The Godfather of AI; General Milley; Rich Paul; 3D Printing | 60 Minutes Full Episodes

he the computer scientist who's known as The Godfather of AI so what does he know that we don't I can't see a path that guarantees safety we're entering a period of great uncertainty where we're dealing with things we've never dealt with before and we can't afford to get it wrong with these things can't afford to get it wrong why well because they might take over the former chairman of the Joint Chiefs Mark Millie famously clashed with President Trump but for the general a more immediate battle is for America to continue funding the war in Ukraine with all of the issues facing Americans at home why is this worth it if Ukraine loses and Putin wins I think you would be certainly increasing if not doubling your defense budget in the years ahead and you will increase the probability of a great power war in the next 10 to 15 years I think it' be a very dangerous situation if food's allowed to win showtime baby Rich Paul's rise to Superstar sports agent it's draft day man anything can happen is one of the most interesting Journeys we have ever followed from Young Hustler shooting dice in Cleveland a slow day was $1,000 to representing NBA royalty and breaking records negotiating their contracts he counts LeBron James as a best friend and oh he dates Adele I'm Leslie stall I'm Bill Whitaker I'm Sharon alony I'm John wory I'm Cecilia Vega I'm Nora odonnell I'm Scott Pell those stories and more tonight on this special 90minut edition of 60 minutes whether you think artificial intelligence will save the world or end it you have Jeff Hinton to thank Hinton has been called The Godfather of AI a British computer scientist whose controversial ideas help make advanced artificial intelligence possible and so change the world Hinton believes that AI will do enormous good but tonight he has a warning he says that AI systems may be more intelligent than we know and there's a chance the machines could take over which made us ask the question does Humanity know what it's doing no um I think we're moving into a period when for the first time ever we may have things more intelligent than us you believe they can understand yes you believe they are intelligent yes you believe these systems have experiences of their own and can make decisions based on those experiences in the same sense as people do yes are they conscious I think they probably don't have much self-awareness at present so in that sense I don't think they're conscious will they have self-awareness consious I oh yes I think they will in time and so human beings will be the second most intelligent beings on the planet yeah Jeffrey Hinton told us the artificial intelligence he set in motion was an accident born of a failure in the 1970s at the University of edenburgh he dreamed of simulating a neural network on a computer simply as a tool for what he was really studying the human brain but back then almost no one thought software could mimic the brain his PhD advisor told him to drop it before it ruined his career Hinton says he failed to figure out the human mind but the long Pursuit led to an artificial version it took much much longer than I expected it took like 50 years before it worked well but in the end it did work well at what point did you realize that you were right about neural networks and most everyone else was wrong I always thought I was right in 2019 Hinton and collaborators Yan laon on the left and yosua Beno won the touring award the Nobel Prize of computing to understand how their work on artificial neural networks helped machines learn to learn let us take you to a game look at that oh my goodness this is Google's AI lab in London which we first showed you this past April Jeffrey Hinton wasn't involved in this soccer project but these robots are a great example of machine learning the thing to understand is that the robots were not programmed to play soccer they were told to score they had to learn how on their own oh go in general here's how AI does it Henton and his collaborators created software in layers with each layer handling part of the problem that's the so-called neural network but this is the key when for example the robot scores a message is sent back down through all of the layers that says that pathway was right likewise when an answer is wrong that message goes down through the network so correct connections get stronger wrong connections get weaker and by trial and error the machine teaches itself you think these AI systems are better at learning than the human mind I think they may be yes and a present they're quite a lot smaller so even the biggest chatbots only have about a trillion Connections in them the human brain has about a 100 trillion and yet in the trillion Connections in a chatbot it knows far more than you do in your 100 trillion connections which suggests it's got a much better way of getting knowledge into those connection a much better way of getting knowledge that isn't fully understood we have a very good idea of sort of roughly what it's doing but as soon as it gets really complicated we don't actually know what's going on anymore than we know what's going on in your brain what do you mean we don't know exactly how it works it was designed by people no it wasn't what we did was we designed the learning algorithm that's a bit like designing the principle of evolution but when this learning algorithm then interacts with data it produces complicated neural networks that are good at doing things but we don't really understand exactly how they do those things what are the implications of these systems autonomously writing their own computer code and executing their own computer code that's a serious worry right so one of the ways in which these systems might Escape control is by writing their own computer code to modify themselves and that's something we need to seriously worry about what do you say to someone who might argue if the systems become benevolent just turn them off they will be able to manipulate people right and these will be very good at convincing people because they'll have learned from all the novels that were ever written all the books by makavelli all the political connives they'll know all that stuff they'll know how to do it know how of the humankind runs in Jeffrey hinton's family his ancestors include mathematician George buol who invented the basis of computing and George Everest who surveyed India and got that mountain named after him but as a boy Hinton himself could never climb the peak of expectations raised by a domineering father every morning when I went to school he'd actually say to me as I walk down the driveway get in there pitching and maybe when you're twice as old as me you'll be half as good dad was an authority on