"The Dreamliner" | Boeing Age of Aerospace, Ep. 5

the modern jetliner is one of the most  complex machines ever built it represents   a culmination of years of design and research  The Cutting Edge of engineering and technology   and a corporate gamble of Epic Proportions  this is a big bet industry you have to have   an appetite for risk that makes it exciting  getting it done is is the hard thing it takes   the best mind it takes the most skilled Workman  anywhere and it takes more money than you ever imagine when you're building a  new aircraft it's a really huge   undertaking and it's so much is riding  on it the company's whole future is at stake [Music] [Music] a new plane is both an extraordinarily exciting  event and a really frightening event it's big in   today's dollars brand new airplane the number  could be 20-25 billion dollar billion with a B we make huge bets on commercial airplanes where  you have to invest significant amount of money up   front before recovering a dime you have to make  sure you have the right product and that you have   customers that are going to pay for you know all  of that takes place before you sell an airplane   uh and so the the thing that you have to do and be  to be successful in that business is to be right   determining how and when to launch a new airplane  and which new technologies to include is one of   the great challenges of the Aerospace business  mistakes like like building the wrong plane or   no new plane at all can Doom a company most of  the legendary names in aviation are no longer   in the business of making commercial aircraft  companies like de Havilland Fokker Douglas and   Lockheed and that tells you something about the  sort of darwinian progress of this Aerospace   business um if you made the wrong bet as some  of those companies did you spent um billions of   dollars on the wrong airplane you go out of  business today the Enterprise of developing   and building these incredibly complex and  expensive machines is dominated by just two   companies Boeing and Airbus there is nothing like  the competition between Airbus and Boeing I mean   Airbus and Boeing have been challenging each  other now for the last 20 years outdoing each   other pushing the envelope further further and  further and for both companies the stakes are   never higher than when they make the decision  to build an all new airplane in 2000 Boeing was   at just such a moment Airbus had announced it  would build the biggest passenger jet ever the   A380 a double decker that could seat up to 850  people it's Airbus that's betting that um gosh   if you can build an airplane that can can carry  ultimately maybe as many as 800 people that's   the way to make money and the A380 was a direct  challenge to perhaps the most iconic plane Boeing   had ever built the 747 it was the world's first  jumbo jet and since its first flight in 1969 there   had been no bigger passenger jet in the sky this  was a market that Boeing had created absolutely   themselves and that they had owned this market  then the fact that Airbus was coming along and   and taking that market away from them and not  only taking it away from them but demonstrating   that they too could build a state-of-the-art  large aircraft which would be very appealing   to the airlines that really annoyed Boeing Boeing  had a decision to make what plane if any to build   to compete with Airbus we set aside a small team  and literally locked them up in a room and said   uh we need you to start thinking about a brand new  airplane we got to understand that there's a lot   of stuff that goes on to try to understand it you  know is it is it fuel burn that's more important   is it pilot uh salaries that are more important is  maintenance costs that are more important you know   what's the right balance of the economic factors  of an airplane that will make it successful any   successful airplane has to balance the airline's  economic concerns against the passengers travel   experience for decades Airlines have been moving  large numbers of people between the world's major   Aviation centers Travelers arriving at these  hubs places like New York and London transfer   to smaller planes that then take them to their  final destination but Boeing's research showed   that passengers and now Airlines were looking for  a plane that could economically carry people over   great distances directly to their final  destination without passing through a hub   you know the last thing you want to do is stop  in a city where you don't want want to stop uh   one that stop adds time to the trip uh two it  almost guarantees your luggage doesn't show up   with you uh and there's a reasonable chance that  you won't get to the Final Destination when you   thought you would as well so that forces us to  do things like well how can we make airplanes   smaller but have the same capability as a larger  airplane Airbus had been on size with the A380   which travels from hub to hub but Boeing saw  a market that was ready for a smaller faster   plane that could travel non-stop to its final  destination Boeing called it the Sonic Cruiser   so there was this really enthusiastic group  of Engineers at Boeing that were working on   the Sonic Cruiser uh you know like their life  depended on it it was the coolest thing at Boeing it would be a dramatic departure from the  design of existing commercial Jets it would have   a delta wing rear mounted engines two small  canards near the front and a fuselage