Roof Types & How They Are Constructed - Carpentry 101

what's going on guys today we're going to go over five different common roof types first we have the gable then we have the hip we have the gambrell the mansard and the flat roof all right so before we get into the roof framing let's just quickly refresh on what's under the roof so first we have the footings and then the foundation walls and then on top of the foundation wall we have the termite shield and this stops termites from coming up to the wood structure and here's a professional demonstration on how a termite shield works then we have the sill plate which is fastened down to the foundation with the anchor bolts those are those metal pins that you see going around the whole foundation then we have the floor joists that sit on top of the sill plate then we have the subfloor then we have the sole plate [Music] and the wall studs and then on top of the wall studs is the top plate [Music] then we have the ceiling joists that sit on top of the top plate all right so first let's look into the gable roof so the gable is probably the simplest one we're gonna look at it starts with two posts at the end walls then a ridge is placed at the specified height and then roof rafters are cut to perfectly fit from the top plate all the way to the ridge [Music] then the fascia board caps off all the ends of the rafters and when you have a gable like this you end up with two attic walls and these need to be studded and the distance from the top plate to the ridge will tell you how big of a roof rafter you actually need obviously the longer the span the bigger the roof rafter and this is the same thing with ceiling joists as well and then you can see how the ceiling joists are connected to the side of the rafters okay so looking at a gable roof planet you can see that there's a ridge running right down the middle and the roof rafters run from left to right from the ridge [Music] and all the water is pitching away from the ridge because the ridge is the highest point in the roof the whole point of a roof in the first place is to shed all the water off of the roof and not to have any spots where water can puddle and sit so this little notch in the rafter is called the bird's mouth and this is the part of the rafter that's going to come in contact with the top plate and also be fastened to the top plate and the bird's mouth gives the rafter a bearing point to hit the top plate and then all this weight is transferred down into the wall and then eventually into the footings all right so now let's look at the hip roof so this is a little bit more complex but not really so the posts instead of starting at the ends they start more in the middle then the ridge is placed and then these hip beams from all four corners connect to the end of the ridge and then we have all these rafters that fill in these four separate bays [Music] and then the fascia board caps off all the ends of the raptors again [Music] okay so looking at the hip roof plan you can see there's a ridge running right down the middle but unlike the gable it doesn't extend all the way to the exterior walls these four hit beams then connect to the end of the ridge and the roof rafters run away from the highest point in the roof as well as the pitch okay so again looking at the section detail for a hip roof it's very similar to a gable the only difference is that when the ceiling joists are running the opposite way from the roof rafters there's something called a strong back which is attached from the ceiling joist to the rafter and this happens in this situation here where the ceiling joists are running the opposite way from the roof rafters this is just to secure the ceiling system to the roof system this makes everything much stronger here you can see on this side that the ceiling joists can be easily connected to the rafters and there's no issue okay so next up is the gambrel roof commonly referred to as the barn style roof so this roof is a little bit more complex than the last two so there's a few different ways to structure a gambra roof you can actually have full trusses that don't even require these walls at all or you can have a beam that sort of sits in the middle of the two different roof pitches that i'm about to show you or you could do this so this one starts with a sole plate that's inset on only two sides the other two sides it goes all the way to the end walls so basically what we did up here was we built another box it has sole plate the wool studs and the top plate again so here we have the two posts that sit at the end then we have the ridge and the first set of roof rafters will connect from the ridge to the top plate on the second floor here so an easy way to think about this is that there's a separate gable on top of this sort of box here and here are the raptors that make up that second steeper pitch on the side a gambrell really has two roof pitches there's one at the top and then one on the sides the one on top is fairly shallow and then the one on the sides is much more steeply pitched and this gives that barn look and just like the gable roof we need attic wall studs here so the gambra roof plan is much like the gable roof plan the only difference is that it has those two steeper pitches on the side so we have the ridge that runs down the middle and this goes from wall to wall and the roof rafters come away from that ridge and so does the pitch and in this section we can see