StarTalk Podcast: Cosmic Queries – Cosmic Conundrums with Neil deGrasse Tyson

Startalk cosmic queries conundrum edition be their conundrum that's what we call it Chuck right that's correct we'll see you start talk Neil deGrasse Tyson here your personal astrophysicist this is cosmic queries edition haha cosmic conundrum well of course we always have our different inquiries and I've gleaned from all over the internet and as usual we start wait we're not bringing in another expert so this means I have to know all the answers yes you do okay fine as like you don't anyway so [Laughter] yeah we always start with a patreon patron because you guys give us money thank you thank you by the way thank you for your money there's no nicer way to say that noise I just like being direct like that okay that sounds cool you know thank you for your money which is what I just want to say on every birthday and allow me to say that we're using the money yes to invent other incarnations of what it is we do have some which are all in themselves experiments that we test you know we battle test them see if they work refine them and that takes that takes money that we're not otherwise getting from sponsors no exactly I mean it keeps us vibrant it does yeah the patreon people don't even know there's stuff that we've done because of you yeah you know which is cool alright let's go to Stacy Brown who was our first patreon patron and she says dr. Tyson if he were captain of the Starship Enterprise where would you go first and why and of course we have to suspend disbelief and say that warp is real so traveling at this beyond the speed of light is now a capability so now that gives you the the option to leave this galaxy go anywhere you want in the observable universe I would stick in my own galaxy oh because there's not enough we know about it so let me just know my backyard first all righty all right and then I so I would take a tour around the galaxy okay right alright once around the block Jamie was around a block they've left to the solar systems own motion that takes about 200 million years for one trip and so you know that's still fast given the scale of all of this but but the Sun and all the planets and all the comments and all the asteroids and everybody is all moving around the galaxy together okay now there's something something happened on the internet recently of course of course if we are going around the Sun right and the entire system is orbiting the galaxy right it means we don't complete a closed orbit around the Sun all orbits are corkscrews right because the galaxy is also moved well the solar system is moving it's moving within they get right so even followed the path so there was this all this attention given to someone showing the video of this and saying well this is a new theory of the solar system oh my gosh the experts know this so it's like people this is just two motions simultaneously right okay if you do this you go you orbit if you go that way it's a straight line right if you do this and that you get a healer yeah the corkscrew right right so it's like when you drop a ball on a plane oh yeah yeah but go straight down to if I'm watching you the ball actually right went forward at 500 miles an hour exactly yeah yeah it's quick so did you right so it just went straight down to you exactly all right so that's cool so I would do that that's just too but then I'd go straight to the center and observe the supermassive black hole dining upon stars that have come too close mm-hmm that's what I would do all right gonna watch the galaxy have a smack okay there you go Stacy all right let's go to another patreon uh Tony Tony mirabela what's Little Miss that is a cool Tony Mirabella he does sound like a Vegas act right that's kind of cool tonight only that's righti Mirabella welcome to the beautiful downtown Stardust lounge here in Vegas ladies and gentlemen it is my to bring to you the one the only Tony singing before he comes offstage all right okay he says what do you think unlocking the secrets of dark matter could do for us scientifically would it lead us to being able to harness it Wow those are two really big questions how old is he using some kid in a basement China it's not a superhero nemesis he's in the making he's making his own we harness we have no idea what dark matter is the best I have my own preferences but my preferences don't matter what matters is what experiments are active and in progress and right now the the going thinking is that it is a category of particle that simply doesn't interact with us electromagnetically so electromagnetism is like light and magnetism and all the things that make atoms stick together as molecules so you are held together by electromagnetic forces all right that's why and therapy twice a week now I don't that holding you together but physically emotionally is another thing okay I don't know what's holding you and yet emotionally right physically you held together by electromagnetic forces these this would be a category of particles that does not interact with our electromagnetic forces which means they just pass right on through like you're not even there right but did you observe something like the gravitationally okay so we have we only know the only reason why we know there's dark matter here is because well we have some galaxies but add up all the matter in those galaxies it doesn't account for what's going on in this part of the neighborhood because you see galaxies from behind whose light gets lanced according to Einstein's general relativity and you can ask how much mass does it take how much gravity does it take to lens by the and you come up with a number way bigger then simply counting the the galaxies that are there something else is happening