The Epistle of James: Lesson 1 - Introduction to James

[Music] [Music] you imagine for a moment growing up with a close sibling or friend you play together you learn together you reach adulthood together but for most of your life this person has been right by your side and then one day your friend or sibling claims to be God's chosen one well for James the brother of Jesus this wasn't just an imaginary scenario in his younger years he doubted that Jesus was the Savior but later in his life he not only became a follower of Jesus he became the leader of the church at Jerusalem and wrote the New Testament book that bears his name this is the first lesson in our series on the Epistle of James and we've entitled it introduction to James in this lesson we'll touch on a number of introductory issues that will enable us to pursue a faithful interpretation of this portion of the New Testament we'll approach our introduction to James in two ways first we'll explore the background of the book and second we'll examine its structure and content let's begin with the background of the book of James with any biblical book it's important to understand the context surrounding its writing as much as possible the various books of the Bible were written in real historical settings by people with particular motivations and concerns so studying these kinds of background issues can help us understand the books themselves when we consider the settings and motivations associated with the book of James were better equipped to understand what the Epistle meant when it was first written and we can apply James words more effectively to our lives today to understand the background of James we'll consider first the authorship of the book then we'll look at the original audience and finally we'll examine the occasion on which the letter of James was written let's begin with the authorship of the Epistle of James although we know that the Holy Spirit inspired the scriptures many books in the Bible like James also identify their human authors and and the more we know about biblical authors then the better prepared we are to understand and interpret what they wrote so for this reason we must learn all we can about who wrote the Epistle of James to investigate the authorship of James we'll consider two subjects first we'll explore the traditional outlook that James the younger brother of Jesus wrote the Epistle second we'll explore the author's personal history let's start by looking at the traditional outlook on these matters the letter opens in James chapter one verse one with this simple statement James a servant of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ to the twelve tribes scattered among the nations greetings as we see here the letter clearly identifies a man named James as the author but this greeting doesn't settle precisely who this man was five different men in the New Testament including two of Jesus twelve disciples were named James but only two of these five men would have had enough authority in the early church to write a letter like this the first of these two was James the son of Zebedee and the brother of John but according to Acts chapter 12 verse 2 this James was martyred under Herod Agrippa the first around ad 44 as well seen later there are good reasons for believing that the book of James was written after Herod's death so it's highly unlikely that James the son of Zebedee was the author the second James was the younger brother of Jesus he was also the leader of the early church in Jerusalem this James was by far the more prominent of the two and the one most theologians have attributed this epistle to through the centuries there was a great deal of support for the traditional outlook that Jesus brother James wrote this epistle but there are also a few objections let's begin with the support for this view in the first place in Chapter 1 verse 1 the writer didn't give any credentials beyond saying that he was a servant of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ he simply assumed that his name alone would be recognized and would carry sufficient authority and based on this authority his letter contains one strong command after another this opening greeting then makes a strong case for Jesus brother James because of his status in the early church in Jerusalem well in the days of the Apostolic Church the whole question of authority was very significant who has the authority to to teach and lead this new community of followers of Jesus Christ there were various writings that were circulating various claims to have authority and one of the criteria that emerged as very significant was that of being an eyewitness to the Ministry of Jesus those who were eyewitnesses of his ministry who spent the time with the Lord Himself were considered to have a a righteous claim to the authority to teach in the early church now James the brother of Jesus of course was an eyewitness to his ministry but more than that had been eyewitness really to the whole of his life and that did play a significant role in the the weight that the teaching of James and the weight that James's letter was given in the early church in the second place the testimony of the early church confirms this outlook on the authorship of the book the First Epistle of Clement written around 1896 and the Shepherd of hermas written around 80 140 bother referred to or quote from James epistle and origin who died in 80 254 quoted the book of James several times in his commentary on the Epistle to the Romans origins use of James is particularly significant because in book 4 chapter 8 origin identified the author of James as the brother of the Lord we also know that the church in the east and later the church in the West accepted this letter as the work of Jesus brother now despite this strong support for the traditional outlook that Jesus brother James was the author there have been some objections critical interpreters have suggested at least two alternatives some interpreters have looked for an unknown James in the early church they say that the person who wrote the letter was indeed named James but he wasn't the son of Zebedee or the brother of Jesus he remains obscure because he wasn't mentioned in any other writings of the infant church however this theory is unlikely as we've already noted the simplicity of the author's identification at the beginning of the letter indicates