made   of a synthetic material not metal Built For Speed  it would fly just below the speed of sound Airbus   was building the really big airplane and we were  building the really fast airplane they zigged we   zagged that's a difference there you know and  we're going to see you know which strategy will   work best the shape of the Sonic Cruiser was like  virtually nothing that had been seen before it   was a thing of beauty it just caught everybody's  imagination and what the airlines were looking   at were two things one is the 20% faster gave the  passenger what they wanted right you get someplace   quicker the other thing was the airplane flies  20% faster in theory uh you should need 20% less   of them but speed comes at a price Boeing's  previous attempt in the 1960s to make speed a   priority was its supersonic transport or SST few  planes have ever generated more excitement in the   aviation world the Revolutionary design the most  amazing airplane swing wing four huge engines 300   passengers 2 and 1 half times the speed of sound  but the supersonic transport never went Beyond a   full scale mockup the problem is that once you  nudge the speed up to that level it becomes a   gas guzzler there's nothing you can do about it  and one consistent concern of every Airline is   the cost of fuel fuel efficiency has assumed ever  more importance over the last 40 years it's not   just the fact that fuel cost is higher but it's  the fact that it's so variable that constitutes   a huge risk uh to the airlines uh you just can't  foresee exactly what's going to happen there are   so-called Black Swan events all the time this just  in we're looking at World Trade Center and we have   unconfirmed reports this morning that a plane  has crashed altitude over New York City and it   appears to have crashed directly in the middle of  one of the World Trade Center towers I don't know the day after the 9/11 tragedy  there was a meeting in Seattle   for Aerospace professionals everybody  was Shell Shocked by the events of the   previous day but there was um there was  almost a recognition that the supersonic   era was suddenly over with and we  were looking at a much more austere future late this afternoon American Airlines  Cuts 20,000 jobs as the nation all but stops   flying Delta Reports most of its planes are going  out 2/3 empty with people still basically afraid   to fly after 9/11 everything changed security was  an issue price of oil went through the roof our   customers told us they wanted an airplane that  went long range burned much less Fuel and for   all of that they'd be willing to sacrifice all  the performance we had the Speed uh and some of   the other things essentially the airlines said  oh rats I love the idea of going faster we'll   take the one that burns less fuel operates  more economically because their customer is   price sensitive so although it was um sad kind of  acknowledgement really of the realities of of Life   uh Boeing got on with it you know hey the Market's  spoken we know what they want let's go and do it   Boeing would not bet on speed or size they saw a  market for a super efficient midsized passenger jet Boeing would call its new plane the 787  Dreamliner the plane they envisioned could   seat as many as 335 passengers it would travel  at conventional speeds but it would incorporate   many of the Advanced Technologies intended for  the Sonic Cruiser the boldness of the entire   Vision was almost jumping ahead two generations  in aircraft design you don't do that easily you   have to change everything what would set  this new plane apart from every commercial   jet that had preceded it would be the very  material used to construct it it would be a   transformation that mirrored another radical  change in aviation almost 70 years earlier   in 1933 Boeing debuted the all metal model 247  the world's first modern airliner the wood and   canvas that most planes had been made of since  the first days of Aviation became a thing of the past Boeing's 787 Dreamliner would not be made out  of metal but out of fiber reinforced plastic it   is an advanced variation of composite the kind of  material commonly used in small consumer products   such as tennis rackets and bike helmets it's made  of lightweight carbon fibers fabricated Into Thin   layers and infused with a glue the combination is  much stronger than either ingredient on its own 10   times stronger than its weight in steel it's the  biggest change ever in the history of commercial   Aviation by far but before the designers and  engineers in Seattle could begin the multi-year   effort to build such a revolutionary aircraft the  Boeing Company had to figure out how to pay for   it the cost of research and development to design  and build the 787 was initially estimated to be in   excess of $10 billion an investment Boeing would  have to make or forfeit it leadership position in   commercial Aviation to Airbus Boeing's decision  was to seek strategic Partners in an effort to   cut its research and development costs by as  much as 40% if one company is responsible for   doing all the engineering and doing all of that  testing and uh all of that work it's a huge bill   to pay but if you can spread out that cost to  multiple suppliers who share in the risk uh you   could do it cheaper and maybe you could even do  it better uh than one company doing it by itself   what was new with the 787 was Outsourcing not just  production but R&D the actual expense of creating   