Our Solar System's Planets: Mars - In 4K Resolution

hello and welcome to Astra today we're going to be talking about Mars and its moons now I'll try and keep these picture images actual images and as unedited as possible but there will be slight color enhancements but that's really about it now Mars is absolutely beautiful is why I picked this planet first for this channel it has many interesting geological features ice caps thin atmosphere its climate and its orbit of all things we'll talk about today but let's begin with actually how beautiful Mars is now take a look at some of these pictures is that got your attention good now let's actually learn a little bit about math so we can put some context to these pictures surprisingly Nathan might share a lot of similarities one being the length of the day the solar day on Mars is only slightly longer than it is on earth 24 hours 39 minutes and 35 seconds because Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun it's further away than Athens to the Sun and so a year is naturally slightly longer it's 1.88 birth years or one year 320 days an eighty point two hours want to see Earth from Mars I'll take a look at this picture the number of photos have been taken of it from Mars and here's one from an orbiter which is going around Mars right now this was taken at a distance of about 80 million kilometers so it looks quite small and bit blurry but that's understandable Roo or you can see in this picture there is the Western Hemisphere and obviously the moon in the distance here's another picture this time taken from the Curiosity rover it's just a tiny little dart in the middle of this picture here Mars is smaller than Earth and not only that but earth is much more dense meaning the gravitational pole at the service is much weaker than that on here let's compare on the Left we have earth and on the right we have Mars and as you can see it does fall slower on Mars than it does on it I was also interesting to know if you wait a hundred kilograms on earth 38 kilograms of Mars mercury even though it's smaller than Mars has about the same gravitational pole at the surface that demand is only stronger by 1% and that's due to its density mass has two no moons Phobos and Deimos which are small and irregular shape compared to the moon they're very small if you were to look up in the sky on Mars this is about how big they would be in comparison to what the moon looks like in our sky for most is the biggest of Mars is moon and it's also the closest so it looks quite big in the sky even though it's nowhere near as big as our Moon which is quite far away in comparison DMS on the other hand is very small and also very far away so it looks like just a star orbiting the planet I think you'll agree though they're very pretty moons even if they are tiny and I'm not done with them just yet I want to show you something which I found absolutely amazing the first time I saw it it's a solar eclipse of focus has taken from one of the Rovers on Mars now I've barely seen a solar eclipse while I've been on earth so to see one of Mars plus just something else and not only that but you can see focus in all of its irregular glory as it passes by the Sun you can see that it does have an effect on the lighting in the area too everything goes a bit darker as it goes past of all the planets in the solar system the seasons of Mars are the most earth-like due to the similar tilts of the two planets rotational axis so what does that imply well Mars has summers and winters just like us these temperatures in the different seasons can vary quite a lot from minus 100 and fourth and three degrees centigrade at the polar winter caps to highs of up to 35 degrees centigrade in the equatorial summer and as you've already seen yes Mars does have polar caps pluses to permanent polar caps during the poles winter a light and continuous darkness just like on the ears and actually causing the atmosphere to freeze into slabs of co2 ice the permanent polar cap stove consists primarily of water ice in this short video you can actually see the differences of the size of the polar cap from the caps winter to the cap summer both of the polls show signs of these spirals in the ice scientists believe it's because of the Coriolis effect when the dry ice finally sublimes from the polar ice caps it can create enormous wind speeds of up to 400 kilometers now why is Mars called the Red Planet it's because there's a lot of iron oxide on its surface which gives it this reddish appearance it's like there's a lot of rust everywhere and as you can see from photos from the Rovers on Mars everything really is very reddish brown and they're available on NASA's website is for high-definition pictures you can really see such good detail in these photos to the individual rocks to the way the landscape is to what it would look like if you were standing on Mars what's even more amazing to me is that these last images were taken over 40 years ago with the Viking mission now after looking at some of these pictures you might be tempted to think that the Red Planet is a dead planet but actually that's far from the case Mars is very active and there's lots of things happen on its surface okay yeah not as active as Earth but for a planet with no life on it there's certainly a lot going