Beatles he knew a lot more about beatles than he knew about people did you feel that as a child a bit yes when he died we went to his study at the University and the walls were lined with boxes of papers on different kinds of beetle and just near the door there was a slightly smaller box that simply said not insects and that's where he had all the things about the family today at 75 Hinton recently retired after what he calls 10 happy years at Google now he's professor ameritus at the University of Toronto and he happened to mention he has more academic citations than his father some of his research led to chatbots like Google's Bard which we met last spring confounding absolutely confounding we asked Bard to write a story from six words for sale baby shoes never worn holy cow the shoes were a gift from my wife but we never had a baby Bard created a deeply human tale of a man whose wife could not conceive and a stranger who accepted the shoes to heal the pain after her miscarriage I am rarely speechless I don't know what to make of this chatbots are said to be language models that just predict the next most likely word based on probability you'll hear people saying things like they're just doing autocomplete they're just trying to predict the next word and they're just using statistics well it's true they're just trying to predict the next word but if you think about it to predict the next word you have to understand the sentences so the idea they're just predicting the next words so they're not intelligent is crazy you have to be really intelligent to predict the next word really accurately to prove it Hinton showed us a test he devised for chat gp4 the chatbot from a company called open AI it was sort of reassuring to see a turing Award winner mistype and blame the computer oh damn this thing we're going to go back and start again that's okay hinton's test was a riddle about house painting an answer would demand reasoning and planning this is what he typed into chat gp4 the rooms in my house are painted white or blue or yellow and yellow paint Fades to White within a year in 2 years time I'd like all the rooms to be white what should I do the answer began in 1 second gp4 advised the rooms painted in in blue need to be repainted the rooms painted in yellow don't need to be repainted because they would Fade to White before the deadline and oh I didn't even think of that it warned if you paint the yellow rooms white there's a risk the color might be off when the yellow Fades besides it advised you'd be wasting resources painting rooms that were going to Fade to White anyway you you believe that chat GPD 4 understands I believe it definitely understands yes and in 5 years time I think in 5 years time it may well be able to reason better than us reasoning that he says is leading to ai's Great risks and great benefits so an obvious area where there's huge benefits is Healthcare AI is already comparable with Radiologists at understanding what's going on in medical images it's going to be very good at designing drugs it already is designing drugs so that's an area where it's almost entirely going to do good I like that area the risks are what well the risks are having a whole class of people who are unemployed and not valued much because what they what they used to do is now done by machines other immediate risks he worries about include fake news unintended bias in employment and policing and autonomous Battlefield robots what is a path forward that ensures safety I don't know I I can't see a path that guarantees safety that we're entering a period of great uncertainty where we're dealing with things we've never dealt with before and normally the first time you deal with something totally novel you get it wrong and we can't afford to get it wrong with these things can't afford to get it wrong why well because they might take over take over from Humanity yes that's a possibility why would they I'm not saying it will happen if we could stop them ever wanting to that would be great but it's not clear we can stop them ever wanting to Jeffrey Hinton told us he has no regrets because of ai's potential for good but he says now is the moment to run exper experiments to understand AI for governments to impose regulations and for a world treaty to ban the use of military robots he reminded us of Robert Oppenheimer who after inventing the atomic bomb campaigned against the hydrogen bomb a man who changed the world and found the world Beyond his control it maybe we look back and see this as a kind of Turning Point when Humanity had to make the decision about whether to develop these things further and what to do to protect themselves if they did um I don't know I think my main message is there's enormous uncertainty about what's going to happen next these things do understand and because they understand we need to think hard about what's going to happen next and we just don't know General Mark Millie completed a four-year term as chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff the nation's highest ranking military officer on September 30th he told us he spent most of his time working to avoid a direct conflict with Russia and China while the country watched him have a very public falling out with former president Trump the man who picked him for the job General Millie's times serving President Joe Biden had its own challenges including America's calamitous withdrawal from Afghanistan as well as providing Ukraine with billions of dollars worth of American military equipment a few hours before we sat down with the general at the Pentagon he'd had his final phone call with the commander of Ukraine's armed forces the counter offensive that the ukrainians are running is still ongoing um the progress has uh many many people have noted is slow but it is steady and they are making progress on a day-to-day basis but expelling 200,000 Russian soldiers No Easy Task very hard very hard how long is this going to look like this a year 5 years well you can't put a Time on it but it'll be a considerable length of time and it's going to be long and hard and very bloody Russia occupies 41,000 square miles of Ukraine the front line extends about the distance from Atlanta to Washington DC in Congress this past week Republicans ended Kevin McCarthy's speakership and for now more Aid to Ukraine according to the White House of the $13 billion already committed there's only enough left to last a few more months with all of the issues facing Americans at home why is this worth it if Ukraine loses and Putin wins I think you would be certainly increasing if not doubling your defense budget in the years ahead and you will increase the probability of a great power war in the next 10 to 15 years I think it'd be a very dangerous situation if if Putin's allowed to win