The History Of Coffee

this video is brought to you by curiosity stream get access to my streaming video service nebula when you sign up for curiosity stream using the link in the description would life be possible without coffee what our modern society cease to function if we could no longer drink our dark piping hot caffeine elixir well the history of coffee is a fascinating one one connected to mystical Muslim Sufis French revolutionaries slaves soldiers constipation and alcohol-soaked toddlers so what is the history of coffee well that's my new our story begins in a dark scary period of human history the pre CAF is een the ancient land of Ethiopia may be the cradle of all humankind but more importantly is the birthplace of coffee here in the mountainous rainforest near kapha coffee has grown wild for millennia we don't exactly know when humans first started consuming coffee but the most popular story involves some very happy goats one afternoon an Ethiopian goat herder named Cal D noticed his goats hopping about excitedly some were even dancing he saw the goats eating leaves and berries from a small shrub Callie now curious decided to eat some himself soon his heart was pounding his mind was racing he was dancing with his goats the magical energetic properties of caffeine had been discovered now this is just a story Cal D probably wasn't the first coffee addict the world's first coffee lovers were probably the Oromo people they've probably been chewing on coffee beans and leaves for thousands of years they would crush it up and mix it with fat to make ancient coffee power bars coffee left across the Red Sea would are almost slaves sometime in the mid 15th century to the port city of MOCA in modern-day Yemen there the Sufi mystics found that the drink could keep them awake during their long nighttime prayers it was in Yemen a coffee made from roasted beans is first documented the most popular species of coffee was born here arabica which now makes up about 60% of the world coffee supply they named the drink Kawa they Arabic word for wine from which the word coffee probably comes from by the end of the 15th century coffee had spread throughout the Islamic world and the cafe was soon born cafes found a niche in Islamic society develop Muslims can't really just head down to the pub so cafes provided the Islamic world with a secular social space outside the home where Muslim men could engage in lively conversation about politics business and religion coffee soon became so important that in Turkey the inability to provide coffee beans was grounds for divorce but some rulers thought people were having a bit too much fun at the cafes now their actual concern was that people were discussing politics and informing themselves which rulers tend not to like coffee would find itself banned in Mecca and Constantinople for a time during the 15 and 1600s but coffee drinking continued in secret until the bans were lifted while Muslims were sitting away in their fancy cafes to the west of them lay a small divided and violent backwater called Europe since coffee and tea hadn't reached Europe yet and the drinking water was sometimes unsafe beer was Europe's favorite beverage a professor of medicine in 1551 stated people subsist more on this drink in the Dewan food on average every man woman and child in England drank over 350 liters of beer per year up to the 17th century while Germans were putting away 400 to 600 liters Europe wobbled about under this depressive and confusing alcoholic haze until Dutch Venetians and Italian merchants began importing coffee in the 17th century and a new stimulating social space opened up oddly enough it was firstly in England that cafe culture captivated Europeans London's first cafe opened in 1652 by 1700 there are over 2,000 cafes in London called any universities because for the price of a cup of coffee you could sit there and listen to the country's most intelligent people chat UC pubs were not the safest places to discuss politics or religion people were drunk or armed usually drunk and armed whereas cafes provided a sober and caffeine enhanced environment for debate and discussion which was exactly why king charles ii tried to ban them in 1675 before quickly being forced to back down english cafes would foster early capitalism some of the world's largest businesses like Lloyds of London the East India Company and the London Stock Exchange all began as cafes now not everyone loved coffee though especially women who were excluded from cafes in 1674 they complained we find of late a very sensible decay of the true old English vigor our gallons being every way so Frenchified we can attribute to nothing more than the excessive use of that newfangled abominable heathenish liquor called coffee which has so unic our husbands and spend their money all for a little base black thick nasty bitter stinking nauseous puddle water we humbly pray that henceforth the drinking coffee may on severe penalties be forbidden and instead thereof lusty nappy beer and cacao be recommended to general use ale by the way is beer with a dead rooster in it the link to their full 6 page complaint is linked below and I highly recommend you go read it for a good laugh by 1777 coffee was so popular and pressure that Friedrich the Great complained my people must drink beer His Majesty was brought up on beer and so were his ancestors in 1781 he banned citizens roasting coffee and created a secret antique coffee police force nicknamed coffee smothers to sniff out illegal coffee dealers but like elsewhere the bans were soon reversed the Viennese soon became Europe's next big coffee lovers their great idea was adding sugar and milk to coffee creating their caputre named after the color of a capuchin monks robe which became known in italian as a cappuccino in 1669 a Turkish ambassador introduced Paris to coffee the French originally didn't like the taste but no matter how much they disliked the