that he was well known it's highly doubtful but there would have been nothing else written about him a second theory offered by critical interpreters is that of pseudonymity pseudonymity refers to the practice of assigning written works to someone other than the actual author his practice took place among Jews in the first century for a variety of reasons one prominent reason for pseudonymity was to give weight or authority to a book or letter in the case of James epistle critical interpreters have argued that someone other than James used his name to gain wider acceptance for their letter in the church now according to passages like second Thessalonians chapter 2 verse 2 this practice was scorned in the first century Church as deceit but critical scholars still offer at least three arguments for this objection first they say there is no mention of the author's relation to Jesus they say it's unthinkable that a brother of Jesus would write to the churches and not reveal this familial bond when he identified himself but Jude the author of the Epistle of Jude was also Jesus brother and he never mentioned his blood ties to Jesus in his letter so this argument for pseudonymity is weak at best second some critical scholars assume pseudonymity because the book gives evidence that the author was aware of Hellenistic or Greek culture and James was a Jew from Palestine it's true that the writer of James had some awareness of Greek culture for instance in James chapter 3 of verse 6 he used the phrase the whole course of one's life this phrase was commonly used in Greek philosophy and religion but at the time James letter was written many well-educated Jews in Palestine had more than a passing knowledge of Hellenistic philosophy and religion in addition while the Greek of James is more sophisticated than what we find in other portions of the New Testament it isn't by any means the most sophisticated Greek in the New Testament in fact the letter is quite similar in style to books such as Testaments of the 12 patriarchs and other Hellenistic Jewish writings of that time a third argument for pseudonymity points to inconsistencies with the theological portrait of James in the books of Acts and Galatians this view suggests that some of the ideas expressed in the Epistle of James don't match theological outlooks attributed to James in these other New Testament books for instance critical interpreters point to passages like Acts chapter 21 verses 17 through 25 and Galatians chapter 2 verse 12 they argue that in these verses James appears to be a spokesman for a rather conservative Jewish Christian position on the law but in James chapter 1 verse 25 and James chapter 2 verse 12 the author seems to take a somewhat lenient view of the law calling it the law that gives freedom but these differences simply are not as great as critical scholars make them out to be on closer review the verses cited in acts in Galatians don't portray an extreme Jewish Christian point of view and James position on the law in acts and Galatians is actually very consistent with the theology of the letter of James as we can see the arguments against James the brother of Jesus being the author of this book are weak at best the arguments in favor of James's authorship a much more compelling and because of this most evangelical scholars rightly affirm that James the brother of Jesus was the author of the letter that bears his name we've considered the authorship of James by looking at the traditional outlook now let's look more closely at James personal history Matthew chapter 13 verse 55 identifies James as one of Mary's sons and one of Jesus half-brothers this family connection may account for the many similarities between James epistle and Jesus teachings recorded in the Gospels but scripture makes it clear that when James and his other brothers were growing up they didn't recognize who their oldest sibling really was as John chapter 7 verse 5 tells us even Jesus own brothers did not believe in him but at some point in his life James came to have saving faith in Jesus as his Lord in fact James rose to such prominence in the early church that Paul called him in Galatians chapter 2 verse 9 one of the pillars of the church in addition we know that according to 1st Corinthians chapter 15 verse 7 Jesus appeared to James after his resurrection James position of authority is well documented in the New Testament for instance he appears three times in the book of Acts as the leader of the Jerusalem church and in Acts chapter 15 we see him as the spokesman for the apostolic council even non-christians acknowledge James importance in the church one of the most well known accounts of James violent death in AD 62 comes from the Jewish historian Josephus listen to antiquities book 20 chapter 9 section 1 written in 1893 where Josephus described the circumstances surrounding James death animus convened the judges of the Sanhedrin and brought before them the brother of Jesus the one called Christ whose name was James and certain others and accusing them of having transgressed the law delivered them up to be stoned while growing up James may not have understood who his older brother really was but we can see from Josephus account and from Scripture and other historical records that later in his adult life James had an unwavering commitment to Jesus as the Christ as Eusebius wrote in his ecclesiastical history book to chapter 23 quoting the early Christian historian hige Esopus James became a true witness both to Jews and Greeks that Jesus is the Christ now that we've considered the background of James epistle by looking at some of the issues surrounding authorship let's explore the original audience of this letter theologians often spend a great deal of time and energy trying to learn as much as possible about the author of a particular biblical book but discovering the identity of the original audience is just as important if we want to interpret correctly what a biblical writer was saying it it helps us to know who the writers original readers were and what they were facing at that particular time in history as we saw earlier in James chapter one verse one James identified his readers as the twelve tribes scattered among the nations this seems to be a reference to Jews who lived outside of Israel and in James chapter 2 verse 1 James addressed his audience as believers in our glorious Lord Jesus