a new plane basically say this is an idea of  what we're looking for that needs to fit in here   go design it for us so in the past we would have  footed the entire engineering bill but we decided   that we wanted uh our supply chain to pay for some  of the engineering so that we didn't have as big   a bill companies around the world were chosen to  engineer and manufacture large sections including   the nose from Spirit In Wichita Kansas center  fuselages from Alenia in Italy forward fuselages   and wings from Mitsubishi and Kawasaki in Japan  these Partners would take on the responsibility   and expense of Designing the sections and creating  new tools facilities and production processes the   most ambitious Innovation Boeing and its Partners  introduced was the process of spooling long strips   of carbon fiber onto what are essentially enormous  robotic tape dispensers that lay the material down   in precise complex patterns it takes the shape of  specific Parts like a wing or a fuselage and then   the huge sections are transferred into a massive  sealed chamber called an autoclave where they are   hardened under heat and pressure if you think  about a fuselage Barrel in a plane like a 787   there's as many as nine people sitting across in  a row so it it's a pretty wide object imagine that   I have to cure it under heat and pressure it's  like how would I describe that imagine putting an   airplane in an oven out of these giant autoclaves  come pre-built sections of the plane that once   would have required hundreds of aluminum sheets  tens of thousands of rivets and countless man   hours to assemble if you look at the way we built  a 707 back in the ' 50s and you look at the way   we build a 787 it is amazingly different it is  off the charts different Boeing's strategy of   giving companies around the world a stake in  the 787 promised to lower Boeing's costs but   also to help sell the plane countries desperately  want to grow Economic Opportunity the developing   World which is going to see most of the growth  in aviation going forward wants opportunity they   want to participate in the economic growth that  Aviation and Aerospace enable one of the things   they're asking for is we're going to spend all  these U.S. dollars on your airplane we want some   work for our people the strategy worked Japan was  the first foreign country to build the wing of a   Boeing plane and the first to place orders for  a Dreamliner in April 2004 the Japanese Airline   all Nippon Airways ANA committed to buy 50 I  was on the sales side when we came out with   the uh with 787 and the promise of the 787 was  pretty darn phenomenal so it was exciting to be   in the marketplace selling the airplane because  everybody wanted it the combination of global   Partnerships and a deep understanding of what  airlines wanted appeared to be working it's clear   they made a fantastic assessment of the market  before the plane had ever been built and that's   because they spent several years talking to their  customers asking them what's important to you   and then shelv the ideas they had beforehand  that didn't fit that description and finally   deciding this is the plan that has a market and  this is what we'll build Airlines were promised   the new planes would be ready beginning in 2008  but Boeing was selling a design and not a finished airliner Boeing had record orders for its  Dreamliner 300 planes valued at over $42   billion but it had fewer than 3 years to  deliver an actual plane and many questions   remained including how the enormous parts from  all over the world would come together for years   Boeing has had whole sections of its 737 built  in Kansas and sent by train to the main assembly   facility in Washington State but parts of the 787  were coming across oceans and from four different   continents there's actually a guy that I worked  with who said well we're either going to ship   that over in giant ships and we have to build  a harbor right next to the factory and get it   into somehow into there or we could just fly  it in we've got a 747 why not rework the 747   so that it can fly other airplanes inside of it uh  which is the most incredible and ostentatious idea   four of these customized 747s called dreamlifters  with their enlarged bodies and swing Tail Circle   The Globe picking up the Tails fuselage sections  nose sections and wings delivering these parts to   assembly facilities in the United States one  in Everett Washington and a second built in   Charleston South Carolina other large Parts such  as engines and landing gear arrive by land and sea the parts come together already pre- stuffed  um with all of the systems and the wiring and with   these sections arriving you think boy that's  that's astonishing there's so much in there   you've got three maybe 4 million parts coming  from countries across the globe Boeing's Vision   was they were going to be the assembler the  system integrator pulling in parts from this   Global Network of suppliers and that Boeing  would be able to quote snap together a 787   in 3 days this was without doubt the biggest  challenge any Aerospace manufacturer has ever   undertaken Boeing had good reason to believe  it could succeed during World War II airplane   parts from all over the country were assembled  under extreme deadline pressure into the most   complex machine that had ever been built the B-29  bomber and during the Cold War Boeing coordinated   the work of project Apollo's many contractors  