Ukraine Russia obviously is what drives us uh meeting today the chairman of the Joint Chiefs is the commander-in-chief's principal military adviser but commands no troops in battle I am obligated regardless of consequences to give my advice to the president but no president is obligated to follow that advice this past August General Millie invited us aboard the USS Constitution in Boston Harbor not far from where he grew up we're the only uh military in the world that swears an oath not to a king a queen a tyrant a wouldbe tyrant or a dictator swear an oath to an idea the idea that is American it's and it's embodied in that document the Constitution which sets up our form of government in 2021 General Millie had counseled President Biden to keep 2,500 troops in and around Cabell instead Mr Biden ordered a complete withdrawal to end America's longest war after 20 years the disaster that followed will be part of both of their legacies I go through the entire withdrawal from uh Afghanistan uh chapter and verse all the time that was a a strategic failure for the United States uh the enemy occupied the capital city of the country that you were suppored so to me uh that hurts it hurts a big way but no matter what pain I feel or anyone else feels nothing comes even close to the pain of those that were killed to those who served in Afghanistan for two decades and lost family members and friends and wonder was it worth it that's always the question right so 2004 161 killed in action by the enemy in Afghanistan over 20 years was it worth it look at I can't answer that for other people this is a tough business that we're in this military business it's unforgiving The Crucible of combat's unforgiving uh people die they lose their arms they lose their legs it's an incredibly difficult uh life but is it worth it look around you uh look ask yourself the question uh for me I've answered it many times over and that's why I stay in uniform and that's why I maintain my oath his commitment to that oath would be both tested and questioned by Donald Trump while their relationship began with kind words Marly is a great gentleman he's a great Patriot he's a great Soldier after the January 6th Insurrection the two men would not speak again we want their public estrangement started in the spring of 2020 when protests for racial Justice some violent spread across the country including to Washington DC perhaps more than any other chairman in the role you have become ins snarled in politics and arguably threats to the Constitution what have you learn from that I think it's important to to keep your North Star which is the Constitution we the military are not only apolitical we are nonpartisan you can't pick sides June 1st 2020 was that a turning point for you as chairman I think it was yeah I realized that I stepped into a political mindfield and I shouldn't have he's talking about the day when President Trump threatened to invoke the Insurrection act and deploy the US Army to put down the unrest on America's streets on the evening of June 1st after demonstrators near the White House were removed by force chairman Millie dressed in battle fatigues joined president Trump and members of his cabinet in a march across Lafayette Square to St John's Church where Mr Trump posed for photographs 10 days later General Millie apologized in a speech to graduates of the National Defense University my presence in that moment and in that environment created a perception of the military involved in domestic Politics as a commissioned uniformed officer it was a mistake that I have learned from it's rare for a chairman to apologize publicly well you know I grew up here in Boston I'm Irish Catholic and my mother and father taught me that when you make a mistake you admit it you go to confession you say 10 H Mary's and Al father everybody makes mistakes and and the key is how you deal with a mistake after you apologized former president Trump said you choked like a dog yeah I'm not going to comment on anything the former president has said or not said General Millie did tell us he was so disillusioned with the former president's actions he nearly resigned instead according to Former Defense secretary Mark esper he and the general made a pact to protect the military from becoming politicized or misused it's also been reported that you spent several days several drafts of resignation letters right I was very struck by the one that was published in which you said to the president it is my deeply held belief that you are ruining the international order causing significant damage to our country overseas that was fought so hard by the greatest Generation in 1945 that generation has fought against fascism has fought against Nazism has fought against extremism it's it's now obvious to me that you don't understand that World Order you don't think Donald Trump understood what World War II was fought over I don't know what uh president former president Trump uh understood about World War II or or or or anything else uh I I can tell you that from 1914 to 1945 150 million people or thereabouts were slaughtered in the conduct of great power war and in 1945 the United States took the initiative and drafted up a set of rules that govern the world to this day those rules are under stress internationally President Putin is a direct frontal assault on those rules uh China is trying to revise those rules to their own benefit but that's one thing to say that China is threatening that World Order and Russia is threatening that world order to say that the commanderin-chief Donald Trump was ruining the international order and causing significant damage what did you see that caused you to write that that I I would say that it's got to be more than walking into Lafayette Square in uniform there was a wide variety of initiatives that were ongoing one of them of course was with drawing troops out of NATO those were initiatives that placed at risk um you know I think the America's roll in the world now that is uh the opposite of uh what my parents and and uh 18 million others wore the uniform for World War II to defeat General Millie doesn't just Revere the greatest Generation he was raised by it his father was a Navy medic who served in the Pacific Campaign including at the Battle of iima his mother joined the naval Reserve to work as a nurse well this was and Still Remains a very patriotic neighborhood after the war they settled in Winchester a small town north of Boston almost every single uh male and female parent that was here they're all World War II veterans of one kind or another the whole block really a lot of people everybody yeah 100% and interesting no officers uh these were all 100% enlisted and they had their own opinions of officers too including your parents oh yeah yeah during high school