stuff they were deeply moved by its unique ability to deeply move them or in the words of paladinous to breaketh wind and openeth any stopping soon French doctors were prescribing coffee enemas now the bells weren't the only thing Coffee was stimulating in France it also tickled the mind soon after the 1689 opening of the stylish cafe Procope a it attracted the likes of ether all who do saw Voltaire and Benjamin Franklin soon thousands of Parisian cafes were fueling the enlightenment on July 12 1789 cami des mula delivered a passionate speech from a cafe table and whipped the crowd up into an anti aristocracy rage two days later they stormed the Bastille igniting the French Revolution over in British North America Washington Hamilton and Jefferson used cafes as the headquarters of the American Revolution the no caffeine addicted Europeans were desperate to find coffee supplies not controlled by the Ottoman Turks in the mid 17th century the Dutch brought coffee from India to grow in Cylon Java Sumatra and across Southeast Asia Dutch colonists would drown Europe in Asian coffee using enslaved natives in 1860 Dutch civil servant Edward there was Dekker quit in disgust and wrote the novel max havelaar which documented the terror taking place on Java and attacked Dutch landowners who grew rich from the poverty of others in 1720 Gabrielle Mathieu the clio brought a coffee plant to the colony of Martinique during a harrowing journey where his ship was attacked by pirates storms and dehydration during the trip he shared his daily ration of half a cup of water with the tiny coffee plant his sacrifice paid off though within fifty years there were 18 million coffee trees on the island the offspring of his plant are now responsible for a huge part of the world coffee supply William Macker wrote about coffee wherever it has been introduced in a spelled revolution it has been the world's most radical drink in that its function has always been to make people think and when the people begin to think they become dangerous to tyrants the irony was that wild coffee was seen as helping to free Europe and the u.s. from tyrants it brought tyranny elsewhere the clue almost sacrificed his life for his tiny coffee plant but he never actually thought of harvesting it himself slaves from Africa would do that by the 1780s six percent of all the coffee consumed in Europe came from the tiny French colony of sand amang harvested by over 500 thousand African slaves so the coffee that nourished Voltaire and the Enlightenment involved the most barbaric farm forced labour jhb the Sam Pierre noted while traveling in the Caribbean in 1773 I do not know if coffee and sugar are essential to the happiness of Europe but I know well that these two products have accounted for the unhappiness of two great regions of the world America has been too populated so as to have land on which to plant them and Africa has been a populated so as to have the people to cultivate them the 1789 French Revolution inspired the slaves in Santo man to rebel and demand their own freedom creating the slave free nation of Haiti in 1804 but when it comes to the quantity of slaves though Brazil takes the awful cake just in the first half of the nineteenth century 1.5 million African slaves were shipped here to work on coffee plantations known as lot of India which made coffee men some of the wealthiest in Brazil this led to Brazil keeping slavery longer than any other nation in the Western Hemisphere it only outlawed in 1888 Brazil conquered the coffee world it produced such an extraordinary amount that helped increase demand by making coffee cheap enough for members of North America and Europe working class Brazil democratized coffee true slavery by the 1920s Brazil was producing 80% of the world's coffee it's been the world's leading coffee producer for over a hundred and fifty years and in 2017 it produced 2.5 million tons that's a third of the global coffee supply coffee made modern Brazil but at an enormous cost Brazil was according to Edward or Galliano ruined by a plant whose destructive form of cultivation left forests raised natural reserves exhausted and general decadence in its wake as Brazil conquered the coffee world Central America followed in its footsteps the history of Guatemala is an example of what happened to the entire region after gaining independence from Spain the government turned to coffee cultivation as a potential source of wealth prime coffee growing lands however occupied by indigenous peoples such as the Maya this land was then confiscated by rich coffee growers then indigenous peoples were forced to work on the new massive coffee plantations they were watched over by an enormous army Jeffrey page wrote in coffee on power Guatemala had so many soldiers that it resembled a penal colony because it was a penal colony based on forced labor this system dominated Central America the only local exception was Costa Rica you see most of Costa Rica's indigenous peoples have been killed off centuries before Spanish settlers and disease so when Costa Ricans began growing coffee in the 1830s they couldn't run those large slave plantations like Brazil and Guatemala now they still enslaved some but there just weren't that many instead small farming families working together did the physical labor by not relying on slave labor Costa Rica was able to develop into a more United and stable nation in 1906 while in Guatemala George Washington an oddly named Belgian mixed refined coffee crystals with water to brew coffee instantly now he wasn't the first to invent instant coffee but he was the first to mass-produce it his invention came just in time for the first world war and its massive demand for instant coffees in 1918 the US Army bought the entire George Washington instant coffee output by the time the war ended the US Army was preparing over 40 million cups of coffee daily so let's head back to Asia for a bit in 1869 an outbreak