temperature melt this down and hopefully at the bottom we're gonna get to the very least reusable I'm but perhaps we'll get steel that's all about the carbon content security for fuel and the ability to do a good smelt steel is iron with a specific amount of carbon dissolved inside its structure when the temperature in the furnace rises more and more carbon from the charcoal is absorbed by the iron but it's a difficult balancing process [Music] this was medieval technology long before a modern understanding of chemistry but hard steel was so useful for tools that even small amounts were precious pretty soon we'll be ready to crack open that door and hopefully have a bloom of steel from which we can make tools we've reached that moment the iron that's gone in the top is melted it reached the bottom its hopefully turned into a steel bloom Claremont is just hacking out that sort of ashen water pace the Tommo used to patch up that door goes off we can see the mess wide entropy i melted down it's amazing to see this happen in a blacksmith shop I've never seen that before it just means that these guys are self-sufficient they need to compact the bloom to start the folding process for working it to shape into tools next the metal is rapidly cooled or quenched in water to lock in its hardness Martin and tests it with the steel file parts that feel softer than the file are iron harder bits are hopefully steel grief we got steel we first have to to walk it to see being able to produce hard steel enabled blacksmiths to make sharp cutting edges of tools like axis which is what Martin is going to forge later [Music] in the Middle Ages the Lords of castles like this one were part of the driving force behind the clearance of woodland to make way for crops and to provide timber and firewood there are more forests in France today than there were in the 13th century the location of gettin on castle was determined in part by the surrounding forest which provides large amounts of wood jamesha Louie is the head wood he gives the team a lesson in using medieval-style wood access to fell a tree trees were selected with specific uses in mind depending on their size and shape Sara Preston the site administrator is helping overcome the language barrier saying we're getting to the final stages now what he can't tell us is where the tree will fall exactly so as you pull back this one is keep working then you keep working keep working and at one point you will start to hear the tree cracking don't stop it's so easy now to go and get your lung forward or get your bit stone or the raw materials of life are easy to acquire when you see how much work is involved in the simplest of things and that's just that it's the tools to get those right areas and you're looking at is the complete toolset for words yeah and it is it's something and they would have cost a fortune but really for an ordinary working man I mean the tools of you trade people pass them down in families because you have to acquire this is definitely spectator sport yeah it's very easy to critique it I could see a whole new game show coming up now did you hear the crack hit someone I can hear cracking I don't know if it's actually the tree or me it is always one of the things I like about is expenses seeing how much skill there is in the simplest of things and how much intelligence and cleverness there is are you calling slow-motion [Laughter] part of the woodsman's skill is to plan so the tree fall safely in the right place without breaking on impact [Laughter] [Music] once the trunk has been squared up it will be used by the carpenters up on the chapel tower [Music] much of a castle owners wealth came from exploiting his land and its tenants one way of doing this was to build water mills providing a regular source of income these mills would have made a huge difference to the lives of local villagers and laborers [Music] producing flour for their bread required up to 2 hours a day of hand grinding but one mill could produce as much grain as around 40 people grinding by hand according to the Doomsday Book in England as early as 1080 there were over five and a half thousand water bills little is known about the mills of this time however one of the most ambitious projects at get along this year is the construction of a 12th century style water built the castle team and archeologists have based its design on the remains of two ancient mills discovered in Jura in the east of France in 2008 Sophy Winsett is one of a team of carpenters who've painstakingly worked on the water mill over a two-year period [Music] today is the moment of truth [Music] today we are going to try to make some flour in the watermill so we are going to open this lose the water it's gonna run and hopefully it will is gonna turn and grind some grain so this this be able to do this you can actually see it working and relate it back to the the evidence you found in the article record yeah yeah so this is why it's absolutely experimental archeology is I work that's why we tried several times at each time we have maybe to change some pieces and to do some modification so I think you can start by opening the sluice yes and then we will need someone to watch if the wheel is alright with the paddles and everything stays so there is emergency stop here with somebody you know ready to close it because if there is something in the mechanism it destroys everything in a minute and that's a lot of work yes people mention those paddles around yeah I'm shaking there's no big trouble in the gear yeah whoops stuff in the trough Bridgette it oh wow we get down to our second station but there's a problem the mill wheel isn't turning nearly as quickly as it ought to be it means that we don't have enough pressure right so the grain isn't coming out no it's not great now it's all from wood so it's a lot of friction everywhere the resistance and we have to find solutions you can hear the noise call you though I have to get a bit used then it would be a bit smooth everything it's doing you as well this is