he was recruited to play ice hockey at Princeton University and decided to join The Reserve officer training Corps or Roc after graduating in 1980 he went on to become a paratrooper and serve in Special Forces he did one combat tour in Iraq and three in Afghanistan raise your right hand this past may he returned to Princeton to commission the graduating Roc class congratulations to every one of you and took a particular interest all right Cadets in a few of the young officers whose language skills are currently in high demand I speak Chinese sir Chinese is really really important to us does anybody else speak Chinese whoa one two three four five if you speak Chinese if you don't mind I'd like to get your names uh and we'll see where life takes you guys we the United States need to take the challenge the military challenge of China extraordinarily seriously how concerned are you that military to military Communications are not happening right now with China yeah I think we need to get that established uh we had them for a period of time and then they've dropped off so channels of communication are important in order to deescalate in time of Crisis general Millie says he held a total of five calls with his Chinese military counterparts during the Trump and Biden admin ministrations but it was his last two calls during the final months of the Trump presidency that got the attention of the press Congress and the former president himself why did you think it was so important to call your Chinese military counterpart in the aftermath of the January 6th attacks that's an example of deescalation so there was clear indications uh that the Chinese were very concerned about what they were observing here in the United States you see some movement of Chinese military I won't go over anything classified um so I won't discuss exactly what we saw or didn't see or what we heard or didn't hear I will just say that uh there was clear indications that the Chinese are very concerned president Trump recently said that your dealings with China were so egregious that in Times Gone by the punishment would have been death that's right he said that but for the record was there anything inappropriate or treasonous about the calls you made to China not zero none and not only that they were authorized they're coordinated Congress knows that we've answered these questions several different times in writing were you giving the Chinese information about thinking of the president of the United States the specific conversation was I think in accordance with the intent of the Secretary of Defense which was to make sure the Chinese knew that we were not going to attack them why did the Chinese think that the US under then president Trump was going to attack them the Chinese were concerned about uh what what is commonly referred to in in the English language like an October surprise Wag the Dog sort of thing uh they were wrong they were not reading us right look at the president Trump was not going to attack China uh and they needed to know that China Russia and the war in Ukraine are now the problem of his successor Air Force General Charles Q Brown Jr there are also areas of concern closer to home last year the Army missed its recruiting numbers by 15,000 Soldiers the worst short fall in decades confidence in the US military is at its lowest in two decades do you bear any personal responsibility for that absolutely I think I think as the leader of the military the uniform military I think that I am part of that for sure I think the walk from the White House to the St John's Church I think that uh helped create some of that I think the withdrawal from Afghanistan uh helped create some of that but I would also say the United States military is still one of the most respected institutions in the United States by a lung shot uh by huge margin you know I I think we've uh taken a slip back a little bit and I think we need to improve on that General Mark Millie on the future of warfare does it make war more likely it could at 60 Minutes overtime.com Rich Paul has become one of the Premier agents in Prof professional sports he counts LeBron James as a close friend and client the agency he founded clutch Sports Group made deals worth almost $900 million this past summer for his NBA clients alone Paul honed his deal making instincts as a kid navigating what he called the Hostile streets of his Cleveland neighborhood today at 42 he's rewriting the playbook for representing pro athletes Rich Paul told us he was lucky and when you hear his story we think you'll understand why so did you used to come to games when you were younger I went one time when I had to um sit all the way up at the top you really couldn't couldn't see the person and now now it's now you're sitting on the floor we joined Rich Paul courtside at a Cleveland Cavaliers game last season he seemed to know everyone what up do what good and it seemed everyone wanted to know him thank you so much you're my ID bro thank you brother I appreciate it last year Paul got Cleveland star Darius Garland a $200 million deal the richest in franchise history Garland is one of nearly 200 athletes on Paul's roster who are some of the big names that we would all recognize which sport you want I mean we just had jayen herzon and Devonte Smith playing the Super Bowl for the Philadelphia Eagles and then you you got the Anthony Davis's and Draymond greens and obviously LeBron do you know the total value of the contracts you've negotiated I would say it's close to 3 billion I think it's more than 4 billion but it's hard to keep track when you're always on the go showtime baby before the NBA draft in New York City we watched him work the phone you know it's draft day man anything can happen work the room hey coach how you doing man you all right and work the angles to move clients like Duke Center Derek Lively II up the draft board you ready sir in college Lively was known for his defense but Paul had him work on his three-point shot and before the draft invited teams to see Lively shot up to the 12th pick about 10 spots higher than first projected it might not look like it but Rich Paul is a towering figure in the NB ba I've always been the smallest guy in the room willing to take the biggest swing some of his biggest swings have been for his biggest client LeBron James Paul negotiated his jumps from Miami to Cleveland to La deals that netted James $400 million and set him up to win two of his four championships he told us he works to give players leverage some people say that you're destroying the player loyalty to the teams and the fans player loyalty to what if I can be traded in the middle of the night to another team what I should be is educating myself to where if this isn't going the way I thought it was supposed to go I can