Christ taken together these verses indicate that James original audience was made up primarily of Jewish Christians who lived outside of Palestine on several occasions in his book James addressed his audience affectionately as brothers but how did James living in Jerusalem know his audience well enough to speak to them in this way well in Acts chapter 8 verses 1 through 4 we learned that in the wave of persecution following Stephens martyrdom members of the Jerusalem church were scattered throughout Judea and Samaria it's possible then that James as the leader of the Jerusalem church was riding to these scattered members of the twelve tribes but even if the Epistle wasn't addressed specifically to these believers it seems that James audience was made up of Jewish Christians in similar circumstances the vocabulary James used also supports the idea that his original readers were Jewish followers of Jesus for example in chapter 2 verse 2 James chose the word soon ago gay or synagogue to describe his audience's meetings this was a typical way to refer to Jewish gatherings and in chapter 5 verse 4 James used the phrase Lord Almighty or Korea's Sabah oath this phrase comes from a common Old Testament name for the God of Israel Yahweh Saba aute language of this kind makes much more sense if the recipients have strong Jewish roots knowing the background - James audience is extremely important because it helps us set a trajectory as to how we understand the message that he's trying to articulate to his audience James audience as a Jewish community our recipients of a long tradition of the Torah of Moses the message of the prophets and the writings James draws on this rich tradition as he talks to them about the life of faith the wise life and they need to understand how they should apply it into their own lives in light of the resurrection of Jesus Christ now when we say that James was writing to Jewish Christians we don't mean that there were no Gentile believers in the churches James dressed as early as Acts chapter 8 we know of an Ethiopian convert and as we learn in Acts chapter 10 there were many Gentile god-fearing converts to Judaism who attended synagogues so it wouldn't have been surprising to find at least some Gentile believers in these churches as well still according to Romans chapter 9 verse 8 Gentile believers were regarded as Abraham's offspring and ideally they were considered just as much a part of the 12 tribes of Israel as any who were Jews by bloodline we've looked at the background of James by considering the epistles authorship and its original audience now we're ready to examine the occasion of its writing will explore the occasion of the writing of James in three steps first we'll touch on the location of both the author and audience second will consider the date of composition third we'll think about the purpose of James epistle let's begin by looking at the location of both the author and the audience of this letter the location of the author isn't difficult to discern both the New Testament and early church fathers suggest that James lived his life of ministry in Jerusalem and he remained in Jerusalem until he was martyred in AD 62 because of this there's no reason to think that he wrote the Epistle from any other location the location of the original audience is also somewhat straightforward as we just mentioned the letters recipients were most likely Jewish believers who had been scattered throughout Judea and Samaria after the murder of Stephen Acts chapter 11 verse 19 tells us that these displaced believers traveled as far as Phoenicia Antioch and Cyprus in search of a safe place to live we can't be positive that James wrote to believers in these specific locations yet based on James initial greeting to the twelve tribes scattered among the nations these areas are strong possibilities for the location of James original audience we think that these are truly dispersed tribes that is the parishioners of Jerusalem who were scattered into Phoenicia and Cyprus and Antioch by the persecution after Stephens martyrdom that it's quite possible in fact I think it likely that James was writing to these folks as his own parishioners and the reason I think that is that he surprisingly gives us no theology or virtually none overtly he doesn't talk in terms the structure of the gospel they're quite a few things that he doesn't mention and as a pastor I'm thinking well he probably covered those things earlier in his ministry and now he's speaking to his well-known audience in the way that a pastor would and so it has great effect on our sense of James that we look at this audience scattered this audience already under his ministry and and see him building in that way keeping in mind this first aspect of the occasion of James epistle the location of the author and audience now let's consider the date of the letters composition the earliest and latest likely dates for this letter are fairly easy to establish first the earliest likely date for the letters composition is ad 44 we know that James wrote his epistle as the leader of the early church in Jerusalem Acts chapter 12 verse 17 indicates that James became a significant leader of the Jerusalem church by the time of Peter's released from prison according to Acts chapter 12 verses 19 through 23 Peter was released and the Year Herod Agrippa the first died in AD 44 this makes it most likely that the Epistle was not written much before this date second the latest possible date of composition for the Epistle is ad 62 the year of James martyrdom as we saw earlier according to Josephus James died at the hands of the priests animus near this time this provides a brief window for the letters composition the letter itself doesn't include specific references to historical events that would date it more specifically but there are at least two reasons to think that the date of composition was earlier rather than later for one as we mentioned before in chapter 2 verse 2 James used the word soon ago gay or synagogue to describe his audiences meetings the use of synagogue seems to indicate an early stage in the development of the Christian movement James may have written before Christians were forced out of the synagogues or at the very least he wrote at a time when Christians were still calling their gatherings a synagogue in addition there's no mention in James epistle of the Jewish Gentile