experimental archaeology so everything that's going on here is all about trying to work out exactly how these works I mean it's easy to think of a water mill in terms of water management and the water is coming down sluice and it is going into this wheel but the problem is it's not sufficient to drive this mill is too much friction currently in the in the mechanism so although the stones are going round they're only going around because we're helping them out so we just need to fine-tune this a little bit more to get this working perfectly we're very close very close two years of painstaking research and building could be in vain if the problems can't be remedied but Peter and Tom are hopeful that some simple modifications and liberal application of lubricating pig fat will salt the teething problems and get the mill working properly [Music] perhaps the most essential part of the blacksmiths role was keeping the workforce equipped the stonemasons tools become blunt after a few days world [Music] without a blacksmith to sharpen them all the stone cutting on-site would come to a halt in less than a week [Music] because iron and steel is so costly tools needed to last as long as possible but today the blacksmiths are making a new sidings you work together as a team you hit bounce on hits we don't talk it's all quiet it's not just experience or you're listening to the sound yes it's experience we used to work together and we have a code when I let my hammer stretch on the anvil it means that's it so in the all the noise working in the Forge it doesn't actually matter it's a visual sign as well that's it a piece of hard steel will be welded onto an iron axe head to make a hard cutting edge lady to start to taper down and we're gonna cut it any minute now wait okay tom has a go at cutting steel it's not as easy as I thought it would be I'm making some progress what the guys are doing is just measuring out the steel against the iron axe head it needs to be pretty precise until modern times few methods of accurately measuring temperature existed so blacksmiths traditionally judged it by watching the changing colors of the metal once the iron is white-hot the hard cutting steel can be welded onto it it's taking a lot of work to make this axe when you think about it it's a crucial tool for building the castle making the watermills shaping anything that was required like scaffolding come on play without an axe and these guys are working hard constantly just make sure those tools are available the entire site the climax of the process changing the qualities of metals was one of the medieval blacksmiths was carefully guarded secrets Martin heats the eggs to a critical temperature which changes the steel structure he then quenches it in vegetable oil which locks in this new harness without distorting the blade as water might [Music] the side ax is finally sharpened on stone [Music] medieval stonemasons may have been revered but many held the blacksmith's craft is Supernatural blacksmiths were intensely magical because since prehistory their performs this extraordinary sorcery of conjuring metal from rock and in fashioning its beautiful things many evil blacksmiths were regarded as great healers a pregnant woman afraid of labour a sick child an adult with a lingering illness would be laid upon a blacksmith's anvil and the blacksmith would pretend to Hallam's a hammer the illness out of them and people really believe that like royalty they had the power to heal by touch was that something that was considered to be dangerous magic or was it just part of life and nobody batted an eyelid it's pretty scary blacksmiths are often believed to make pacts with the devil ironically in which the blacksmith usually comes off better for example blacksmiths are believed to be the only people who can do jobs for the devil like shoeing his black horses without paying the price of their soul and there are even tales of blacksmiths some of them Saints who are capable of grabbing the devil's nose and their redhot pincers and tweaking it to get rid of him if he's annoying after the church responding to that the church canonized zombies blacksmiths and Dunstan and England as a classic case otherwise they simply got along with it blacksmiths were too useful and as long as they went to Mass and didn't have an alternative kind of religion there's no problem here at gedan are carpenters stonemasons and archeologists have spent weeks modifying the mill mechanisms of the water channel Peter and Tom are going to attempt to grind their bag of grain we are going to start with the will Philip tellers has been closely involved in the mill project from the beginning we are going to to turn and he's going to help them try it out here that stone singing it's unbelievable how many pieces man made each one of them actually involved in this wheel alone let alone the rest of the actual builders yeah one would listen other words all right we got enough water Toma maybe you can open the van the sluice gate here yeah that's it you know you use desert timber just leave rich after you put this one like this and now we'll just control the amount of water we let through yes so we are going to chain Bob spirit shouts out loud when it's time for me to you're controlling our power man flower power fill the hopper crane just ready speed operator to flower yeah suppose we need his tongue - okay yeah you are ready Toma ready open arms opening sluice gates coming down about to hit the wheel it's about it will hit the wheel [Music] the mill has a paddle wheel eight feet in diameter this turns an axle turning the smaller pit we the teeth of this turn the lantern wheel which turns the spindle this powers the millstone over 3 feet in diameter [Music] the bottom stone the bed stone it's fixed from the top line of the drama stir revolves to grind the grain [Music] that will all steins a guy [Music] and finally the male is operating as intended we creating an extraordinary feat of medieval engineering right now really appreciate how precise everything has