switch up right we're not have options I have op what's the sist of having money with no options that's apparently how superar star Anthony Davis felt in 2018 the New Orleans Center had a $127 million contract but was tired of losing so he fired his agent and hired Rich Paul Paul flouted NBA rules by publicly demanding a trade earning the wrath of fans and a $50,000 fine for Davis the drama landed Paul on the cover of Sports Illustrated which called him the most polarizing figure in the NBA a when it was someone that didn't look like me it was genius it was why you get a power agent but when it's me I'm destroying the league I mean those things are absurd he got Davis what he wanted a championship ring and a deal now worth $270 million there's a saying that goes if you Ain got no haters you ain't popping so you must be popping I think I'm popping a little bit you know he was popping a lot at his annual allstar game party this past winter in Salt Lake City is that we dropped in and saw giants of the court mingling with rappers team owners and Titans of Industry over cocktails and canipes Rich Paul had a full plate of business options one from the president of Gatorade I want to be a first call done while we were chatting with him Golden State Warrior Draymond Green cut in the four-time NBA champion cycled through two other agents before signing up with Rich Paul who landed him a $100 million contract over the summer so then you end up a young black man who's made more money than you can ever imagine but you don't know how to live with it you don't know what to do with it and what does he do most agents treat athletes as if the athlete work for them but there there's a multi-billion Dollar business going on around most athletes that they don't understand but they don't have a rich B to teach and that's what's special about Paul's improbable Journey the subject of his new Memoir out this week started on the east side of Cleveland in the early 1980s just as crack cocaine hit the streets when he was about four he learned his mother manura was hooked on crack his father Big Rich recognized his son's intelligence and kept him close though they lived apart he owned the neighborhood convenience store through dad's store was just right in here yeah and this was this was my world this now empty Corner was a hot bed of activity legal and illegal it was a shootout right here on this corner Big Rich taught his son to always think two steps ahead he scraped together the money to send him to a Catholic High School away from the neighborhood still there was no avoiding the streets you don't know what you're in that's your Norm that's my Norm sardines out the can that was today's version of tuna tartar on the Waldorf rooftop this was my education though this was this was my Harvard my Michigan my morehous and the same things I learned on this corner I take it to the boardroom because the one thing this teaches you that I don't think you can learn from those institutions is people characters and on these streets is no better way to learn character because they're coming with everything his dad taught him another skill a way to make money if all else fails with a pair of dice Paul and his best friend Edward given were regulars at an open air Casino in the park 50 people crowded around this little area and the energy was high it was it was an arena and Rich Paul was a natural and how much would you earn I mean a slow day was $11,000 and a not slow day H you no four or five4 or 5,000 easy when you were 14 15 16 oh yeah what did you learn from this experience you gain a resilience here we won majority of the time but you also had to learn how to lose he suffered his biggest loss when he was 19 his father died from cancer and Paul went all in on the streets selling marijuana and crack cocaine this is the very drug that your mother was hooked on the absence of my dad allowed me to to take that step because I would have never done that had he been around I had too much respect for him if and it's not something that I would sit here and and glorify it almost sounds like you were a full-time Hustler oh yeah but Jeff Bezos is a hustler you think he's not Phil Knight was the ultimate Hustler the difference is they could go with their plan and their business idea and get someone to believe in them it didn't matter what idea I had there's no Pathway to get there he found one through a stroke of luck at the akan Canton Airport in 2001 Paul was wearing a throwback jersey like this one that caught the eye of another traveler High School hoop sensation LeBron James what did you see in him it began with him you know wearing a throwback jersey that I you know loved but as we got to talk about sports we started evolving and even talking more and more just about life and about our upbringing about our our moms and and and our communities and stuff of that nature and it um just kind of struck it just struck a core when James entered the NBA he hired Rich Paul as a right-hand man Paul went on to work for LeBron's agent and watched listened and learned I understand that you would go into meetings with the likes of Warren Buffett being in those rooms is much better to to listen than to talk if you listen you might actually learn something and you start to kind of you know work your way on your own after Just 4 years he struck out on his own and launched clutch Sports Group in 2012 LeBron James went with him when you first started this you were underestimated Not only was I underestimated I was also not wanted I didn't look like the success in our industry especially from a place of decision making and I wanted to disrupt the industry I wanted to be impactful but I wanted to come from a place of purpose in 2013 with his first negotiation as agent for Phoenix Sons guard Eric bledo he proved the naysayers wrong he said the Suns had offered $28 million and then $48 million and you turned it down yeah but what was on the line my career everyone was calling and saying he's crazy he don't know what he's doing he's inexperienced it sounds like you are really comfortable rolling the dice I was born a dice roller his gamble paid off after hanging tough for a year clutch got bledo a $70 million deal 42 million more than the son's first offer great room today clutch has 70 employees with offices in Los Angeles New York and Atlanta and they both open the same draft class Paul teamed up with Powerhouse agency UTA to expand clutch's reach I had to build a multi hundred million doll company to get people to believe in me and there's still doubt critics say he's only successful because of his relationship with you I mean it's disappointing to hear that would you gave him an opportunity yeah and I don't give people opportunities much um and he took well Way Beyond um than what he even imagined