The Exodus Pharaoh EXPLAINED!

hi everyone I just got back from a long trip to Egypt and I was going to the sites that have to do with the biblical event of The Exodus archeology is the study of the ancient people from what they've left behind and one thing that the pharaohs have left behind is themselves in their mummified remains and so you go into the museum into the Royal mummy room and here are the Pharaohs of old I'm used to looking at Pottery that dates to the time of a king it's really intriguing when you're looking at the Kings themselves of these Royal mummies which one was the Pharaoh of The Exodus and this is hotly debated to this day but here's the thing if you just follow what the Bible says if you just follow the evidence then the answer to this question is actually straightforward and clear don't forget to hit that subscription button and I wanted to thank everybody that's been leaving comments in the video comment section about my book I appreciate that very much and I will leave a link in the description where you can order a copy of my book where God came down the archaeological evidence okay so if we're going to talk about the Pharaoh of The Exodus then we need to talk about the historian monetto because he's an extra biblical source for The Exodus now the writings of monetto are lost to us except through the quotes from later writers and the earliest of those writers is the first century Jewish historian Josephus this is the complete works of Josephus and in it Josephus wrote that one of Egypt's principal writers was monetto who was by birth an Egyptian he wrote a history of his own country in the Greek tongue out of their sacred records Josephus says of mineto I will set down his very words as if I were to bring the very man himself into a court for a witness okay so what Josephus is saying here is that the 81st Century historian Josephus is directly quoting the earlier 3rd Century BC historian monetto who has written a history of Egypt using these much earlier Egyptian records there's no doubt that monetto wrote about the Israelites because he described a people whose leader was called Moses who were captives in Egypt but when they went out of that country they built a city in Judea and called it Jerusalem then menetho says that these people took their Journey from Egypt during the reign of a minifist the king of Egypt a minifist is the Greek form of the Egyptian name amenhotep so in Josephus we are given a quote from monetto where he names the Pharaoh of The Exodus this is huge Josephus doesn't know the name amenhotep he only knows it because he's quoting moneto and minetho knows the name amenhotep because he has access to these early Egyptian records so the name amenhotep the Pharaoh of The Exodus is coming from these earlier records and being recorded in the history of Egypt written by mineto in the 3rd Century BC and then quoted in A.D first century by the historian Josephus this is an incredible source that lets us know the name of the Exodus Pharaoh in Egypt I met up with one of my good friends and colleagues archaeologist Dr Titus Kennedy and one of the sites that we traveled to was the ancient site of heliopolis this is where Minato served as a priest and where he wrote his history of Egypt we're here at heliopolis the city of the sun now this city is important for many reasons but one of those is that there was a priest here who lived in the fourth and 3rd Century BC named manetho who was one of the foremost historians for ancient Egypt and in his writings manetho tells us that the Pharaoh of The Exodus was someone named amen hotep the Pharaohs that are named amen hotep are found in the 18th Dynasty and so in the 18th Dynasty you have amen hotep the first second third Etc and so which one of these is the one that manetho is referring to and the best way to figure this out is to use use the biblical date of The Exodus which is found in First Kings 6 1. first king 6 1 says in the 480th year after the Israelites came out of Egypt in the fourth year of Solomon's Reign Over Israel in the month of ziv the second month he began to build the Temple of the Lord so there's 480 years between these two events when the Israelites came out of Egypt The Exodus and the fourth year of Solomon's Reign it's very well established that the fourth year of Solomon's Reign is 966 BC so to get the date of The Exodus all we have to do is add 480 years to 966 BC and we get 1446 BC which is the biblical date of The Exodus now we can turn our attention back to the Egyptian chronology and we can ask the simple question is there a pharaoh named amenhotep that is reigning during the biblical date 1446 BC amenhotep the first ran from 1540 6-1526 his Reign is too early amenhotep the third Reign too late from 1414 to 1377 BC in between them almond hotep the second Reign from 1450 to 1423 and so the biblical date of 1446 BC for The Exodus Falls within the reign of amenhotep II the Almond hotep that monetto was writing about must be amenhotep II because the dates of his Reign are in sync with the biblical date of The Exodus there's additional information from other verses in the Bible that can also be used to further test amenhotep II for example in Exodus it talks about the Pharaoh that Reigns before The Exodus pharaoh and he is often referred to as the Pharaoh of the oppression in the book of Exodus we are told this Pharaoh tried to kill Moses but Moses fled from pharaoh and went to live in Midian during that long period period the king of Egypt died before the Lord had said to Moses and Midian go back to Egypt in the New Testament in Acts chapter 7 Stephen is retelling how Moses fled to Midian but then after 40 years had passed he returned to Egypt we contest this then with amenhotep II did the predecessor of amenhotep II Reign for more than 40 years well his predecessor was his father thutmos III and thutmos III had a reign of 54 years he's the only Pharaoh in the 18th Dynasty that had a Reign for more than 40 years so amenhotep II passes this test Exodus 11 5 says of the tenth plague that every firstborn son in Egypt will die including the firstborn