on for example have a look at this avalanche which happened in 2008 is an orbiter was going past what was caught on camera was very surprising they could see a lot of dust which was kicked up by fallen dead what you're looking at here are some dunes which out to 700 meters tall and this pitch is about four miles wide so you can see that this dust cloud is not exactly small here's a June which was photographed many times over the course of a year and you can see that it does change quite a lot and see the ridges which become more apparent as the dust gets worn away I know I've shown a number of pictures of fresh impact craters so far you can see the dust has been this one is particularly interesting because after the impact water ice in the ground melted and you can see the trail as it flowed away from the impact crater the colors there are just a show depth they're not true colors and what do you think caused these patterns on the surface of Mars amazingly they're caused by dust devils these mini tornadoes are surprisingly common on Mars they have been photographed many times here we can see some from the orbiters point of view it's estimated that this plume is over 800 meters high and about 30 meters thick and the shadow of this dust devil is about 2 kilometers across and from the rover's perspective were actually fortunate enough to have a film of dust devils going past Mars is known for having huge dust storms when fast winds pass over the surface they pick up a lot of the moose dust which is on the ground creating huge walls which can pass over the whole planet these storms can very easily be seen from space have a look at this dust dome which was captured in 2012 and then only a week later you can see the differences it's died down and on this photo if you look at the North Pole you'll see the storm which is passed over the top but I'm digressing let's have a look again at the geological features of Mars and most notably this one which stretches it across the side of the planet is giant star it's called Valles Marineris and every time I look at it I can't help remind myself mass effect those of you who played the game on their way now this giant Canyon is three times the length of Earth's Grand Canyon and four times as deep Mars has another very interesting feature that delivers months which is the second tallest mountain in the solar system and the tallest volcano the fact is not the tallest mountain to me it's a bit of a cheat the tallest mountain is found on an asteroid called Vesta it rises 23 kilometres from the bottom of the crater floor but we can look at Wester another time Olympus Mons stands three times as tall as Mount Everest high point above sea level whereas Everest is very jagged and steep the edifice of Olympus Mons is over 600 kilometers wide it rises to the equivalent of 22 kilometers above sea level which would be impossible on earth as Earth's gravity will pull it down the only reason a structure like this is standing on Mars is because it's gravity is reasonably weak because it is a shield volcano it has a very low profile the average slope is only 5 degrees which means if you were to stand on the top you wouldn't be able to see the entire mountain due to the curvature of the planet Olympus Mons can easily be seen from space if we look at the topographic map you can see it quite clearly to me it really does look like a giant pimple on the side of the planet the center of the volcano has some collapsed craters as you can see and the outline of the volcano is this giant cliff face which is up to eight kilometers high scientists believe that Mars lost its magnetosphere four billion years ago which basically means solar winds have been stripping away atoms from the outer atmosphere some orbiters and Mars have actually detected these ionized atmospheric particles trailing off into space behind Mars breathing issue isn't held either by the fact that 96% of the atmosphere is carbon dioxide so basically if you did want to visit Mars you'd have to wear a pressure suit thankfully though if that doesn't stop Mars from having some absolutely beautiful sunsets so of which have actually been captured by the Rovers on Mars now there's still a lot to be learned about Mars if you have any questions please feel free to ask in the comment section and I or someone else will try and answer to the best of our abilities other than that thank you so much for watching I would really appreciate it if you enjoyed it or if you found it interesting please share and like this video so I'll be able to make more in the future there's still so many planets to learn about in this solar system and I plan to do a video for each one 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Channel: Astrum

Views: 1,079,776

Keywords: Mars (Astrology), Planet (Ontology Class), Valles Marineris (Extraterrestrial Location), Olympus Mons (Extraterrestrial Location), 4K, mars, Solar System (Star System), Space, mars polar ice caps, curiosity rover, hirise, viking missions, Opportunity Rover (Spacecraft), Spirit Rover (Spacecraft), NASA (Organization), red planet, mars atmosphere, mars climate, mars geography, mars gravity, mars magnetosphere, Planet (Celestial Object Category), astrumspace

Id: NXbCNAIIAxw

Length: 11min 27sec (687 seconds)

Published: Tue May 06 2014