Rich Paul now has a new balance signature shoe a first for an agent his partner is more famous than he is he's been in a relationship with Adele for 2 and a half years Adele she gave him a shout out at the Grammys oh God Rich he he said don't cry if you win anything tonight don't cry and here I am crying a couple of weeks later at his All-Star Game Party Paul's friends recognized his achievement from us this from us with a $140,000 watch wow wow wow do you have to pinch yourself sometimes all the time I had it worse than a lot of people but I evolved I matured I transitioned how's that feel feels great it feels earned you know it wasn't given for sure it was earned which is good I like that the last minute of 60 Minutes is sponsored by United Healthcare there for what matters tonight's last minute isn't really tonight's last minute because tonight's 60 minutes isn't really 60 Minutes stick around for an extra half hour for lesie stalls look at how 3D Printing and a company called icon is revolutionizing how we build both here on Earth and eventually beyond what you're watching is the building actually the printing of a four-bedroom home on this construction site there's no hammering or sawing just a nozzle squirting out concrete and by the end of the decade an icon printer is supposed to fly to the moon to test print part of a landing pad I'm Bill Whitaker we'll be back with this Expanded Edition of 60 minutes after this there was a time when futurists were predicting that the Advent of 3D printing was going to change our lives that each of our houses would have a 3D printer to make whatever items we need what virtually no no one predicted though was that there might soon be 3D printers that could construct almost the entire house but that's just what a six-year-old Austin Texas company called icon is doing 3D printing buildings and if you believe icon's mission-driven young founder 3D printing could revolutionize how we build help create affordable housing even allow us to wait for it colonize the Moon sound out of this world take a look what you're watching is the building actually the printing of a four-bedroom home on this construction site there is no hammering or sawing just a nozzle squirting out concrete kind of like an oversized soft serve ice cream dispenser laying down the walls of a house one layer at a time it's the brainchild of a 41-year-old Texan who's rarely without his cowboy hat Jason Ballard 3D printing a house yes ma'am people are going to hear that and say no we're sitting inside one right now this house was printed yes ma'am there you are look at this welcome and so was this one does a concrete home printed by a robot have to look cold and Industrial maybe not I like the curved wall Ballard gave us a Peak at the first completed model home and what will soon be the world's first large community of 3D printed houses a hundred of them part of a huge new development north of Austin they'll start in the high $400,000 range how exactly does 3D printing a house Work Well it starts with this 1 and 1/2 ton sack of dry concrete powder which gets it's mixed with water sand and additives and is then pumped to the robotic printer now you are looking at how we control the beat size Connor Jenkins icon's manager of construction here explained that the printer completes one layer called a bead every 30 minutes by which time it's hardened enough to be ready for the next bead steel is added every 10th layer for strength the amount of change you're making is Tiny it takes about 2 weeks to print the full 160 beat house Jenkins gave me the controls an iPad so look lesle that's a little skinny will you press the plus one real quick aren't you you just increased the bead size incrementally I'd be worried if I were you but turns out the path is entirely pre-programmed I couldn't mess it up if I tried don't tell the people I think that's the most gorgeous beat I've ever seen I think this will be the highest selling house for now as Jason Ballard showed us icon is only 3D printing walls with cutouts for plumbing and electricity roofs windows and insulation are added the oldfashioned way by construction workers he calls it a paradigm shift it really is like a r Brothers moment for airplanes in how we construct our housing but why do we need a big shift like that cuz right now it is too expensive it falls over in a hurricane it burns burns up in fire it gets eaten by termites the way you try to make it affordable is you trim quality on materials you trim quality on labor the result is these cookie cutter developments and like yeah this is not the world like we are not succeeding it's something we have to get right on top of that it's an ecological disaster and I would certainly say it is existentially urgent that we shelter ourselves without ruining the planet we have to live on fire resistant flood resistant wind Ballard showed us a sample of a 3D printed wall beside a conventionally built one you say it's faster more efficient yes why do you say that what you've got let's count the materials siding one moisture barrier two sheathing three uh stud four drywall five and then float tape and texture you can count that either as one or three but you've got at least half a dozen novel steps that have to take place to deliver an American stick frame wall system by comparison we need a single material supply chain delivered by a robot let's talk about waste yes ma'am over here at the end of constructing a home with these materials there are truckloads and truckloads of waste left over these studs are going to have off cuts that go into a waist pile same with siding same with dyall all whereas with 3D printing he says you only print what you need so in short like if an alien came down to planet Earth and saw these two ways of building and said from first principles which is better the alien would go Stronger Faster termite resistant fire resistant like by a mile this is the best way to build though old school construction workers May disagree if Ballard sounds a little like a revved up salesman or a preacher there's a reason for that he grew up in East Texas a studious outdoorsy spiritual kid first in his family to graduate from college you were thinking about becoming an Episcopal priest yeah I was almost an Episcopal priest but along the way I sort of just like getting this like itch about housing not being right so I studied conservation biology I got involved in Sustainable Building and I worked at the local homeless shelter and so now I'm thinking about homelessness and I'm working in Sustainable Building along the way my hometown gets destroyed by a hurricane and I have to go help my family pull dryw out of their house I feel like uh life is just putting housing in front of me right as I've been like approved to go to Seminary and so