controversies that received so much attention in the writings of Peter and Paul in the early church as Gentiles came to faith in Christ in large numbers conflicts arose over whether or not these new believers should be required to conform to Jewish customs perhaps James simply chose not to deal with these controversies but more likely they hadn't yet become a major factor in the life of the young churches that James addressed having looked at the letters occasion both in its location and its date let's examine James purpose in writing this letter one of the most helpful ways to summarize the overarching purpose of James is to look at James chapter 1 verses 2 through 4 in his opening words James told his readers consider it pure joy my brothers and sisters whenever you face trials of many kinds because you know that the testing of your faith produces perseverance let perseverance finish its work so that you may be mature and complete not lacking anything as this passage indicates James audience was facing trials of many kinds but James called them to have pure joy in their trials trials he explained produce perseverance and those who persevere will become mature and complete not lacking anything but the real key to James message comes in the very next verse in verse 5 James completed his thought with these words if any of you lacks wisdom you should ask God who gives generously to all without finding fault and it will be given to you we'll discuss these verses in more detail later in the lesson but for now this passage gives us a window into the heart of the entire epistle to experience pure joy in the midst of trials ask God for wisdom and it will be given to you with this in mind we can summarize the main purpose of James letter in this way James called his audience to pursue wisdom from God so that they would have joy in their trials it was important for James audience to hear this message as we said earlier James audience was no longer in Palestine they were living scattered among the nations far from their homes no doubt it wasn't easy for them to find joy in their trials this appears to have led some of them to abandon their loyalty to Christ instead they were pursuing what James called friendship with the world listen to James chapter 4 verse 4 where James used these strong words you adulterous people don't you know that friendship with the world is hatred toward God anyone who chooses to be a friend of the world becomes an enemy of God clearly there were some in James audience who had strayed far from the faith and James warned them that being friends with the world made them an enemy of God it's no wonder then that James exerted his authority as a leader of the church repeatedly James commanded his readers to live in a manner consistent with a sincere profession of faith he used more than 50 imperatives or direct commands in his 108 verses and he often used other grammatical forms that functioned just like imperatives within their contexts but James principle solution to the problems his audience faced was not merely to command them to do this or that for him the heart of the matter was that they needed to pursue wisdom from God wisdom from God was the key to receiving joy as they endured their many trials listen to these well-known words of chapter 4 verses 8 through 10 where James told his readers come near to God and He will come near to you humble yourselves before the Lord and He will lift you up James directed believers to humble themselves so that God would lift them up he taught that humility before God is a path to wisdom and when Christ's followers draw near to God in humble submission the wisdom they receive brings joy even as they persevere through trials so far in our introduction to James we've looked at the background of James now we're ready to examine the epistles structure and content we've just suggested that the book of James focus is a great deal of attention on wisdom as the way to find joy in times of trial but this emphasis on wisdom helps us understand something more than just the purpose of this book many interpreters have spoken of the book of James as the New Testament book of wisdom and this perspective also helps us grasp the unusual structure and content of the Epistle by the time James wrote his letter there had been a long history of wisdom literature stemming from the Old Testament Old Testament wisdom writings include job and Ecclesiastes as well as the book of Proverbs and a number of so-called wisdom Psalms and prophetic wisdom sayings James indebtedness to this Old Testament literature is evident in a number of ways for instance in chapter 5 verse 11 James used the example of job the main character in the book of Job to promote perseverance beyond this James touched on topics such as speech the treatment of widows and orphans poverty and favoritism these topics reflect numerous parallels with the content of the book of Proverbs when we read through the Epistle of James one of the things that we see as a common thread is the word wisdom he obviously values greatly wisdom the wisdom from above supposed to the wisdom from below and and that very value on wisdom and the structure of the epistle makes us think that there's a great influence in his life on wisdom literature that's come before him now I think we see that most explicitly in his citation and use of the book of Proverbs and also in the way that he remembers the words of our Lord of Jesus who also spoke often in a wisdom context alongside that there was a development of wisdom thought and wisdom writing as genre really of wisdom writing in the intertestamental time and I think we see some of the same themes through that wisdom literature in James occasionally we see the same structure but I think a lot of the themes also were really started with the book of Proverbs and also with Jesus and so I think that the the bigger influence on James is probably going to come out of Jesus and proverbs but that genre and the importance of a proverbial wisdom throughout second temple Judaism around the time of Jesus is also very important in James the letter of James also reflects the content of influential wisdom books outside of Scripture like the wisdom of Sirach also known simply as serac and the wisdom of Solomon these books were well known in James day and there are striking parallels to both in his letter as just one example in chapter 1 