to be this isn't pinpoint accurate it's gonna damage it so Peter how's it going have your flower we're getting pretty superb I mean yeah Wow Wow is all I can say you built this maybe a meter going Ondra a wheel your man geum's turn a stone is kilograms and you're managing to grind grain into flour this is the beginning of industry I suppose and to have this association with a castle you can free up people from the daily grind to do other things it's amazing let's see what we got fantastic are you happy I think it's a good start I mean it's just amazing how much work it actually takes to create one mill where hundreds and hundreds of bits of words these massive bits of stone got a channel all that power from the water now this is a big effort but you're gonna create bread you've got feed families soldiers workforces it's all worse it means that it all comes back what does the castle need it needs to be fed and this is what makes it happen [Music] and once it was up and running as well as producing food for the inhabitants of his castle the Lord could start making money for his new tenants on his line would have been obliged to use it and [Music] the next major project at the castle is to build a wooden walkway or gallery on the inside of the chapel tower this would allow soldiers to get from the main building to the castle walls without disturbing the sanctity of the Lord's Chapel [Music] in the Middle Ages carpenters use geometry to plan their wooden structures [Music] they drew on the floor because parchment was expensive than paper still very rare the carpenters are planning a section of the gallery by marking out a full-scale plan every piece of wood in Geylang Castle starts its life here on the tracing floor first of all the plans they are drawn on the floor to a one-to-one scale medieval units of measurement will not spend a diced varying from place to place isn't it interesting watching them work to how few numbers come into it it's mathematics but it's mathematics of proportions geometry it's you know two of this three of that harvick doublet portrait referred it it's not point six five to infringe the word for thumb boosts is the same as the word for inch every site would have its own units of measurement I like the fact the inch corresponds to the word for thumb I rather like the fact that feet and inches in yards is something that used to be right across Europe you know we tend to think that is a very British thing these days it's just that we hung onto it when everybody else left it behind but it used to be that they were all these little inches all these little feet all over the place everywhere different but the the system of measurement here Galen is based on a medieval castle was very close by and if we was turn up there at the start of the build in the 13th century on a board it would say this is one inches on this side this is one based on somebody's body and if they were to pass away those would have been written down to be used until the end of the build [Music] to make a straight line on the tracing floor it needs to be quite tight they use strain with red ochre powder yep thank you corresponding lines are made on each section of wood before matching with the floor plan [Music] and then they are leveled out and then they're plumbed off so you're constantly jiggling it's very very subtle little wedges going in to make sure everything's perfect [Music] once everything is lined up they can cut the joints they also chisel carpenters marks into the wood these are a code to identify the pieces of the frame making it easier to reassemble on the castle walls each team would have had their own code finally they assemble the completed frame [Music] this is the gallery I mean I can't believe from a few simple lines drawn on the tracing floor that we have this amazing structure ready it's going to the castle and here at get lon they almost think that carpentry it's it's who's the form of genius there's so much thinking involved with its line running through all these beams it's precise this can be unassembled by the carpenters it can be put to one side can be hoisted up reassembled outside the chapel tower doesn't need to be the same carpenter because you've got all the marks here it is a flat-pack medieval gallery this is going to flip up this way my feet would be down here this is a handrail there are we spindles here my head would be here and I've been looking out onto the courtyard and this is how you build a castle [Music] it's thought about 30 people would live in a castle like this from the Lord and his family down to servants and guards [Music] they would have been fed from the castle kitchen and bread would have been a staple of all their diets made in the Stone bread oven sponging quite nice weather Ruth and Tom are going to try making a basic bread with flour for the new mill Ruth is using a rising agent which was popular in the Middle Ages and things suppose it alcoholic yeah a sourdough is probably the most ancient method of raising bread because there's next to nothing involved you know you're just saving a bit from the previous day's batch when I made the last batch of bread I just broke a little bit of dough off and put it to one side and I popped it in some water with a fresh little bit of flour and this is the result so sourdough is literally sourdough yeah it is it's no trick there's no trick there's no trickery at all so I've not added any yeast and I won't add and this is gonna be an awesome carbohydrate for us a real staple diet is I mean this is the real basic working man's bread I mean it doesn't look that appealing but I guess you've you've got work for me to do well do you want to get it yeah add a little bit at a time and just start working it in so it's fingers in like you're mixing lime putty you know yeah I was going in for a break coming to the kitchen you say I thought you admitted you've never made bread he's like family affairs or you know proper big business how would a baker make his running jority of bread was made at home on on a family