who were building the rocket and spacecraft   that took the first humans to the moon and over  the last decade Boeing has managed the Assembly   of the International Space Station built by 16  different countries and put together while in   orbit around the Earth large systems integration  is our unique Advantage not many other companies   in the world can take all of these Technologies  and put it into a system that performs safely   and at at the performance requirements that had  been promised originally and can be replicated   at high volumes that's the hard part with  a supply chain that was truly Global with   far more responsibility in the hands of their  suppliers than ever before with untried methods   of manufacturing and a suite of new technologies  on board problems building the 787 were almost   inevitable one in Aerospace should only pick on so  many different challenges today I think they look   back and say oh my God I can't believe we did as  many different things to this aircraft executing   a project of such complexity proved to be more  than some suppliers could handle wrinkles were   found in the composite skins from one supplier  Fasteners were incorrectly secured on sections of   the tail there were gaps between units that were  supposed to fit tightly together and some sections   arrived at the assembly facility unfinished we  had our partners and then they had partners who   had partners and the different cultures and the  communication uh was very challenging and added   a lot of complexity Boeing began to realize that  they'd bitten off more than they could chew and it   was not just the suppliers who were struggling  just days before the scheduled First Flight of   the 787 Boeing discovered a flaw in its own design  higher than expected stress where the Wing joined   the fuselage would force redesign work and further  delays and with a tightly packed schedule that was   absolutely delicate once you get one disruption  it starts to Cascade so you had this chaos building the company's strategy to better manage  the enormous expense of new airplane development   was failing and the Dreamliner was still far  from a viable airplane Boeing had a combination   of factors that was turning into a tidal wave  that essentially overwhelmed the factory and   uh that's when the whole the whole the you  know the train came off the track at that point Boeing Shares are down a quarter the third  delay of the Boeing 787 pushed back the schedule   for the fourth time by the end of 2007 Boeing  was facing delays penalties and damage to its reputation now Boeing has to tell its 51 customers  it won't be ready before the end of next year   launch Airline ANA for one is furious the most  painful thing I think I've ever had to do was   to go tell them that we were going to be late  to have to do that multiple times was very very   difficult we are the systems integrator we have  to be the ones responsible for delivery quality   cost and we lost control of that one of the  mistakes that Boeing made clearly was that they   trusted their supply chain too much I talked  to to Boeing Engineers who told me we didn't   even realize what we knew there were things we  just took for granted and then we realized these   Partners don't actually know that they don't know  how to do it they don't have the experience that   was true even for longtime Boeing suppliers like  Mitsubishi which was building the wing for the 787 Boeing actually built the first Wing in  Seattle and they brought the Japanese in and   showed them how to do it and said okay go back  to Tokyo and build it that way but making that   wing it's not just building the pieces  and putting them together it's putting   the systems into the wing and handling a whole  supply chain around that it was something even   Mitsubishi a very very competent manufacturer  in its own right had never actually done that   before so they ran into problems of course  they ran into problems soon the Dreamliner   was on a path to being 3 years behind schedule  an unprecedented delay in Boeing's history and   Ray Connor was tasked with leading it team to  fix the supply chain problems the perseverance   of that team was phenomenal and of our supplier  team too we started over I I I everything had   to get reworked [Music] everything Boeing solved  the problem by throwing people at it and sending   hundreds of Engineers to Italy South Carolina  Kansas and to Japan we learned we can't just   say you're our partner figure it out yourself  Kathy Moodie was one of hundreds of Boeing   Employees dispatched to supplier locations  she moved to Grottaglie Italy to help Alenia   the manufacturer of the center fuselage meet  the requirements and deadlines whatever they   need if they need me to um help lead if they need  me to help get them some engineering help there's   always that balance between doing the work for  them but then also showing them how to do the work in the case of two suppliers in South  Carolina the intervention became permanent   Boeing purchased them for a cost of more than  a billion dollars so they ended up having to   buy out their suppliers which weren't doing  the work the way they had expected and over   time they brought control of the whole process  so I think that they learned a big and expensive   Lesson by the end of 2009 it had been almost 3  years since Engineers had been deployed around   the world to help address the supply chain  problems and a year and a half since Boeing   