verse 26 from psy RAC we read if you desire wisdom keep the commandments and the Lord will bestow it on you and James chapter 1 verse 5 tells us if any of you lacks wisdom let him ask God who gives generously to all without reproach and it will be given him in addition to these types of wisdom literature much of Jesus instruction recorded in the Gospels is characteristic of wisdom teaching in Israel and interpreters have noted a number of similarities between James writing and Jesus instruction consider for instance Matthew chapter 5 verse 10 where Jesus said blessed are those who are persecuted because of righteousness for theirs is the kingdom of heaven compare this with James chapter 1 verse 12 where James wrote blessed is the man who perseveres under trial because when he has stood the test he will receive the crown of life that God has promised to those who love him the wisdom literature of Judaism in the first century and a little bit before then had considerable influence on James especially in terms of the cultural and literary amiyo that he was working with in fact there are dozens of allusions and parallels between James and other literature both in the Old Testament and in other Jewish literature you know that James quotes from proverbs twice at least once and probably twice and he has many allusions particularly to the wisdom of Jesus Ben Sira a work that was written in about a century before the time of the New Testament but there is one thing that is unique to James and in terms of wisdom and that is he links his wisdom very closely with the teaching of Jesus James is probably one of the most colorful illustrators in the New Testament with depictions of ships and being guided by little rudders and and farmers that are patiently waiting and merchants that are traveling there's many many illustrations that's all wisdom influenced but the content of James is really carrying forward the way in which Jesus presents the kingdom and the way the presence of the kingdom changes your life because of James close ties to wisdom literature the structure of the epistle is quite different from what we might expect even a brief look at this letter tells us that it's organization isn't simple in fact from our modern point of view it can seem quite disorganized much like the book of Proverbs the book of James deals with a variety of important themes and it often spends only a few verses on one theme before moving on to another occasionally it returns to one or more of its themes later in the letter but not with any consistency some commentators have even concluded that there is no structure to James they've suggested that it's only a collection of wisdom sayings with no real order or flow of thought but we have to be careful here this letter isn't just a chaotic jumble of unrelated verses thrown together without any order at all although the book of James resembles wisdom literature in both form and content it also differs from that genre in a variety of ways unlike other wisdom literature James is a letter written to specific churches and for this reason it does reflect some of the organizational features of other New Testament epistles there's little agreement among interpreters on the organization or structure of James but for the purposes of this lesson we've divided the book into seven sections the epistle opens with James greeting in James chapter 1 verse 1 the first major division is an introduction to the main themes of the book that we might call wisdom and joy in James chapter 1 verses 2 through 18 the second major division expresses James concern for wisdom and obedience in James chapter 1 verse 19 through chapter 2 verse 26 the third major division deals with wisdom and peace in the Christian community in James chapter 3 verse 1 through chapter 4 verse 12 the fourth major division focuses on wisdom and the future in James chapter 4 verse 13 through chapter 5 verse 12 the fifth and final major division is devoted to what we may describe as wisdom and prayer in James chapter 5 verses 13 through 18 after these five major divisions there is a concluding exhortation in chapter 5 verses 19 and 20 let's take a closer look at each of these divisions beginning with the greeting in James chapter 1 verse 1 listen again to chapter 1 verse 1 James short salutation James a servant of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ to the twelve tribes scattered among the nations greetings we shouldn't miss how James described himself here he called himself a servant of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ James could have introduced himself as the leader of the church or even as the brother of Jesus instead he chose to make the point that he was the servant of God and Christ this dual reference maybe James personal statement of humility the theme he touches on later in the book here he exemplified that humility by making it clear that he was the servant of his brother Jesus following the greeting the first major division centers on what we've called wisdom and joy James wrote his letter to Christians who'd been driven out of Jerusalem and were scattered around the Mediterranean world they were facing different kinds of trials that no doubt discouraged them and for this reason James first words about the importance of wisdom began with a call to joy listen again to James chapter 1 verse 2 where James told his audience consider it pure joy my brothers and sisters whenever you face trials of many kinds this passage may seem odd to us especially because it addresses people who were facing trials of many kinds but James appeal to consider trials pure joy is not as unusual as we might think the phrase pure joy comes from the Greek expression Poisson Quran that may be translated complete unmitigated joy this kind of encouragement fits well with other wisdom literature of James day many times wisdom writings encouraged those who suffered to consider themselves blessed Jesus for instance closed the Beatitudes in Matthew chapter 5 verse 12 with the call to rejoice and to be glad in the face of persecution as we said earlier in chapter 1 verses 3 & 4 James taught that perseverance through trials makes it possible for believers to be mature and complete in other words when God's people endure hardship they grow into the fullness of all that God intends for them but in reality it's often difficult for even the most sincere believer to