scale right okay so here we go out somebody you'd actually have it in-house in the 13th century most of it is being homemade okay that's behaving much more like a lump now isn't it I think no work has evolved in this at every stage is massive it is again so happy with that so just roll it into a nice loaf shape all right lovely yeah and then I want you to make a deep very fast cross it means that it's broken the surface tension is easy for the loaf to rise and also get all high-quality crust via crumb okay so two cuts that's the one burning wood hits the oven and is then raked out before the bread is placed inside that's [Laughter] [Music] done its job it's heated the stones it's brought them up to cooking temperature and now we need to get the oven clean ready for the bread to go in and we also want to put a little bit of stealing so that it will help that final rise just scrape it all to the side but access to the fire that is its 13th century oven health and safety they'll move it there right so Kim you need to just quickly mop out the oven you're not just cleaning you're also adding steam so that's a mop you want to get it in and throw it around okay and you see how that water doesn't just turn to steam it's just sort of seems to almost explode into steam your next challenge is to get it on your pal right okay make sure it's sliding on the power what it is hey Dad sticking it in right going in the middle done oh okay yeah I'll give you a shout when it's done okay I'll go back that's wood [Music] while the bread bakes tom tries out the side ax Mart only to square up wood creating flat faces around the trunk this is a weirdest act I've ever used is that the balance it's all off so we got a cutting edge in a flat side and that actually helps to cut but also for some of these fibers apart put the axe down like this you can actually see the pole is slightly tilted and that allows you to work along the would not listen close but because you're holding it here there's no risk to your knuckles or your fingers actually work but what it comes down to when I'm having trouble with is that fine tuning I know what I want to do I can see what's marked out for me but there I'll be honest it's always happening that way [Music] [Music] okay moments at Ruth Ruth how's your life done it was quite a dog though was that the intention you mean burn you mean burnt inside back Lane alright let's go out that is definitely burnt you closed to eat it that's on fire on the bottom ice cause that's healthy that oven was too hot it shouldn't scorch like that in that time oh well we'll scrape it off and my first loaf of bread I'm gonna eat it [Music] the wooden gallery is ready to be installed beside the chapel tower it's gonna take a post myself and Tomic I just hear the handrails to make sure it doesn't topple over that way they're gonna remove the chops from the three posts are gonna sit down the mortise and tenon joints will come together and this gallery we locked in place ready to take the final roofing section that covers it in here we go [Music] hey buddy gonna buy the calories in place [Music] with the basic frame in place long beams are now needed for the roof section come on sorry Mike look push straight up yeah after all that slow work where people seem to work for hours and hours and hours and produce very little this is one of those moments when everything comes together extremely fast in quite dramatic ways [Music] yep [Music] with a bit of force the joins go into place and a pegged into position just eats a popper roof on it and they are we've got a link between the the Great Hall and the curtain wall physical work but think when we first saw that drawing of what this was gonna look like yeah I didn't think we'd actually see this at the end of it was brilliant my water mill would also have a Mill Pond owned by the Lord which was a source of fish and castle workers might well have been rewarded for their hard work with a fish known as a scary beast it isn't there Pike was a favorite dish at feasts throughout the Middle Ages so freshwater fish was actually quite highly prized yes and Pike more so than things like salmon and trout yeah that is a medieval fish in our vegetable and you're not doing anything to this pike like just show him on as he is so half an hour should be done [Music] yes yes just okay straight to table I say straight table the pike is ready for presentation to Sophie Philippe and others who worked so hard building the mill and gallery here we go very impressive nice kids love desert cool that myself I brought something to this meal and although the Carpenters you will break them up for the people over there Oh fantastic Thank You Ruth the mill what do you think of the breads are coming out I mean it's no solid pike fleshes yes just watch one of the king of fish actually calm it went to finger sized pieces answer wishes the points it supposed to be able to pick it up with your fingers Wow but thank you really good really nice and I always thought Pike was really bony and so therefore really hard to eat but it's not particularly is it no meat it's quite intimidating the conclusion there yeah you should have seen it we were still fresh I think we should bring to the mill yeah next time the castle's place in the world expensive the latest architecture likewise Byzantine inspired art way you

Channel: Absolute History

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Rating: 4.9240317 out of 5

Keywords: history documentaries, quirky history, world history, ridiculous history, castles, geometry, Medieval Documentary, Tom Pinfold, stories, stonemasons, Channel 4 documentary, Documentaries, medieval castle, Britain, France, Documentary, 13th century, history documentary, Documentary Movies - Topic, build, archaeologists, BBC documentary, medieval, Full Documentary, hand-carved, Peter Ginn, real, Secrets, Staircases, Historian, documentary history, History, TV Shows - Topic, Ruth Goodman, construct

Id: JCI3lxkpO2U

Length: 58min 19sec (3499 seconds)

Published: Thu Jun 04 2020