of leaf rust caused by the fungus Amelia fast ryx it first appeared in British control cylon and wiped out all of their coffee Arabica plants along with India's Chavez Sumatra's and the rest of Southeast Asia's many had the switch to growing tea and turned Britain into a tea-drinking nation this started a panicked search for other species of coffee enter Coe FEA Calliphora better known as robusta native to central africa and discovered just as the fungus ruined Asian crops it turned out to be disease resistant twice as caffeinated as Arabica and grew essentially anywhere in the coffee belt its only disadvantage was that robusta beans well they taste like ours they need to be blended with some Arabica to be drinkable then in 1938 Nestle launched Nescafe a new and improved powdered instant coffee and took over the global instant coffee market the taste of instant coffee was so bad that it didn't really matter if he used cheap robusta beans leading to a Jeep instant coffee industry boom in the post-world War two period today robusta makes up about 40% of global coffee production competing with instant coffees were the Italians in 1884 Angelo moreand Oh invented the first espresso machine which was then improved upon in 1901 by Luigi bezerra this new espresso was made by forcing almost boiling water under high pressure through very fine coffee grounds before this coffee would take up to five minutes to brew espresso cut this down to 30 seconds and produce a much more consistent cup by the 1930s espresso was in cafes all over Europe and the United States the speed of espresso and espresso made drinks made it the ideal beverage to grab before work and during newly invented coffee breaks it became the perfect drug to fuel the rise of capitalism now much of the world orders their coffee in Italian espresso cappuccino latte macchiato sure even the americano a drink invented for American soldiers is ordered in Italian all remnants of Italy's espresso revolution except Frappuccino that's not a word that's nonsense the espresso revolution soon moved into the home and fuelled the creation of dozens of espresso spurting household appliances within the coffee industry up until now all the focus had been on creating the perfect and/or cheapest cup but the beans that produced people's lattes were harvested by near starving peasants so Fairtrade international began in 1997 to try and guarantee a certain fair standard for products such as coffee to be labeled Fairtrade the production chain must follow Fairtrade standards such as workers environmental and the children's rights along with the payment of the Fairtrade minimum price Fairtrade coffee sales have soared since its lunch but it has garnered its fair share of critics it's not a perfect system but it has done much to improve some lives and working conditions caffeine is now the world's most popular drug and coffee is its most popular agent we now brew about 1.4 billion cups of coffee every day from a mystical Muslim drink to colonial commodity to revolutionary beverage and the fuel of capitalism this small African bean has transformed our world coffee is were the many foods that has changed human history if you'd like to know more but her food has transformed our world I'd recommend you check out the history of food over on curiosity stream curiosity stream is the documentary streaming service that gives you access to thousands of documentaries they've documentaries featuring top names like David Attenborough and Stephen Hawking including exclusive originals you'll get unlimited access starting at just $2.99 a month and the first 30 days completely free if you sign up at curiosity stream comm slash cojito and use the promo code cogito during the signup process and by signing up to curiosity stream you will be helping the YouTube educational community because curiosity stream lobes independent creators and wants to help us grow our platform so they're offering cogito viewers free access to nebula when you sign up at curiosity stream calm slash cogito nebula is a streaming video platform I'm helping to build along with other independent creators like Thomas Frank tear Zoo and Mike Boyd along with a bunch of others nebula is a place where creators can upload content without worrying about D monetization and even hosts original content like Tom Scott's new game show money all ad free and earlier than YouTube this video was up on nebula days ago so go to curiosity stream comm stat cogito and you'll get access to thousands of high-quality documentaries and you'll be helping to support educational creators without sitting through ads so head over to curiosity stream comm slash cogito to get access to curiosity stream and nebula today I really hope you enjoyed this video if you like this content please subscribe and if you have any questions leave them below if you're interested in supporting the channel there are links to my patreon and t-shirts are also in the description I'm off to go get a cup of coffee thank you so much for watching

Channel: Cogito

Views: 454,395

Rating: 4.9043627 out of 5

Keywords: coffee, coffee history, coffee history documentary, the history of coffee, the history of coffee documentary, where does coffee come from, where does coffee come from and how is it made, where does coffee beans come from, when did people start drinking coffee, coffee facts, origin of coffee, coffee origins, coffee origins explained, coffee bean origins, black coffee origins, animated history, who invented coffee

Id: RkS93xPV4s4

Length: 18min 13sec (1093 seconds)

Published: Sat Apr 11 2020

Reddit Comments

[u/Nero-28]

I was drinking a cup of coffee when "Breaketh wind and Openeth any stopping" happened. That's definitely going to be my new way of saying I have a boner!

Keep it up mate!

[u/YerbaMateKudasai]

these updates are coming sooner and sooner, nice one.

[u/_Dead_Memes_]

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