see how this is true in the midst of suffering this is why in the very next verse James told his readers to pursue wisdom from God you'll recall the James chapter 1 verse 5 says if any of you lacks wisdom you should ask God who gives generously to all those who want to have pure joy as they suffer trials must ask God for insight they need wisdom to help them understand how their trials lead to their betterment and if we ask for this kind of wisdom from God he will give it to us as James went on to say in chapter 1 verse 17 god gives good and perfect gifts to his people James closed this section in chapter 1 verse 18 with this reassurance God chose to give us birth through the word of truth that we might be a kind of firstfruits of all he created when we received the wisdom to understand how God works through trials we can be joyful wisdom strengthens our confidence that God has ordained for us the blessing of eternal salvation after his discussion on wisdom and joy James moved to the relationship between wisdom and obedience in this section James discussed wisdom and obedience in three basic steps to begin with chapter 1 verses 19 through 27 introduces the importance of taking action rather than just listening or talking in chapter 1 verse 22 we read this do not merely listen to the word and so deceive yourselves do what it says to hear the word is simply not good enough the word of wisdom from God must also lead to faithful obedience otherwise we are deceiving ourselves we James this letter you understand that he's really emphasizing the need to put into practice the things that we say we believe it's a very prominent thing throughout the whole epistle you asked the question why is James emphasizing that and the first answer seems to be James lives in the real world you ministers to real people and the world in which we live is a world where talk is cheap where it's very easy to say we believe in God and much harder to follow through on what that belief might look like in action this thing's have been a challenge not just for James but also for Jesus talking is not the same as doing Jesus knows that James knows that they're trying to reach real people in real world with a real problem James expected his readers to do more than just hear God's Word he expected them to put their faith into action this theme was so important to James that although he mainly discussed it in chapters 1 & 2 he returned to it periodically throughout his epistle for instance in chapter 3 verse 13 James basic perspective on the relationship between wisdom and obedience appears again James wrote who is wise and understanding among you let them show it by their good life by deeds done in the humility that comes from wisdom as this verse indicates wisdom and understanding of God's purposes and trials and suffering is no mere intellectual matter those who have it will show it by their good life by deeds done in humility that comes from the wisdom that God gives so in chapter 1 verse 27 James closed this section on the need for action by summing up true piety or religion in this way religion that God our Father accepts as pure and faultless is this to look after orphans and widows in their distress and to keep oneself from being polluted by the world James speaks very frankly about religion that what he calls pure and faultless being this to look after orphans and widows in their distress and to keep oneself from being polluted by the world and in our culture which is so materialistic in many ways those are two sides of the same coin that one of the ways in which we get polluted by the world is not caring for the poor around us or attributing their poverty to something only within them and not looking at the systemic causes of it or looking at ourselves where who have means as meaning that that means that somehow we're superior or we have God's blessing and poor people don't when the reality is that oftentimes what you find is the faith of the poor is stronger and more authentic than folks who haven't suffered the same things that they have following this introductory call-to-action james elaborated on the connection between wisdom and obedience by focusing on the problem of favoritism in chapter 2 verses 1 through 13 some people within James audience had apparently been showing preference to the wealthy and neglecting the poor and in this section James addressed this problem by calling them to give proper attention to what he called the Royal law in chapter 2 verse 8 James said if you really keep the royal law found in Scripture love your neighbor as yourself you are doing right essentially neglecting the poor in favor of the rich is a failure to love your neighbor and James taught that they must avoid the sin of favoritism by keeping the Royal law you see and James is teaching about the rich and their relationship to the poor a real reflection of the Savior's teaching in Luke chapter 16 and chapter 2 of James he talks about how don't you know that God has chosen the poor those who love him to be heirs of his kingdom the rich are being shown partiality as they come into the Christian meetings they're being showing deference you can take my seat you can have the best seat in the assembly and James warns those who are acting that way to remember that the poor have full standing in the kingdom of God full inheritance rights and therefore they should be shown dignity and respect and full membership among the people of God as well as we've seen the book of James has a very positive focus on the law of God in James view the law teaches us to care for one another to have compassion on the poor to avoid favoritism and the like but this positive outlook can be misused if we aren't careful modern Christians often point out how the law of God has been used in vain as a way to try and justify ourselves before God by our own righteous deeds and we're right to reject this abuse of God's law but by contrast the book of James stresses a different facet of the law James taught that although no one can be justified by the law the law of God is our source of wisdom and we should live in obedience to it of course we don't obey the law as if we still lived in Old Testament times we must always apply God's law in the light of Christ and the teachings of the New Testament but those who have trusted Christ for salvation obey the law out of gratitude to God because it's the revelation of