so we call it dark matter because we don't know what else to call it mm-hmm like I said I've said many times it's really dark gravity right it's literally dark graphing right we don't know if it's matter that the folks betting on it think it is matter and there's a new kind of particle that we haven't yet to isolate that's all dad that's what then so alright yeah isolate it okay what would you do with it uh oh you put it in your hand no it'll pass right through your hand cuz it doesn't interact with your hand all right so I don't know how you would contain it how do you contain it you would need a Dark Matter box right so who's gonna make the Dark Matter box I mean it's a philosophical plant really it's if there's a there's a thing that passes right through you what how do you containing the thing the thing that passes through everything everything so everything it passes through right you need to find something to hold things in right correct there you go you need something that interacts not only with our forces but also with its forces that that could be yet another frontier of discovery in the universe what is that intermediary thing if you were that civilization right you be badass oh my gosh you control not only all the universe that we know about right but the rest of the universe that's influenced by dark matter you'd be able to grab it make dark matter planets out of it you can make it stick to itself mm-hmm so yeah that would be a powerful posture to pervade all right so now take that and dark energy is that also in the question oh no that was no it's not in my answer I answered I'm Vegas you you answer clearly Mirabelle's twice I'll move on all right maybe it'll come up in a different exactly in a different question you like don't push it bro all right here we go at the moon goes from facebook says [Music] who's that in Shrek that's in Shrek really good yeah I love it okay so Eduardo says can you explain to us in mortal language but he's from Brooklyn named Eddie Shrek for he's in Park Slope going is somebody going yo Eddie all right can you explain to us a mortal language how the boson gives mass to matter Oh work the Higgs boson how does it how does it yeah how does it give mass yeah yeah so let me give my me attempt this okay that's a lot so neat to think of mass not as mass in the traditional sense and not in this explanation think of it as inertia okay so inertia in common parlance is that tendency of something to want to stay in motion see but it's also the opposite of that or the inverse of that it's the tendency of something to not want to stay at rest okay right okay so inertia is whatever the things doing it when that's one wants to keep doing it all right that's it okay I'm nursing ok lazy so you can measure the mass of something by finding a way to measure the inertia that it that it wields that's okay so now watch let's go to Hollywood alright and we'll go to a Hollywood party okay I used to have a pick and pick an actor who like no one has heard of that you know of who acted a couple of things what if what did you Binet oh please let's not embarrass anyone um I just did Kevin can wait okay wait the TV broke it there we go okay so Chuck nice walks into a party right in Hollywood and and the bar is on the opposite side of the floor okay okay it's a crowded party all right you want a drink okay you walk straight to the bar absolutely you'll get there in 10 seconds of course that was okay Beyonce walks in okay she wants to go to the bar thank God because I'm already there she wants to go to the bar right but what happens she begins to accrete correct so she can't get to the bar in ten seconds no way she has a very high famous person mass because everyone wants to be around her and so her her Posse moves slowly through the room gotcha and if you move fast you have low party inertia she moves slow she has high party inertia a resistance to going fast okay so you have low resistance to go in fast you just walk right across the thing so or no resistance we're not boring or normal just exactly yeah people exact funky-smelling they park the way if it's me I go straight past the bar out the back because that's how much they actually want make it sense so far so so there's think of it as the party field okay okay the party field is giving mass to the particles moving through it gotcha okay that party field is like because like a big fields there are party book goers right if the Higgs field is what they're like the party goers in lausanne in Los Angeles okay right so you got that so so if you the more famous you are the slower you can move through a crowd because everybody wants a piece of you right alright so in that way Beyonce has a very high party mass you have a very low party mass correct and every to get everybody else in between gotcha so that's kind of what the Higgs field is doing it is the resistance of to movement of the particles that pass through God first of all it's a just a great picture you know because we can all imagine that great depiction yeah and that is fascinating like who thought of that I don't know I might have heard it somewhere I don't remember that's awesome yeah yeah I mean that's probably the best way you're ever gonna understand I think so I think so yeah yeah that's great mm-hmm that is really really good and one other little thing that we learned from Jana uh-huh okay as friendo star talks at 11:00 Jan 11 lat grants particles its mass but it's not most of the mass of the universe most of the mass in atoms comes from the force fields inside the atom not from the particles themselves binding energy of the of the atoms so so yes it gives master quarks and electrons and this order yes the total mass of everything in the universe is not represented