how this all comes together alright so next up is the mastered roof alright so the mastered roof is very much like the gambrell roof but instead of only offsetting two sides we're actually gonna offset all four sides and we're left with this interior box here it has the soleplate the wool studs and the top plate again and this ridge doesn't span from exterior wall to exterior wall it actually sits in the middle then we have four total hit beams which come from the corners of this box and they go to the end of the ridge on each side then we have rafters that fill in these four bays so remember how the game rail had a gable on top so an easy way to think of a master roof is that you're building a hip roof that's offset in from the exterior walls from the first floor so the mansard has a secondary set of hip beams and this comes from the corners of that box that we built on top all the way down to the corners of the first floor then everything in between the hip beams are filled with rafters and the fascia board is there to cap off all the raptors so the master roof plan is very similar to the hip roof plan the only difference is that the manserd has these offsets off of every side and that's that steeper pitch that comes off each end so we have the ridge in the middle it doesn't quite go to each exterior wall and in a man's roof we have eight hit beams not four and then the roof rafters run from the highest point and so does the pitch the section detail for the mastered roof is very much like the gambrell roof but remember the strong backs in the hip roof that attach from the roof rafters to the ceiling joists the same idea runs here because there's going to be a point where the raptors do not run the same way as the ceiling joists and that's where the strong backs are implemented all right so next up is the flat roof with a power pit [Music] so in the case of the flat roof these actually aren't ceiling joists these are called roof rafters because this is the actual roof then the base of the power pit is laid out and something called sleepers are laid on top of the roof rafters and what a sleeper is is basically a wedge of wood it's kind of like that block of wood that you put in your door as a door stopper to give you an image all right so after that the power pick can be framed a common pitch of a sleeper is a quarter inch per foot and this provides just enough slope so that water can shut off so there's actually no such thing as a completely flat roof because water needs to come off the roof somehow you can't have water just sitting on top of your house not a good idea so usually the water pitches into a drain so you can see here in this illustration that from left to right there's the main pitch where the sleepers are going but those two darker pieces pointing towards the drain as well those are called crickets and this makes sure that water doesn't pull up in the corner and sit there so for the flat roof there's a parapet going around the entire exterior then the sleepers are placed on top of the roof rafters and this gives the roof a pitch then we have the two crickets on the top and the bottom and these all pitch into that roof drain right in the middle to the right and here's the section on how everything comes together and understanding different roof types is really important because this distinguishes one style from another you know a shingle style house has a bunch of gables you can have large sweeping gables you can have very tall steep cables that go from the first floor to the third floor gables are commonly used in english tutor design or you can have a massive gable that takes up 60 feet or you can have super pointy gables [Music] biltmore has a hip roof you know an italian renaissance style home has hip roofs proofs have different pitches when they're in different styles and you'll notice that french design uses very steep hip roofs your hip roof can be very wide and spread out or it can be very steep and tall [Music] and then you realize oh the gambrell roof was created because there needed to be more attic space or a bigger second story and the gable couldn't provide that head room so the game braille provides that headroom and then you see the mastered roof and you think second empire or french design the palace of versailles has an answered roof and then you have the flat roof that just says screw it i don't want to see anything all right so those are very simple examples right but once you start to understand how things go together it can help you become a better designer and it'll actually help you realize why things are designed the way they are and knowing how things go together it gives you a certain amount of confidence when you're in the design process really knowing this is gonna work so yeah i hope that helped and i'll see you in the next one [Music] peace [Music] you

Channel: BRUNI ARCHITECTURE

Views: 141,829

Keywords: wood framing, wood framing basics, wood frame construction, wood frame diy, wood frame house construction, wood framing 101, carpentry 101, wood frame house, basics of wood framing, wood framing for beginners, framing a house, mattbangswood, basic steps to framing a house, wood roof framing, how to frame a 16 o.c. wall, roof framing basics, how to frame a roof, roof framing 101, framing roofs, how to build a roof, advanced roof framing, gable roof, hip roof, gambrel, mansard

Id: tzEuI7yuDqc

Length: 9min 55sec (595 seconds)

Published: Sat Mar 13 2021