God's wisdom in this sense James echoes Psalm 19 verses 7 & 8 where we read this the law of the Lord is perfect reviving the soul the statutes of the Lord are trustworthy making wise the simple after introducing the importance of action in response to the word of wisdom and resisting favoritism by obeying the Royal law of God James addressed the relationship between faith and obedience in chapter 2 verses 14 through 26 in chapter 2 verse 14 James posed this question what good is it my brother's if a man claims to have faith but has no deeds can such faith save him James answered this question with a resounding no he did this in a number of ways first he pointed out that even the devil believes true things about God but it does him no good then he noted how Abraham's faith led to obedience and he described how Rahab demonstrated her faith through good works so in chapter 2 verse 26 James drew this well-known conclusion as the body without the Spirit is dead so faith without deeds is dead according to James having the right beliefs is not enough a faith that does not show itself in obedience is dead it is not true saving faith after exhorting his audience to live a life of obedience James focused his attention on the relationship between wisdom and peace among followers of Christ listen to James question in chapter 4 verse 1 what causes fights and quarrels among you although this first comes in the middle of this section in a variety of ways the entire section deals with this question in this section James noted three main issues associated with wisdom and peace among believers first in chapter 3 verses 1 through 12 James focused on the tongue or our use of words in chapter 3 verses 4 & 5 James compared the tongue to a ship's rudder he explained it this way ships are so large and are driven by strong winds but they are steered by a very small rudder likewise the tongue is a small part of the body but it makes great boasts then in verse six he went further telling the audience the tongue is a world of evil among the parts of the body it corrupts the whole person sets the whole course of his life on fire and is itself set on fire by hell James warning against the tongues capacity for evil is very similar to what we find in the book of Proverbs proverbs also deals with the dangers associated with the tongue or speech a number of times we find this in places like proverbs chapter 10 verse 31 chapter 11 verse 12 chapter 15 verse 4 and many other verses both James and proverbs pointed out that words can lead to all kinds of trouble among God's people to avoid conflict and live in peace we must control our tongues but when we come to the Book of James and we hear him say things about our speech we were probably reminded of the words of Jesus when he says that out of the overflow of the heart the mouth speaks and as James reflects on the words of Jesus and provides instructions for the church how we are to live in the light of Christ's coming in anticipation of his future return one of the ways that James gives us to measure our heart is focusing on our words and in other words James views the words of a person the tongue which is shorthand for the words as a barometer of a person's whole moral beam it gives the temperature and a put another way it gives a temperature of one's heart and so just as Jesus says out of the overflow of the heart the mouth speaks when James says that a man must bridle his tongue and it should not be that from the same mouth come blessing and curses he's telling us that her heart must be fully committed to God we must not be a double minded man but we must in faith hold fast to the teaching of Christ and as we do that our words should bless our brothers and sisters instead of cursing them the second issue tied to wisdom and peace involves two kinds of wisdom we find this in chapter three verses 13 through 18 in James chapter 3 verses 14 through 17 we read these words if you harbor bitter envy and selfish ambition in your hearts such wisdom does not come down from heaven but is earthly unspiritual demonic but the wisdom that comes from heaven is first of all pure then peace loving considerate submissive full of mercy and good fruit impartial and sincere as we see here to explain the relationship between wisdom and peace James distinguished between earthly even demonic wisdom and wisdom that comes from heaven earthly wisdom leads to bitter envy and selfish ambition but wisdom from God brings peace in the Christian community James called for his readers to let go of their fights and quarrels he explained that when we cling to our own selfish desires there can be no peace among us worldly wisdom he taught only leads to disorder and every evil practice so James instructed his readers to rely on the wisdom that comes from God when we do this we find peace as James put it in chapter 3 verse 18 peacemakers who sow in peace raise a harvest of righteousness the third issue in this section in chapter 4 verses 1 through 12 looks at wisdom and peace in relationship to the inward conflict that followers of Christ experienced james traced strife among christians to selfish desires wrong motives and discontent within us from james point of view the evil desires within his audience had caused great damage in the christian community they were ruled by their once and because of this they were fighting and coveting and even destroying each other so james sternly told them what they must do to bring peace in chapter 4 verses 7 through 10 James said submit yourselves then to God come near to God and He will come near to you humble yourselves before the Lord and He will lift you up only humble submission to God would put an end to their fights and quarrels and give them peace with one another now let's consider the relationship between wisdom and the future James discussion of wisdom and the future can be divided into three parts the first part is found in chapter 4 verses 13 through 17 and deals with those who were making plans for the future as if God were not in control these verses indicate that many and James audience were attempting to determine their own futures they focused on accumulating wealth and they bragged about what they would do and where they would go in response to this James reminded them that their lives were fleeting they couldn't possibly know what their futures held listen to chapter four verses 15 and 16 where James