by the Higgs field it's just the particles within that are out there okay so just a little detail and I that was straight I got straightened out on that by Jana that's a gold man well that's all really good stuff man Eduardo I hope that cleared let's take a quick break we'll come back more work what you that takes out in that voice you go we're back Startalk so I'm like I don't have I don't have it I don't have the which we call that that is an accent that's okay so that's all I'm gonna have the accent mm-hmm all right keep going cosmic conundrum here we are all right here we go whoa here we go Jenny Totten wants to know this she's coming to us from Facebook hey Neal does time move faster at the expanding edge of the universe and slower at the center now in in there there are some assumptions that I don't know I don't know hmm I have to talk mm well the center part and I don't know mm-hmm however I love the question in terms of the expanding edge okay here's something interesting might not be what you were thinking all right if you're moving away from me right in an expanding universe right and you have a clock that's ticking seconds okay if I watch that clock consecutive seconds will that I observe will come to me more and more delayed right okay so when I observe you it will look like you have slowed down right but as far as you're concerned you just run stop that's right that's right so so when she talked about the expanding edge if you're gonna watch that edge mm-hmm you will see things slowed down in that place right okay but it's not an actual edge it's not a physical edge it's just a it's a horizon where you that's all that is if you go to that edge now you're in the middle of a new horizon that is itself whatever distance away it would need to be but if you did the math on that right so so if any the way to answer that is if you want to make any of that true it's the opposite of what she said you'd be observing objects evolve more slowly on the edge the the expanding edge and you are relative to you right yeah gotcha okay that's pretty cool yes yeah that's that's pretty dope I gotta say I like that alright let's go to Virgil Hayward and Virgil says it's pretty cool man I gotta tell you these people they're into this we've got good people we do we got good people to him he says is there any theoretical way to destroy a black hole oh yeah yeah yeah yeah you just wait around till it of rapper [Laughter] it's an answer it's that answer you just wait around small ones evaporate faster big ones like the ones in the Centers of galaxies that they might take I don't know a trillion years oh wait no much longer than that oh yeah yeah yeah Google year Google year I'll give it a Google the Google people is an actual number yeah and it was a number before it was the name of a corporation okay yeah and it's spelled differently goog o L or Google tell they actually misspelled it yeah they misspell before the company right so Google years is a 1 followed by 100 zeros then you could evaporate the the seriously large massive black holes in the Centers of galaxies and yeah then the in that future it'll be a universe with nothing because all the stars would have died the proton would have decayed right so the very foundations of matter would have broken up into its fundamental particle right and really all you have is particles particles yeah yeah so you have right the fundamental particles of the cosmos so universe will end not with a bang but with a whimper cool and not in fire but in ice cool literally cosmic conundrum I see there's a line in and back to the future the the second one right where I think is the second oh the first whichever one it is Marty keeps saying whoa that's heavy oh that's heavy and doc says why do you keep saying it because it's 1955 why do you keep saying is heavy is something wrong with earth gravity in the future exactly what I would ask if I were doc I like that yeah all right let's back to future one so yeah there you have a Virgil it's um wait is your answer we'll just wait at away for ya yeah that's right we don't we don't know any way to undo the black hole right the theoretical way to destroy this time all right here we go um all right I'm gonna do it I'm gonna go with Li Li si Schneider okay from facebook says which is more likely extraterrestrial contact Celeste Julie or inter-dimensionally oh definitely physically it dimensions we don't wait no no no no no I want it to be true you did oh yes but access to higher dimensions come on now right would I think we even did a thing on going to the fourth dimension from the three dimensions to dimension which does fear that drops through a piece of paper exactly and as I've just a interleave beautiful love that an ounce I do because it makes things let me describe it for people Z so so if you have a intersection of dimensions the consequences can be extraordinary yes so if we live inside a sheet of paper and a three-dimensional being says I've got this sphere and then we'll even know what a sphere is all they have are circles ah ha ha ha right so a circle is a sphere in two dimensions or a sphere is a circle in three dimension so you can say it either way right so if I'm a mighty three-dimensional creature and I take a sphere a hollow sphere and I pass it through your universe right my paper univ how would you describe this you say oh there's a dot where did that dot come from it's mysterious then the dot becomes a circle right now you only know it's hollow in the inside because I have to open up a portal so you can look in otherwise it's just a you wouldn't know it's hollow right but anyhow so it's a circle and what happens to the circle it grows hmm until what size until it's the diameter the total diameter of the sphere