missed the delivery date it had originally  promised its customers finally in December   a finished Dreamliner was ready for its first  flight from the time it started as something on   a piece of paper to an actual airplane the  amount of work and effort that took to get   there you know it's five six years sometimes  of people's lives that they've put into that   one single thing you do feel that I mean  you think it's your airplane you live eat   and breathe it Mike Carricker was the test pilot  and had been involved in the design of the plane   since the very beginning we had great faith in  the airplane the couple days before the engine   guy the fuselage guy the landing gear guy the  brake guy all these different people got up   and said my part of the airplane is ready  to go and then at the end of the day the   chief project engineer and vice president of the  division signed the safety of flight letter I've   covered quite a few first flights in my career  the First Flight of the 787 was like nothing   else I've experienced so exciting of course  there was a huge air of expectation the buildup   was excruciating quite honestly B Tower going  001 is ready for departure runway 3 4 [Music] the culmination of all that pride and  ownership that you have uh to see the   airplane come off the ground it's one of  the most exciting things that you'll ever experience it was a rapturous Applause everybody  was just so relieved to see that airplane get   into the sky okay TM uh setting up okay rolling  left I rolled the airplane a little left all the   instruments rolled left and the Horizon rolled  to the left we climbed to 13,000 and we went   in the clouds airplane worked flawlessly and  then we popped out the other side I'll never   forget the picture in the front left wind  screen of the 787 was the snowcapped Olympic mountains just framed there are a 100,000  people in this world right now who would   love to be sitting in this seat looking  through the snowcapped Olympic mountains   framed in the front left window of the  787 and I got to do it on September 25th   2011 more than 3 years behind schedule Boeing  delivered its first Dreamliner to All Nippon Airways soon other airlines began taking delivery   of the 787s they had ordered years  before and the plane was finally in service when passengers first walk on board a  Dreamliner we literally want them to say wow   that was actually written in the design brief that  wasn't a goal that we [Music] had a small group of   us proposed that we do some work with the flying  public around the world does anyone think it's not   important to get at the Deep psychological  and emotional needs that people have when   they're in this condition of inside an airplane  that you can kind of curl up so the results of   Boeing's research are evident everywhere in the  plane's interior design they did something with   the roof of the cabin so it seemed kind of Dome  like you're entering some really Pleasant space   rather than the tube the window is probably  my favorite because there was an airline in   the world that asked us to put big windows in the  airplane that absolutely came from our work with   potential passengers they can control the the  darkness and lightness with their own fixture   the airlines can cleverly control the lighting in  the cabin to influence your circadian rhythm so   that you're waking up for breakfast with a sort  of glow of a dawn type of light breaching full   daylight Levels by the time you land so you feel  more awake because the fuselage is composite it   doesn't corrode therefore Boeing can increase  the humidity from about 3 and 4% up to 10 and   12% so you don't dry out and because composite is  stronger than aluminum it can withstand a higher   pressurization in the cabin the air inside a 787  mimics an altitude about 2,000 ft lower than a   typical airliner which makes it more comfortable  to breathe and travel less tiring it's an   amazing airplane to fly on and is the future it's  absolutely the future of Aviation the 787 has made   air travel more efficient for Airlines and more  convenient for passengers because it carries fewer   people long distances routes with lower demand can  now be non-stop or point to point London to Austin   Denver to Tokyo San Francisco to Chengdu Sydney to  Delhi the whole argument of Hub and spoke is gone   large jets are simply not in Vogue anymore the  point to point philosophy basically took over uh   it was driven by business strategy technology  and frankly Common Sense people don't want to   change at hubs as the first 787s entered service  Boeing's bet on a smaller more efficient plane   appeared to have predicted Trends in air travel  correctly and Airbus which had made its bet on a   jumbo jet designed to fly people between between  major hubs found few Airline customers and was   facing the possibility it would never fully recoup  its investment on the A380 Airbus may sell 300   they possibly might sell 400 whereas Boeing will  sell literally thousands of 787s and make a lot   more money by the beginning of 2013 50 Dreamliners  were in service and there were orders for over 800 we delivered the airplanes that we said we  were going to deliver and we were coming out   of the end of the year on a real high and then  we had our first incident in Boston emergency   crews rushing to Logan Airport to put out a fire  on a jumbo jet it's a black eye for Boeing we   observed a heavy smoke condition and we found  a fire condition