I go to my Bishop the bishop of Texas Andy Doyle he's still the bishop of Texas and uh I said what do I do and at the end he said Jason I want you to pursue this housing thing like this is your priesthood this is your vocation and if it doesn't work out the church has been here for a long time we'll still be here but that must have turned the switch for you it did it made it more than a hobby or a business rather it sort of became a mission he began pursuing that mission with Evan Lumis a buddy from Texas A&M who had gone into Finance as we looked at it like nobody had Incorporated kind of the whole Trinity of innovation to housing which was robotics Advanced Materials and software so in a borrowed Warehouse on nights and weekends and having read everything they could find about the mechanics of 3D printing they tried to design a 3D printer that could make a building how big was it it was 10t by 10t by 10t so it would have it would have printed if we had ever got into work which we did not uh it would have printed like a 100q foot like demonstration building they didn't get it to work but enter Alex Laro a recent bayor Engineering Graduate who was tinkering with a similar idea did you ever actually build anything yeah I did what was it they printed shed the shed doesn't sound too cool but it was a big milestone it's a real structure the three co-founded icon in 2017 and soon got funding to print a small house to unveil at Austin's South by Southwest Festival the following spring they built a new larger printer that worked and we got really excited okay Jason where are we right now we are printing the world's uh first permitted 3D printed house but the Kinks hadn't quite been worked out so at one point we ran the printer into the print to explain that it's supposed to go up and it went down and then drove into the house like pushed a bunch of layers off funny now but not so much at the time some engineers folks who were like helping us sat us down and said guys it's been a great effort but you're not going to get there so like why don't you guys get some rest and we were basically like get out of here like true anyone who wants to to finish this home may stay everyone else needs to leave and the three of you all agreed on that yeah we knew that we were on to something and like we this was like our shot and we weren't going to miss it Alex they worked around the clock and made the festival deadline by just hours hey Bard any words for the victory lot never never never never give up I stand by those words yeah sure never give up he showed us the 350 square foot finished house it's a small little house but it's kind of elegant well I'll be that's not so bad I mean I think that's kind of how people felt about it like better than they expected and it was easy to believe well they'll get better that small little house won icon a lot of attention an innovation award investors meetings with the military and with another Austin innovator Alan Graham who created a village called Community First that provides small homes to several hundred of the formally homeless our goal was really the most despised Outcast lost and forgotten of our community wow average time on the streets is 9 years average age of death is 59 it's an absolute Miracle out there and so when uh we were ready to start building homes uh one of the first organizations we reached out to was Alan Graham so icon 3D printed a welcome center and then six small houses for Village residents that's how 73-year-old Tim Shay who battled heroin addiction for decades in 2020 became the first person in this country to live in a 3D printed home before I saw these houses in my mind I thought it must be cold you're shaking because you don't think that no it's just the opposite you feel embraced or you know enveloped people that live that are in the economic Strat of the men and women that we serve are going to be the last people on the planet that are going to benefit out of new technology and he wanted to make sure that they were the first the first person in North America to live in a 3D printed house was homeless yeah I know isn't that so the years since have seen tremendous growth for Icon a new Factory to build more printers and improve the quality of its concrete and a facility called printland to experiment with new designs icon has printed small homes in rural Mexico vehicle hide structures for the Marine Corps huge Barracks for the Army and Air Force and a deluxe showcase home featuring wavy walls and curves that would be prohibitively expensive if built traditionally but not when programmed into a 3D printer so in your minds is your customer a homeless person or is your customer me there's a trick here because what our heart wants to do is to serve the very poor and it's often been like confusing for people to understand like I thought you guys were helping homelessness why are you building that fancy house yeah I would resign if I was only allowed to build luxury homes and we would go bankrupt right now if all we built was 3% margin homes for homeless people but once this technology arrives in its full force um I think it fundamentally transforms the way we build and not just on the earth 3D printing on the moon when we come back it has been a staple of Science Fiction forever humans living and working on the moon but for NASA that dream is almost within reach their new emis program plans to return American astronauts to the moon for the first time in more than 50 years this time not just to visit but eventually to stay and even use the moon as a base for exploring Mars and Beyond but staying on the moon requires infrastructure landing pads roads housing and you can't exactly bring 2x4s and sheetrock on a spacecraft that's where 3D printing comes in NASA is partnering with Jason Ballard's company icon to Pioneer 3D printing on the moon 3 2 1 and lift off of aremis 1 last fall NASA launched the first in a series of Artemis missions the next with crew on board is scheduled for next fall and by the end of the decade an icon printer is supposed to fly to the moon to test print part of a landing pad Jason Ballard who once applied to be an astronaut but was rejected can't wait if the schedule holds or even approximately holds the first object ever built on another world will be built with icon Hardware he wants icon to be the first company to make something on another world so do we at Marshall space flight center in Huntsville Alabama NASA scientists Jennifer Edmonson and corki Clinton run a program called impact spelled mm p a c Moon tomorrow's planetary autonomous Construction Technologies well you people at Nasa you come up with these very very long names that's why we call it impact the key word there is autonomous we want to be able to make structures that we need without having