son of pharaoh who sits on the throne if amenhotep II is The Exodus Pharaoh then his firstborn son should have died in the 10th plague and so the successor of amenhotep II is his son thutmos IV who is not his firstborn son his firstborn son died mysteriously we know from the Egyptian records this is the Great Sphinx at Giza between the paws of the Sphinx is What's called the Sphinx dream Steely this was commissioned by Pharaoh futmos IV who told a story about he came down to the Sphinx he took a nap and while he was sleeping the gods came to him in a dream and they promised to him that he would become the next Pharaoh this was strange because he had an older brother who was the Crown Prince but this older brother had mysteriously died and disappeared from history this was propaganda he used the gods to give him Divine legitimacy when he wasn't expected to become the next Pharaoh so we have uh amenhotep II passing these tests these biblical criteria because his predecessor reigned for over 40 years and the one who succeeded him to the throne was not his firstborn son next we traveled deep into the region of the Delta to the ancient site of avarus one of the main excavators of of varus is the Austrian archaeologist Manfred B talk and he's the one that excavated the 18th Dynasty Palace there so we are here at avarice and this is where the Palace of amenhotep II was discovered and excavated yeah starts in that corner essentially yeah and then comes over like this so we're just out in an agricultural field right here this is all that's left we can see Pottery around we can see a few Foundation Stones around but this is where the 18th Dynasty Palace stood and this field underneath our feet and behind me here but this is this is a palace that has been discovered and this is a palace that has been excavated how long have they been Excavating in this area about 60 years and yet there's like nothing hardly to see here it's just all been turned back into agricultural Fields yeah mostly pottery and Maps btalk reported that the archeology demonstrated that the occupation of this Palace covers the time from Amos to amenhotep II this Palace complex was occupied Through The Rains of futmos III and amenhotep II when it was suddenly and mysteriously abandoned so the excavations at the 18th Dynasty Palace in Everest provide provided then archaeological evidence to support amenhotep II as The Exodus pharaoh [Music] one of the most impressive pharaohs in all of Egyptian history is the Pharaoh Ramses II and so it was very early on that egyptologists started to propose that Ramses II must have some connection with the Exodus I am here at Memphis this is the first capital of Egypt and below me is this colossal statue of Ramses II who built this site up during his reign [Music] thank you [Music] now the biggest problem with Ramses the second being The Exodus Pharaoh is time because uh Ramses II did not start his Reign until 1279 BC so this is 167 years later than 1446 BC which is the biblical date for The Exodus and remember that the predecessor to The Exodus Pharaoh has to have a reign of more than 40 years the predecessor of Ramses II is seti the first and he reigned from 1290 to 1279 BC which is just a reign of 11 years so he fails the test now Ramses II does have a very long reign of 66 years and so is he the Pharaoh of the oppression well the problem here is that would make his successor mernepta the Pharaoh of The Exodus and The Exodus Pharaoh can't have their first born son inherit their Throne because he would have died in the tenth plague the successor to mernepta is study the second and he is his firstborn son so the reason that Ramses II can't be connected to the Exodus is because he fails all these tests if he failed just one of these criteria then he would be disqualified as a candidate but he fails on all counts so now I'm going to give my general views of the debate that's been going on for a long time between the early date and the late date the early date for The Exodus is in the 15th century BC the late date is in the 13th century BC and this is amenhotep II versus Ramses II as pharaoh of The Exodus the main verse that's used for the late date is Exodus 111 and here we have the Israelites under slave masters who build a store city named Ramses and so the idea is that this city named Ramses is connected to the Pharaoh Ramses II and therefore The Exodus must date to his time avarice was established in the 12th Dynasty but in the 19th Dynasty to the north a new city and Palace emerged called P Ramses now in the book of Exodus we see that one of the store cities that's built is called Ramses some have explained this as scribal updating later on but there's a possibility that this area was also called Ramses during the 18th Dynasty now it's important to understand that Exodus 111 is not in conflict with the early date so even if the name Ramsey says a late name for the city it's still not a problem for the early date because sometimes the Bible uses later names for cities in place of earlier ones a good example of this is the city of Dan in judges 18 we have the danites capture and rebuild a city and then they name it Dan after their ancestor though it had formally been called leish then we can go back in time all the way back to Genesis 14 14 which tells us that Abram went as far as Dan so here we have a clear example of the later name for the city Dan replacing the earlier name leish and this is done because the Israelites were more familiar with the name Dan and so this this is what may be going on in Exodus 111 where we have possibly the later name for the city Ramses being used instead of the earlier name just as we wouldn't date Abram using the name of the city Dan in Genesis 14 14 so we shouldn't date The Exodus by the name of the city Ramses in Exodus 111. the main verse as we've already covered for the early date is First Kings 6 1. this is a real problem for the late date and so the way that they argue against First Kings 6 1 is they say that the 480 years that's mentioned there shouldn't be taken literally it's not a literal number uh what this is really