in the avionics compartment   the smoke was traced to a meltdown in the  dreamliner's lithium ion batteries used to   provide startup power and emergency backup in  Flight lithium ion batteries are lighter more   efficient and more powerful than traditional  batteries Boeing was the first commercial   plane maker to use lithium ion batteries on  this scale but now that decision was under attack now we have breaking news from the FAA  tonight they are grounding the Dreamliner just   over a year after the 787 had finally entered  service the Federal Aviation Administration   grounded the entire fleet it's grounded until  it can prove to the federal government that the   airline has fixed the problem with the battery  that continues to overheat we had never had a   airplane grounded in our history ever 50 airplanes  in service and they're all on the ground we're   just getting hammered by the media every day  trashing the airplane trashing us it was one   of the Darkest Hours uh that we had if we didn't  get that airplane fixed you could lose the company   what a disaster you had the top executive Ray  Connor going to Japan and making apologies and   telling people that they were going to fix the  problem and meanwhile you had the engineers and   mechanics working on it non-stop it was a very  high pressure situation the way the team rallied   the commitment that took place 7 days a week 24  hours a day it was our finest hour looks like   it's coming down around the edges of the thing  then leaking across the bottom that's probably   a current path so you think the blue discoloration  is affected heating or just they switched on every   engineer they could find with any ability or  knowledge in the area of batteries and they   built what they call a brain Farm we brought in  experts from around the country with respect to   lithium ion batteries Auto guys we brought people  from NASA we had some experts within the Boeing   company too because they use an awful lot of  lithium batteries in the space world so that   we can start anticipating you know what what are  the next things that are going to try to set us back in the end we had 10,000 I I'm going to just  going to guess 10,000 people around the world   working to get the planes back into service  ultimately we did about 3 years of work in 3   months we were never able to really establish any  single thing that caused it so what we ended up   having to do is look at all the potential things  that could have caused it and then put a solution   in place to address those the solution included  wrapping the battery's eight cells in insulation   enclosing the Block in a stainless steel box  and creating a titanium tube through which   smoke could vent out of the airplane in the  event of a malfunction tests showed that the   enclosure could contain an explosion expanding  but not breaking and then Engineers created the   worst case scenario all cells go off on a fully  configured 787 a hundred whatever million dollar   airplane and we had these two batteries that  we heated up and then had them vent off and   it worked perfectly point 140 head forward in  April of 2013 Boeing got the news it needed   to hear the government will allow Airlines to  resume flying their Boeing 787s nearly 4 months   after they were grounded I said we would throw a  party and we threw a party we threw a heck of a party the Dreamliner has become  the fastest selling twin aisle jet   in Boeing's history the company now  has orders for well over a thousand   enough to sustain at least 7 years  of production and more orders are expected enthusiasm for the 787 prompted Airbus to  launch its own composite twin aisle plane the a350   debuted and became an immediate success Airbus  secured nearly 800 orders including one from a   customer that had flown Boeing planes exclusively  for decades Japan Airlines decision to buy Airbus   a350 was a big big blow to Boeing because you know  part of the reason for all the Outsourcing Boeing   did was to keep Boeing's hold on certain customers  and in specifically They had a a virtual monopoly   in Japan they've lost it and they've lost it  in part I think because of the problems with   the 787 because of the delays they had somewhat  lost a little bit of their faith in us to put   all their eggs in our basket and uh that was that  was hard we messed up and we lost a campaign as   a result of it but uh we fight very hard Airbus  they're tough competitors uh but I want to beat them it took longer and it cost more  we reached too far in too many ways   but sometimes these uh these big game  changers are are more troubling than you   map them out to begin with but uh looking  back on it we built exactly the right airplane over its Century in business Boeing  has learned that in the high stakes   world of commercial Aerospace risk is  unavoidable failures are inevitable   each success is hard won and some like the  787 have changed the way the world travels [Music] forever they've changed  the entire Paradigm of Aviation   with the 787 this is going to be  one of the most successful airplane   programs in history although it  had probably the most traumatic [Music] birth [Applause] [Music] w

Channel: Boeing

Views: 667,155

Keywords: 737, 747, 777, 787, Beoing, Boeing, Boring, Dreamliner, aerospace, age of aerospace, aircraft, airplane, aviation, commercial aircraft, engineering, flight, jet, technology

Id: SLgbOhdmK1I

Length: 43min 4sec (2584 seconds)

Published: Fri Dec 15 2023