all right then what happens and then it would shrink shrink down and then becomes a point and it disappears completely and you have to explain that to your friends right that is so cool so imagine a four-dimensional thing passing through our universe right that would be how would you even describe you see a cube show up in the middle of nowhere and then disappear right that would be the three-dimensional slice of the four-dimensional hypercube passing through our three-dimensional world so in other words the two-dimensional slice of the sphere is a circle passing through your paper world right the three-dimensional slice through a four-dimensional hypercube is just a cube right so the cube will start small get bigger and then shrink down again disappear Wow I don't know dimensions are cool so that I don't know how to access another dimension I wouldn't even know where to begin so I'm I will bet that we will contact extraterrestrials before we have before we know how to go in and out of higher dimensions right but the ideal it would be that so here's what I want to tack onto this though how would they would know how to observe us but how would we ever be able to observe if they don't if they if there are higher dimensions yes there the higher they could observe us and we would not even know they know they were there correct so then you know okay and so then what we would only be able to observe is what they are able to put into our no not to put into it nothing to pass through it not put in but pass through for our reality yes I guess they could put it they could put it in our reality but it would be so their reality is so much richer it be they want to just pass it through right yeah it's like so let me let me give the the paper people something to play with they just draw a circle that you know right exactly right so we would observe that we would never be able to observe their universe but unless we had access out of our dimensions to their dimension that's correct Wow now here's some interesting read ahead if if you're a two dimensional being right and you have skin so you draw the skin mm-hmm we have an inside okay we three dimensional beings we'd be able to see inside their bodies the heart the lungs the mouth and eyes everything right but they would not be able to because they can only see in the paper and they would just see the outer skin which is just a line right what that means is a four dimensional person can see every one of our organs at all times I feel so naked I feel violated see inside your organs that's cool so surgery the future of surgery could be four-dimensional surgery where they come at you from a fourth dimension and never have to cut you open think about that I like it but it's a sci-fi story right right there gotta tell you never gonna happen in America not with this healthcare go that is so cool well Haley thanks so much for that question man that's very very cool let's go with time for a couple more questions okay Mario Bear Fieri Vieira Vieira Vieira Vieira Mario Pierre Pierre says do you think it's possible we'll find complex organisms like fish in the liquid water masses in the planets and moons of he says our souls yeah okay so first a fish is a way complex organism all right generally when biologists speak of complex organisms they're not talking about fish right they're talking about multicellular creatures that have might have some appendages they might have like at the Cambrian explosion of life what mom was at 450 500 million years ago there we went from single-celled creatures rapidly when the conditions changed on earth to multicellular life and that multicellular life had like limbs and eyes and and 10 it had features okay that you could talk about and point to right generally we call that complex life okay and then how about how about it's a single-cell organism but it has propulsion like no wait am i right that'd still be simple or single-cell simple Oh correct rather even if it's moving even to come to our but we're talking about I got legs and I got eyeballs right and I got a nose and ears that sort of thing that that's complex features so the question was will we find something okay I want to find life in the oceans beneath the frozen surface --is the moons of Jupiter and Saturn and I want there to be life there mm-hmm but I'm if there isn't you know okay I'll deal I'll recover but if there is life it'll be something that swims so our ocean has many things other than fish right we have we have Ariel Ariel you've got spongebob so Patrick Patrick Squidward and who's the squirrel sandy that's right thank you yeah so anyhow where was it so you're saying if if the life is gonna be there it's going to have features and you know you want its life it could be I mean think about it you want at least as exotic as the range of creatures that are exotic our our in our own ocean exactly and the funny thing is the deeper you go in our ocean the more exotic the life becomes you know what well that unless you've seen it before unless they've seen you you look exhausted m2 we gotta take a break when he come back that was not a compliment Chuck cosmic queries cosmic conundrums where we come back we're back cosmic queries cosmic conundrum moves very nice Chuck yes sir bring him on let's just jump right back into this mm-hmm this is wrong a good question so far these are very good questions so far uh Ross nippled says oh just one thing about the previous segments question yeah asking about what kind of life we might find if we find life we finally in the oceans I think just there's it's not only if there's water there all right okay I do want to get thermodynamic on you okay okay go for it all right as far as we know mmm whatever life is it will require metabolism okay