talking about they argue is 12 generations of 40 years but then they say 40 years is too long for a generation it really should be 25 years well 12 times 25 is 300 years so if you reduce 480 years in first king 6 1 down to 300 years then you've moved the whole chronology 180 years later in time and then it fits the reign of Ramses II before the late date Theory came along nobody read first king 6 1 and read 480 years and said oh I get it that really means 300 years this is a reinterpretation of this verse and it's agenda driven so what's the agenda the agenda is to make Ramses the second the Pharaoh of The Exodus now there's another problem with the late date with judges 11 26. so in judges 11 26 we have jephthah who says for a 3 300 years Israel has occupied the land east of the Jordan this took place around 1100 BC when you had 300 years to 1100 BC you get 1400 BC add the 40 Years of wilderness wandering and then you get this mid-15th Century BC date for The Exodus which is an agreement with the mid 15th century date of The Exodus from First Kings 6 1. so since judges 11 26 also gives the 15th century BC date for The Exodus then the late date Scholars have to present their arguments against it so what they say is that jephthah is unreliable and the reason that they give is that he calls in verse 24 the name of the ammonite God kamosh whereas later in the Bible for example in First Kings 11 5 the name of the ammonite God is given as molik so jephthah can't be trusted he gives the wrong name of the god of the ammonites and so therefore in verse 26 when he says this 300 years you can't trust that 300 years as being accurate well this is this is actually from Jeff the a very important information about the ammonites he's telling us that earlier in their history they worshiped the god kamosh which makes sense because that's the god that the moabites worship and the ammonites and the moabites are brother Nations uh that come from lot and so um they worshiped early in their history commotion then later they changed and adopted for whatever reason the worship of the Amorite god molik well historically Nations sometimes change their gods few examples of this is Babylon Babylon changed their God Nebuchadnezzar worshiped Marduk and then nabanitis led the people to worship the God's sin Egypt changed his God during The Reign of Akhenaten and the Israelite prophets are almost constantly rebuking the Israelites for changing their God right because they forsaken their God who delivered them out of Egypt and are worshiping these other gods so this is not any kind of proof that that jephthah is being unreliable when he gives us the number 300 and again these two verses first king 6 1 and judges 11 26 complement each other they confirm each other it's very powerful evidence and this is the same argument that these Scholars use against Acts chapter 7 and the testimony of Stephen he's unreliable he's untrustworthy they need to say this because even gives information that contradicts Ramses II as being the Pharaoh of The Exodus because he says that Moses returns to Egypt after 40 years had passed which means that the predecessor as we've looked at already of The Exodus Pharaoh needs to have rained for more than 40 years and the predecessor for Ramses the second only reigned for 11 years so they say the same thing well Stephen's testimony is unreliable it can't be trusted and that's just simply not the case so Minato is a big problem for the late date because he doesn't name Ramses as the Pharaoh of The Exodus he names amenhotep uh so guess what the late date Scholars say about monetto you guessed it he's unreliable uh and so the argument that they use against him is that uh there's these variants now of course uh for many ancient sources and ancient texts there's later variants um that's why we have textual criticism which is identifying those variants and trying to get as close as possible to the original the general understanding for ancient Texas the earlier texts are usually considered more reliable than the later ones and so of all the historians that quote monetto by far the earliest is Josephus and everything that we've covered comes directly out of Josephus the other problem with monetto being unreliable is that to this day the framework for uh for the history laying out the history of ancient Egypt with these 30 dynasties that ruled over Egypt that all comes from monetto and so it really doesn't work just to write monetto off as being unreliable and in addition to all of this we have the archeology from a virus which shows that the 18th Dynasty Palace came to an end during the reign of amenhotep II the Palace of the 19th Dynasty and P Ramses didn't start with Ramses II nor did it end after his Reign really the reality is is that the evidence for the date and the Pharaoh of The Exodus is stacked on the early date side this is the mummy of amenhotep II and the evidence is clear that he was the Pharaoh of The Exodus what is the archaeological evidence for the Exodus well here's something uh The Mummy of amenhotep II according to the evidence when you're looking at the mummy of almond hotep II you're looking at the very man who dealt with Moses who hardened his heart and wouldn't let God's people go who went through the ten plagues this is the Pharaoh whom God delivered his people from so don't forget to hit that subscribe button I'll leave a link in the description where you can order a copy of my book you can watch other videos that we produced here and thanks for watching I'll catch you next time

Channel: Expedition Bible

Views: 1,125,910

Keywords: Exodus Pharaoh, Joel Kramer, Christian archaeology, Bible teaching, biblical apologetics, apologetics, Christian, Expedition Bible, Bible, inerrancy, archaeology, Old Testament, the Bible is true, biblical archaeology, Christianity, Amenhotep II, Ramses II, Ramasses II, Pharoah, Egypt, Exodus, high chronology, low chronology, date of the Exodus, mummy, the exodus, ramses ii mummy, date of the exodus debate, early date of the exodus

Id: 2JusQxiTXnE

Length: 22min 14sec (1334 seconds)

Published: Fri Apr 28 2023