to be tended by astronauts if you're going to have a truly sustainable presence on the lunar surface you have to be as Earth independent as possible NASA was interested in 3D printing having looked at an early version almost 20 years ago so when they heard about the progress icon had made with their first houses in Austin Cory Clinton traveled there to take a look being an engineer I spent a lot of my time going around and looking at the size of the beads and how they went around the corners and I'll tell you I was really impressed with what they had accomplished impressed enough that NASA gave icon development money in 2020 and then last fall all a $57 million contract welcome to space lab lesie this is where we figure out how to build on other worlds Ballard and Evan Jensen who leads the project explain the fundamental challenge to bring an object roughly this size from Earth to the Moon surface would be $1 million and think of how many sort of brick-sized things we would need to do Launchpad Landing Pad roads habitats so we have to learn to live off the land you have to learn to build it there and use from but that's no easy feet it means using what's called lunar regolith which covers the moon's surface rather than concrete and water as a building material regali is made up of rock that has been pummeled over billions of years from asteroids comets and things is it like sand it's actually finer than sand icon has a big tub full of simulated Moon regolith and they have invented and built a robotic system to 3D print with it you're going to build all those roads and buildings out of this that's correct to the robots will this is actually the mission that we are scheduled to fly as he pointed out in this rendering our robotic arm with our laser system they've created a whole new way to 3D print with lasers instead of a nozzle squirting out soft concrete a high-intensity laser beam will melt the powdery regolith to transform it into a hard strong Building Material they're running experiments Now using the laser to create a small sample once that red light is on we're hot oh lots of power here we go here we go we watched on monitors as the arm got into position there's the laser oh that white thing's the laser so it's melting right now it's going up to say 1500° C it's going to complete its second pass you can see it emerging there see the dark object on the screen that's the object we just made with the laser they can add more regolith and Laser again and again to build in layers to go as high as they want which will be done remotely from Earth it takes hours to cool so they showed me a sample they'd made days earlier this is pretty darn hard that's our Ling pad you're holding it yeah I'm holding The Landing Pad that's exactly right it's pretty cool that's a scientific term icon sends them to NASA where they're blasted with this special plasma torch the torch will be about 4,000 de to see if they can take the heat a landing pad would have to withstand oh there it is the torch is so bright you have to watch on a monitor that was it a few minutes later out it came oh it's just a little bit warm it looks good to me I don't see any loss of material I don't see any cratering it survived the test pass the test with flying colors the next test will be operating the entire robotic arm and Laser we'll put in a large scale simulant Bed inside now giant thermal vacuum chamber which mimics the moon's extreme cold heat and vacuum conditions this is sort of like a Ballard's idea is to eventually send mobile 3D printers to the moon so this moves the printer around with a longer robotic arm sticking out of the top to print whatever is needed and then they would build a road and then they would build those habitats right it's and it wouldn't stop there if we can do it on the moon we can do it on Mars the Moon is actually harder it's harder Mars is uh almost in every way easier except for it so far away easier they agree because for one thing Mars doesn't have extreme temperature swings still in my mind it's science fiction but in your minds it's absolutely in the palm of your hand it's going to happen we can see the steps in the technology to get us there now that's thrilling it's exciting quality can't go backwards in Block four icon says trying to 3D print on the moon and Mars is helping with their work here on Earth they are formulating new mixes to reduce the carbon footprint of their concrete we think we'll be there by end of year and they're trying out more radical architecture quite complex shapes and geometri almost looks like ripples on the surface of water see patterned walls it's very subtle oh look at this yeah it almost looks impossible and next year as in these renderings they'll be printing round hotel rooms in Marfa Texas and futuristic looking designer homes you see a bedroom on that end with a shower and a bedroom here and here's some renderings of the Interior wow right it gets you going doesn't it we're living at a time right now where a lot of CEOs have been caught over promising hyping um thinking of Theos you're Absol absolutely right and it and it it's it's it's a tougher thing than you know because part of the job is to get your investors get your team and in our case the world um to believe the things you are saying except the things you are saying don't exist yet uh you need you need to get them to believe so it's hard to know like even in this interview I actually haven't yet told you all the things I believe were going to do because I'm like measuring myself give us one example something Wild I mean in the future I think most buildings will be designed by AI most projects will be run by software and almost everything will be built by robots and I don't think that's that far away I am my age find that very depressing but I'm sure young people that world housing will be more abundant more affordable more beautiful it will make this version of housing look depressing by example you know that expression if it seems too good to be true it is or I do know that expression uh but cars and airplanes and moonlanding seem too good to be true for a moment as well and so like maybe the only proof I can give you is like I'm betting my life on it like I have this one precious Life to Live and I'm using it to do this and if I could think of a better way I'd be doing that instead or I'd go fishing like this is so hard and you like fishing and I love fishing I'm Scott pelly we'll be back next week with another edition of 60 Minutes showtime baby more with super sports agent Rich Paul Live tomorrow on CBS mornings

Channel: 60 Minutes

Views: 923,615

Keywords: 60 Minutes, CBS News, AI, artificial intelligence, Mark Milley, Rich Paul, 3D printing, technology

Id: Rl9nHNeketE

Length: 65min 15sec (3915 seconds)

Published: Wed Oct 11 2023