all right it'll have to process energy in some way okay for it to process energy in its environment there has to be a place that has more energy than in another place mm-hmm so that there's energy flow okay exactly like our Sun if the entire ocean okay we're exactly the same temperature and there were no water currents and there was no source of energy we don't know how life could come to be or exist or even thrive so life does not happen without a transference of energy correct and technically you call that an energy gradient okay okay that's so that's what you need all right and and so under there there's sources of energy from like the gravitational stress from Jupiter and from Saturn and other moons on those moons and that pumps energy like deep in the center and so so we'll know if it's hotter in the center than in the edge then we're good so you mean the gravitational forces of the planet that this moon is orbiting yes cause the tidal forces causes an undulation yes that creates energy heat yes like when you bend a paper clip back and forth I've acted for a better example would be when they say if you're gonna play racquetball let's warm up the ball and what are you doing you it's the ball squeezing it information and a refrigeration every time you do that you're pumping energy into the ball from your racket that's what's going on to those moods right now that's that's dope that's really that's dope and the hottest moon in the solar system yeah is called IO and it's closest moon to Jupiter and it's feeling this ferociously and it's got the most ferocious volcanoes the ever work is hot in the middle the stuff has got to get out and it it's it's it's hurling and everything and that is that is basically from gravity that's that's all Bradley stress yes stress of gravity pumping it and it's by the way it's outside of the Goldilocks zone right so we used to think oh you need the Sun and it's got to be just right you know you just need energy in it right all right okay all right right look it from facebook says this right way look it look it that's the word Roy says hey Neil we're lucky that's it that's a cowboy name rodeo okay I'm gonna read this just because here he goes that's what he says hey hey Neil let's talk about low-orbit nice and that's all he says okay that's cool boy look it said that he's picking back with a beer all right so how deep into this rabbit hole do you want to go I don't know man all right you ready low orbit low you ready go I don't think you're ready I are you ready I'm about as ready as I'm ever gonna be as ready as you think you can do for what I'm about to tell you that's right all right so doesn't make sense to you that people this is like inside baseball here okay just be ready for this okay does it make sense to you that on earth's equator mm-hmm people weigh a little less than people anywhere else on earth because of the centrifugal force of Earth's rotation okay okay the equator is moving the fastest right basically a thousand miles an hour okay because we have twenty five thousand miles in the circumference and how long does it take earth to rotate once 24 hours about 24 hours so you divide those it's about a thousand miles in an hour about okay all right if you had a different latitude the circle you take in 24 hours is smaller right on down to the pole where Santa's got no circle at all he's a pure wedding mm-hmm okay very nice all right so yes we're rotating as a solid object but the folks moving the fasters are right on the equator and I forgot that I did the calculation once they weigh about you know four ounces or about a quarter of a pound less that's a lot yeah no it's a lot no it's very easy measure up it's measurable with a household sketch yeah I was gonna say okay you were gonna come up with some light no no micro no no no it's real it's real okay okay that's good that's cool all right far so good so let's spin Earth faster all right they'll weigh even less okay poor Santa his weight doesn't change at all right because first of all he's fat no he's just pure wedding of course so there's no there's no center before it's on the pole right all right so we're tiffin now you weigh a pound less mm-hmm kilogram like how or whatever is your favorite unit we just keep doing this and you can ask yourself at what speed must I rotate Earth so that you don't weigh anything you'll just float there on the equator that's it askable question isn't it if I'm spinning you up and you're waiting less and less and less right you know what speed that is what you rotate the earth once every 90 minutes every night instead of 24 hours yes it's an hour and a half an hour and a half and everything on earth would just know everything on the equator everything only a quaver cuz that's right wait it doesn't ways it's okay right all right the other stuff doesn't have as much centrifugal force right all right no no go ahead okay I'll keep going so if I'm on the equator now and my feet aren't even touching the grounds I'm just floating right yet somehow I'm staying with earth as you had always been even up to that moment correct up to that moment you're there now you just wave one pound you can jump high but you're still rotating with earth you rotate earth a little extra and now you're just floating well I just described for you or Oh low Earth orbit you know I forgot that that's where do you know how long it takes the space station to orbit the Earth 90 minutes so that Wow is that good that makes sense is that good that's good that's an orbit I love okay so low Earth orbit is not now of course low Earth orbit in practice you want to be in above above enough of the atmosphere so you're not you know burning up through the atmosphere Christ we're gonna be high enough so that you