After exploring lots of videos
and articles about P&IDs we concluded that reading the valve symbols lines, codes, etc. one by one and memorizing them is the most boring and wrong method of learning how to read P&IDs Stay tuned to the end to tell you why! The sponsor of this video is EdrawMax an all-in-one diagram software
that we’re going to use today And by all-in-one, I mean it! It doesn’t matter what your craft is it provides you with virtually any sort of diagram chart, or graph you might think of From basic flow charts to professional Gantt charts lean Canvas Engineering plans, you name it! And guess what? You can design your Process Flow Diagrams or even P&IDs using its super easy-to-use interface countless templates and amazing library! Anyways, you can download and try it for free through the
links in the description Before we get started let’s clarify some common
mistakes and ambiguities mostly among students
or junior engineers First off, PID and P&ID are
totally different things PID stands for Proportional,
Integral, and Derivative which are parameters used in algorithms
for controlling the process loops Second, you might hear different
extended formats of P&ID and all of them represent the same document ‘P’ means Piping or Process. But
the piping is more common ‘I’ stands for Instrument
or Instrumentation ‘D’ is for Diagram or Drawing Third point is that, similar
to other documents like electrical wiring diagrams P&IDs are typically more than a single page 4, 5, 10, or more pages
depending on the process size and you only see a specific
part of the process on each page These sheets are usually
interconnected with each other Fourth, there are relevant
or maybe close documents to P&IDs that have their own usage and you should not
confuse them with each other For instance, a Piping Isometric Drawing It is a sort of shop drawing that is mostly used by piping specialists and in addition to P&ID information they include lots of data
about fabricating pipelines such as type of fittings flanges direction and elevation of
the pipes and instruments and other characteristics Another fundamental, yet related document that P&IDs are actually
designed based on that is PFD or Process Flow Diagram Here, for example, you see the PFD of an oil and gas project If I zoom in, you mostly
see the major equipment plus some pieces of piping Now, here is a P&ID from the same project We have quite a lot more
information here in P&ID in comparison with the
Process Flow Diagram, don’t we? You can think of a PFD
as a preliminary version of a Piping and Instrumentation Diagram So, to avoid confusion a good starting point to read a new P&ID is the Process Flow Diagram, if available Now, let’s explore some P&ID examples This sheet of P&ID is from a chemical process I have elected this part and manipulated it to essentially emphasize the automation and instrumentation aspects of P&IDs So, you can consider it more
of an Instrument Diagram than a Piping and Instrumentation Diagram To investigate a P&ID, first,
you should know that every company has its own way of
illustrating and naming the symbols They show their symbology methods in detail in some lead sheets called
‘Legend and Abbreviation’ and usually it’s merely called Legend In this sample of a legend
from an oil and gas project you see countless symbols for primary equipment instrumentation numbering and identification methods piping arrangement typical details for different
instruments, and a lot more Although the fundamentals of these data are mainly derived from a standard document known as ISA 5.1 and its latest revision
was released in 2009 So, to interpret a piping
and instrumentation diagram we have two helpful documents P&ID’s Legend and the ISA5.1 Standard All right! Let’s get back to the example Here you see a Ball Mill mechanism The material comes inside the
Ball Mill using a screw conveyor and gets out of that in form of powder It has a very powerful motor
and gearbox to rotate it There are some utility units like gearbox
lubrication and grease unit as well In large-scale projects, normally,
utilities have separate sheets of P&ID and we will refer to them
using these arrows This is the name and this one is the drawing
number of that P&ID After showing the main pieces
of equipment and piping the next step is adding
the inline instruments On page 36 of ISA5.1 we have 16 different
types of graphical symbols for illustrating the instrumentation on the P&IDs and we will explain them one by one The first and most used instrument symbol is this simple circle or bubble It is used for physical devices that are installed locally in the field and directly on the main equipment like the variety of sensors or transmitters For instance, here we have two vibration
sensors on this bearing of the Ball Mill To identify that it is a vibration sensor I put the letters VE inside the circle These letters are corresponding
to page 30 of the standard The first letter is ‘V’ which means ‘Vibration’ and the succeeding letter is ‘E’ which means ‘Element’ or ‘Sensor’ We have other sensors mounted directly on
different parts of the Ball Mill as you see Generally, these symbols represent
a physical instrument or device and not a computer-based or HMI object These two symbols indicate
physical instruments that are mounted on
or inside a ‘main panel’ and the other two are installed on
or inside a secondary or local panel If the physical instrument is
visible and accessible to us then we use solid lines inside the circles and if they are not accessible we will use dashed lines You might ask how a local
instrument could be invisible to us Let me explain with an example You might already know that
almost all electric motors have temperature sensors on their windings As in a normal situation these temperature sensors are
inaccessible and invisible to us we have to consider a dashed
line in the middle of the circle You might argue that these
sensors are not mounted on or inside a ‘panel’, so why would
we consider a circle for them? I would say that sometimes
it depends on the designer how to interpret these symbology and if they deviate from the standard they usually mention that in the legend or they might write a note just
beside the page and explain that According to page 43 of the standard we can also specify the type of sensor adjacent to its symbol Of course, it refers us to table 5.2.2 I turn to that table and under the temperature section we can see the abbreviation for different sorts of
temperature elements So here I put an RTD beside the symbols These RTDs could be directly
connected to the PLC cards but in this case, they have been
connected to some transducers within a local box that
stuck to the motor housing So, in the P&ID, we can use a circle with two parallel dashed lines About connecting theP&ID
objects to each other there is a specific tabular guide
on page 46 of the standard As you see, for electronic signals
or electric connections we should use a dashed line Thus, I connect all the
sensors and their transducers or let’s say transmitters,
using a dashed line I will complete this P&ID in the next video with lots of crucial key points Until then please download the ISA5.1 using the description links and have a look at that What I am going to do now
is to draw a simple P&ID using EdrawMax to give you a sense that how easy it is to work
with this piece of software After I opened the EdrawMax I will choose the Engineering category I click over the ‘Industrial Engineering’ to explore its subcategories and here you’ll find the Piping
and Instrumentation Diagram I will click that and as you see it shows different P&ID templates I would rather choose a Blank Drawing to draw my diagram from the ground up The first thing that grabs the attention
is the pretty complete set of symbols and libraries here in the left area I just begin with placing the major
process equipment and arranging them So, I open up the ‘Vessels’ category and will drag and drop a
horizontal vessel into the page The next pieces of equipment I want to add are pumps and their motors I open the pumps library and select a centrifugal pump from there I will add another one and as you see you can easily align them together I have added the motors and
resized and relocated the devices to find the best arrangement To add the piping to our P&ID you only need to hover the object to find these anchors and click and drag to another anchor in the opposite object Or you might want to select the ‘Connector’ tool and click on your intended point and again drag it to your desired object Just like that In case you don’t need the end arrow you can easily select the connector and choose the zero on the end arrow I have completed all the piping and added some valves to the P&ID as well Through this menu down here I also have classified all the objects and assigned them to different layers Now, to add some
instrumentation to our P&ID I open up the Instrument menu here I have a variety of choices I want to add a Pressure indicator right after this pipe expander I drag and drop it into the drawing and will connect it to the main process line using a connector I have spent some time completing this P&ID as you see here In terms of sharing your diagram you have many choices You can export it into PDF PowerPoint, Visio, or even
Photoshop or SVG formats One thing that might surprise you is the wide range of languages that this software supports And finally, you can use it Windows Mac, Linux, or even online I invite you to download this software
through the links in the description and let me know what you
think about it in the comments Hope you liked this video and please stay tuned for
the next part of this series
