Superficial arteries of the face (anatomy)

[Music] redneck in Miami today course you do what we been doing recently by memory [Music] we're gonna go back to the face and we're gonna look at the superficial arteries of the face there are superficial arteries there are D values in the face there are veins of the face I thought you keep it sensible and we'll just look at the superficial arteries in their face those go through the veins with it I'm going to save that for another day right got a couple of nice models let's show the arteries on the face and a little bit different which is good you'll find out why later now you know the blood supply to the face is important because it's it's a it's a part of body language isn't it we see other people's faces flush red with embarrassment or when they get really hot and their faces go red and pink there's obviously a really rich blood supply to the face and some people get like rosy cheeks when they get flushing to embarrass the mass all right so in humans the blood supply to the superficial face is important also we're supplying blood to all of these muscles of facial expression and the muscles of mastication so if any of that breaks down then you're like this gap if ischemia better-paying the face headaches that sort of thing in fact this week this is our first week back for this academic year so we have a new intake of Medicine students and of course they are meeting cadavers for the first time so I was being a little bit careful with the students in keeping an eye on them making sure they were okay but it's a very strange experience and though I was keeping an eye on their faces because of course it's the color drains from their faces and they go very pale and I need to you know and there are a few arteries supplying the bloods of the superficial face and a few interesting things are going on in there putting the veins off will do the will do the veins another way because the veins are a little bit different a little bit complicated but what we can see is here is the the arch of the aorta has three arteries coming from in the brachiocephalic artery goes across to the right and then it has two branches going off to the left I know you see one here but though this is what you don't trust a single source of information these models are beautiful they're wonderful this is just seem like a moldy there's two after we say not one there's the common carotid artery coming off the arch of the aorta and then the left subclavian artery coming off the aorta all right so it's not wanted to here's the common carotid artery ascending up into the neck and the common carotid artery divides into internal and external carotid arteries where does the internal carotid artery go into the skull so it goes in net as applied blood to the brain so the external carotid artery then stays external so it's the external carotid artery this responsible for supplying blood to the face here's a question is the external carotid artery the only blood vessel that supplies blood to the face of course the fact that I've posed that question suggests that it probably isn't so okay here's a better question then we turn there artery is going to supply blood to the face if not the external carotid artery who is a tricky one right so the external carotid artery sends up he end and when you you know when you palpate your pulse in the neck you go really high so look we're almost we're under the chin here under the mandible we're really high up and the policy you can feel those using the pulse of the of the external carotid artery there the first branch of the external carotid artery is the facial artery which we can see here then it's a Wiggly artery it's wigging off and so it's not the first branch the first branch is the superior thyroid artery but it's one of the branches so the facial artery then is is wiggling off under the mandible so it's it's actually going go deeper to the submandibular gland and kind of deep the digastric in style Howard muscles we can see the submandibular gland on this side can't see on this side because the submandibular gland has been taken away so we can see the facial artery and then when we're detecting we take the skin off the face usually the way we find the facial artery is because it has this very characteristic curl around the inferior border of the mandible is usually with the facial vein at this point and it Wiggles up here now you can see where it goes so you see as it ascends so you can imagine this on yourself you know it's about that far way along the length of the mandible the the facial artery becomes very superficial and passes over the over the mandible and then it runs to the the corner of the mouth so just posterior to the corner of the mouth the the facial artery runs and then where it's where it's aimed aids aimed at the medial corner of the eye up here that's that's the route that it takes and on its way it gives off two branches to the lips the superior and inferior maybe or branches it gives off the natural nasal artery here so just lateral nose and then it ends as the angular artery here now or we can see on this model is but it doesn't end or doesn't look like it ends because it joins with some other blood vessels here and we'll come back to those in a moment but essentially this is where the the the facial artery ends as the angular artery now what we're seeing here is a very common thing is that the many branches of the superficial arteries of the face and ask to move with one another they link and often they're terminal branches link up with one another and there's sort of the left and right sides linked and cross over the midline as well so there are a lot of anastomosis here and of course this really rich blood supply means that a laceration to the face tends to bleed really really well and it's difficult you can difference a block just by blocking nearby compressing an artery because you're so many Anasta no the reason the facial artery is so Wiggly around here is of course because of the many movements we make in the face so a nice you don't want to be stretching your arteries arteries are terribly stretchy veins are a little bit stretchy but again you don't really wanna be stretching your veins too much so they're they're torturous they're wrigley so that they can react to the movements of their face and yeah like like anyway you get the idea now these two arteries here are these two arteries these are the Supra trot clear and supraorbital arteries I'm pretty sure we looked at the nerves when we were looking at them sensory nerves of the face maybe so can you can you guess which is which chalk here so if we're talking about chocolate we're talking about the pulley in the eye the pulley is for the superior oblique muscle and the pulley is in the medial orbit right so this artery is running superior to the trochlea superior to the pulley of the superior oblique muscle if you've no idea what I'm talking about go and watch the video about the muscles of the orbit the muscles that move the eye the extraocular muscles so this is the Supra trochlea artery here and then this one this is the supraorbital artery and in fact these arteries are running with the nerves that we we've described in the past so what's happening here and is the angular artery this final part of the facial artery in this case is an aster moseying with the Super Trofeo artery which is lovely I like that a lot so where do the super trochlear