go up 100 kilometers it's about 60 miles you're hiring up above most of the atmosphere so that you can now orbit the Earth faster than the earth would take you and that's and you complete one orbit in 90 minutes if you write exactly above our surface it's actually 88 minutes okay all right 80 if you do the math 88 minutes you go up to where it's space station is about 90 minutes guys okay all that's low Earth orbit Leo we call it leader action at low Earth orbit yeah you go a little higher up right 500 miles up that kind of thing you get to me Oh mm hmm hmm medium earth Middle Earth orbit okay not Middle Earth right but middle-earth middle okay right and there you'll find the GPS satellites okay all right so they'll do an orbit it'll take longer than an hour and a half but slower than 24 hours okay okay then you go a little higher you get Geo mm-hmm geosynchronous orbit so these are orbits where oh no you can do the opposite and say if I go farther away I can stay in orbit with a lower and lower speed okay and here's earth turning beneath my feet is there a distance where I can orbit exactly with the rotation of the earth so that I take one orbit in 24 hours yes there is its 23,000 miles up and it's called geosynchronous orbit and there's the synchronicity there's a synchronicity so you launch that I saw it you just hover is overhead that's very cool and if you park one park between Europe in the United States you can beam signals up to it and you can talk too beyond the curvature of the earth that's it Elon Musk wants to launch constellations of satellites so that you don't have to beam out to 23,000 miles you know why because if you be in a light signal 23,000 month that's far enough away that the round-trip you notice that in education it's a way there's a lab it's all AG you'll notice it and sometimes you'll see it in a broadcast or even a sometimes you've been on a phone and there was a lag that's probably hitting a geosynchronous s so so communication you want the satellites to be lower right but if it's lower you're not always in view of it right because it's orbits out of your zone it doesn't stay with you think tonight if once this goes everything you want another one coming in right behind it right that's why a LAN is launching hundreds of satellites so that everyone has fast internet and with with no lag cool yeah well thank you Elon and and thank you Roy Roy luck it Roy lucky bamboo I didn't know that was such good quick yeah leo is right there that was so how much time much time again I don't know what one minute one minute all right all right here we go Chuck you got time for one more question make it a good one all right or make it a bad one we'll turn it into a good one okay Shawn for Farook says this is a faraway planet if a faraway a planet emits a light of low frequency and light of high frequency which one of them will win the race and reach us first oh the speed of light in a vacuum does not discriminate by frequency boom there you go however if it goes through a medium mm-hmm it does gotcha and it is because different frequencies move through media at different speeds mm-hmm that the colors manifest after it comes through so if you put light through a prism mm-hmm and you put it it at the right angle at the correct angle the white light comes in and the prism says blue you're coming out birth red you're coming out last I'm spread and went and since it's spread since they goes through a different speeds all the colors reveal themselves as they come out of the prism there you go separating in separate yes so that so so the prism is what is is glass right that will air will separate the colors right Diamond does it the best is that it's the most transparent it's the most it's the densest transparent thing we know okay so that'll do it the most slows down the light the mother than any and and it slows down like by its to 40% of its vacuum speed of course that makes sense which is when you look at a diamond and it refracts all the light you like before all the pretty colors right that's what's going on and it is better than glass does right that's why diamonds are diamonds and glass or glass right right don't tell my wife that cubic zirconium get you halfway there so so different frequencies of light do travel at different speeds through a medium and just just to make that clear and so now they are there is medium in space like gas clouds when light comes through there you get this effect right that you get this effect and you can get a time lag in an explosion if the explosion happens in multiple frequencies you'll see it having at one frequency before it doesn't another and we have coordinated our telescopes to check for this nice you have a radio telescope a visible light telescope infrared telescope and you can see phenomenon if it's coming through a medium that will differentially slow down the frequencies of light no that's very cool that is excellent yeah but in a vacuum it says so that's it to tie the light is a sweet Eliza like that's very cool okay Neil deGrasse Tyson and Chuck nice yeah Startalk cosmic queries keep looking up [Applause]

Channel: StarTalk

Views: 353,037

Rating: 4.9089966 out of 5

Keywords: startalk, star talk, startalk radio, neil degrasse tyson, neil tyson, science, space, astrophysics, astronomy, podcast, space podcast, science podcast, astronomy podcast, niel degrasse tyson, physics, Chuck Nice, black holes, extraterrestrial life, USS Enterprise, dark matter, dark gravity, Higgs boson, Higgs field, Large Hadron Collider, edge of the universe, higher dimensions, complex organisms, liquid water masses, solar system, thermodynamics, Low Earth orbit, Europa, Enceladus

Id: S6VpLxiQJio

Length: 41min 55sec (2515 seconds)

Published: Thu Jun 18 2020