told them you ought to say if it is the Lord's will we will live and do this or that as it is you boast in your arrogance schemes all such boasting is evil only God controls the future and those who are wise will acknowledge this in the second part of this section James gave attention to wisdom and the future in a slightly different way in chapter 5 verses 1 through 6 he warned against hoarding wealth because of the future day of judgment James spoke at great length about the treatment of the poor in many places and he repeatedly condemned the wealthy for taking advantage of those less fortunate in these verses James strongly cautioned the rich who had gained wealth at the expense of the poor and he informed them that they would soon suffer for it as he put it in chapter five verse three our gold and silver are corroded their corrosion will testify against you and eat your flesh like fire you have hoarded wealth in the last days as this passage indicates accumulating wealth at the expense of others will bring severe judgment what James basically says is something that would have been mind-blowing to many of the Jews who heard him he basically reverses the the understanding that many in Israel had about the relationship of rich and poor and he actually calls the poor blessed and speaks about he warns the rich to actually be ready to repent and to expect judgment the basis for that judgment is these people are hoarding their wealth which basically if you're if you've been blessed with wealth God's will is that you would share this with your neighbor they use it to bless your neighbor but they're hoarding it up from themselves they're defrauding their workers by not paying them a fair wage wealth is a gift of God that is then to be used as God wills not for yourself but ultimately for your neighbor in other words every business should be guided by the principle love your neighbor as yourself the third part of James discussion on wisdom in the future in chapter 5 verses 7 through 12 turns to waiting patiently for God's plan for the future to unfold James had criticized those who'd made plans without relying on God for wisdom and he'd warned those who ignored God's wisdom by hoarding wealth and abusing the poor that they would see God's judgment but following this James encouraged those who were suffering to wait patiently for God to bring the consummation of history to pass listen to chapter 5 verses 7 & 8 where James used this analogy be patient then brothers and sisters until the Lord's coming see how the farmer waits for the land to yield its valuable crop patiently waiting for the autumn and spring rains you to be patient and stand firm because the Lord's coming is near as we've just pointed out James words in this section did more than just admonish the wealthy they also encouraged the poor and oppressed James strong rebuke reminded his audience that the day of judgment was coming and at that time those who had faithfully depended on God would be rewarded in this way he encouraged the faithful to continue on the path of godly wisdom living out their profession of faith obedient to God in the light of the grand finale of God's plan for the future after explaining to his readers how wisdom is related to joy to obedience to peace and to the future the book of James closes with a short practical application of wisdom and prayer James audience was dealing with a number of issues they'd been scattered from their homes the rich were oppressing the poor they were arguing and hurting one another many it seems were being ruled by their selfish desires and they were finding it difficult to live in ways that matched their profession of faith so in this last section James taught them what to do in the Christian community as they faced these struggles similar to what he taught at the beginning of the Epistle here James instructed them to devote themselves to prayer in times of trouble or joy when dealing with sickness even sickness caused by the individual sin those who have wisdom will pray listen to chapter 5 verses 13 and 14 where James told his readers is anyone of you in trouble he should pray is anyone happy let him sing songs of praise is any one of you sick he should call the elders of the church to pray over him clearly James expected his readers to draw near to God for wisdom in every situation the reason for this is clear enough in verse 16 where James said the prayer of a righteous person is powerful and effective after finishing the main body of his epistle with his call to patience and prayer and trials James ended the letter with an exhortation in chapter 5 verses 19 and 20 James urged his audience to watch out for each other and bring back those who had wandered away from the truth he reminded them that as brothers and sisters in the community of faith they had the obligation and privilege to lead people back to a faith that truly saves in this introduction to James we've looked at the background of the book and noted the author the audience and the occasion of writing we've also explored the letter structure and content and seen how this book serves as the new testament book of wisdom for believers facing the discouragement of trials through joy obedience peace the future and prayer the book of James challenged first century Christians to seek God for wisdom so that they could have joy as they endured trials of course you and I live in very different circumstances than the original audience of James but we also do face trials and we also need wisdom from God to help us deal with those trials just like James first audience we need the pure joy that God's wisdom brings although in this lesson we've only touched on what this book offers one thing should be clear the Epistle of James charts a path for wise living in every age and the more we apply this book to our own lives the more we'll receive the blessing of pure joy that God offers his people no matter what trials or difficulties we may face [Music] [Music] [Music] [Music] [Music] [Music] you

Channel: Thirdmill

Views: 24,060

Rating: 4.8562093 out of 5

Keywords: third millennium ministries, thirdmill, third mill, Theology Matters, Reformed, Ministry, Biblical Education, God, Education, Study, Scripture, Theology, Free, Truth, For the World, Bible, Seminary, Doctrine, James, Epistle, New Testament

Id: EEpHcBRmRPg

Length: 65min 11sec (3911 seconds)

Published: Thu Jun 25 2020