and super orbital arteries come from then and not coming from the facial artery are they coming from the external carotid artery well what we can see here is the external carotid artery continues up here and it ends here as the maxillary artery which goes deep into the structures of the deep face and as this superficial temporal artery up here which is the one you can see superficially on my temple my temporal region now these blood vessels are coming out of the orbit these arteries they could get to the orbit actually they could go to the inferior orbital fissure but they don't so these arteries are not coming from any of those branches they're not coming from the external carotid artery they're coming from the internal carotid artery and that's because the internal carotid artery for pop this pipe cleaner through its care now the internal carotid artery runs loop inside the cranial cavity here and by doing that it's running just posterior to the orbit which means that the ophthalmic artery check the spelling kids got an O pH thalmic off runs into the orbit and that's the artery the supplying blood to the muscles of the orbit and as it runs through the orbit it ends giving off these super trochlea and super orbital arteries so in fact the superficial blood supply to the face is also coming from the internal carotid artery for this this region up here which is cool right if we're still looking at the anterior face we've covered all of these guys but we've got this little one here this is the mental artery and it's appearing through the mental foramen so a traditional blowing approach to the chin round here on it now the mental artery is a branch of the of the maxillary artery I have got a model wonderful model of a very deep arteries of the face so we'll look at the deep arteries of the face another day we can see the facial artery here we can see the maxillary artery here but suffice to say that branches from the maxillary artery are running down here and then popping out so this is the inferior alveolar artery supplying blood to the teeth and then pops out through here this branch is the mental artery supplying blood to the chin all right so this blood vessel then is coming from the external carotid artery through the maxillary artery and eventually appearing as the mental artery down here okay so that's the most of the face done now we can onto that last bit that this blood vessel down here as I've said the external carotid artery ends as the maxillary artery running to the deep face and this superficial temporal artery running up here it also gives off this part there's a posterior auricular artery remember the auricle relates to the ear that's the Oracle so there's a posterior auricular artery running around posterior to the ear but the superficial temporal artery then is running up here so it's running up between the oracle and the temporal mandibular joint and is running through the parotid gland which is going to supply blood - and then it's going to run through the infra temporal fossa which is this region here this bill there's little phosphor their little depression in for a temporal this is the temporal region it's inferior to the temporal regions of the impro temporal fossa and then it's going to run up to the scalp and it ends by giving off anterior and posterior branches so the anterior branch you can remember because it's the bra it's the frontal branch you go into the frontal bone and of course this the bone here is the is the parietal bone right so we've given off the parietal branch before it does that it gives off probably this what this branch is alluding to here it gives off it gives off a transverse facial artery here we go you the veins and the arteries here together so this that is the transverse facial artery you see it runs just a little I just like on the inferior part of the zygomatic arch to run to this this region of the face here so it's another facial artery it's running transversely like a transverse section superficial temporal artery up here giving off the parietal branch and the frontal branch we've got the the facial artery wigging its way around here giving off superior and inferior labeler labial arteries and running across to the corner of the eye and the angular artery giving off the lateral nasal artery here and then we've got the mental artery which isn't on this one down here so why do we care well I think the obvious one is trauma to the face and you know lacerations to the face hazard is a major artery likely to be involved now you know where they run it's quite simple I think to remember how the facial artery runs and where all these pop out that's quite useful knowledge also the fab you have all these anastomosis is quite useful knowledge but the other one is giant cell arteritis or temporal arteritis which is why this blood vessel is of particular interest now this is a condition that occurs or disease that occurs generally most commonly in the head and neck and the symptoms are patients complain about often headaches pain when talking or chewing sometimes blurred vision or diplopia which is a worry that should really flag this up to you and maybe even fever or flu-like symptoms and things like that now this is more common in women the men I think in a two to one ratio it's more common or pretty much only occurs in those over 50 or over 55 so the older population it's it's it's strongly linked to polymyalgia rheumatica which is another interesting condition which be mobile to go in google and it's caused by inflammation of the small arteries in the walls of the larger arteries the arteries that we've been talking about and the reason it's called giant cell arteritis itis is the inflammation arter arteries arthritis is inflammation of the arteries the giant cell is the type of inflammatory cell you see in these arteries that have been affected now it tends to occur as I said mostly in the head and neck it can occur also in the thorax the reason it's a real worry is not just because of those symptoms that but it's the gold standard for assessing it is a biopsy of one of these arteries so the superficial temporal artery or as branches are a good target and then you can actually have a look at it histologically and see what's going on but if that artery has been affected that's not likely to be the only artery that's been affected is likely that many of these arteries have been effective and we just talked about the ophthalmic artery there's a risk that those arteries in the orbit have also been affected by this arteritis and if this continues it can lead to impairment of vision and even loss of vision the treatment is with steroids just like polymyalgia rheumatica so you tend to treat the patient based on their symptoms as soon as possible to lower the risk of loss of vision yeah so superficial blood very superficial arteries of the face and bit of pathology all right it's not too bad we'll have a look at the veins and the deep wrestles so if we look at the deep vessels we get to look at come back to this bad-boy abstracts with a little bit more complicated but they see you next week [Music]

Channel: Sam Webster

Views: 129,005

Keywords: anatomy, human anatomy, face, artery, facial artery, transverse facial artery, superficial temporal artery, angular artery, maxillary artery, carotid artery, superficial, Sam Webster, Swansea, dontbeasalmon

Id: 6F_RM0cWzEw

Length: 17min 39sec (1059 seconds)

Published: Tue Sep 18 2018